Florida Statute 20.02 - Full Text and Legal Analysis

20.02 Declaration of policy.—

(1) The State Constitution contemplates the separation of powers within state government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the government. The legislative branch has the broad purpose of determining policies and programs and reviewing program performance. The executive branch has the purpose of executing the programs and policies adopted by the Legislature and of making policy recommendations to the Legislature. The judicial branch has the purpose of determining the constitutional propriety of the policies and programs and of adjudicating any conflicts arising from the interpretation or application of the laws.

(2) Within constitutional limitations, the agencies that compose the executive branch must be consolidated into no more than 25 departments, exclusive of those specifically provided for or authorized in the State Constitution, consistent with executive capacity to administer effectively at all levels. The agencies in the executive branch should be integrated into one of the departments of the executive branch to achieve maximum efficiency and effectiveness as intended by s. 6, Art. IV of the State Constitution.

(3) The administration of any executive branch department or entity placed under the direct supervision of an officer or board appointed by and serving at the pleasure of the Governor shall remain at all times under the constitutional executive authority of the Governor, in accordance with ss. 1(a) and 6, Art. IV of the State Constitution, and such officer or board generally remains subject to oversight, direction, and supervision by the Governor.

(4) Structural reorganization must be a continuing process through careful executive and legislative appraisal of the placement of proposed new programs and the coordination of existing programs in response to public needs.

(5) The responsibility within the executive branch of government for the implementation of programs and policies must be clearly fixed and ascertainable.

(6) Departments must be organized along functional or program lines.

(7) The management and coordination of state services must be improved and overlapping activities eliminated.

(8) When a reorganization of state government abolishes positions, the individuals affected, when otherwise qualified, must be given priority consideration for any new positions created by reorganization or for other vacant positions in state government.

History.—s. 2, ch. 69-106; s. 1, ch. 94-235; s. 4, ch. 2012-116.

Cases Citing F.S. 20.02

Fla. Stat. § 20.02 (2026) Copy Cite Official Site Syfertize CourtListener Amendments
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·Holloman Ex Rel. Holloman v. Harland, 370 F.3d 1252 (11th Cir. 2004).
Cited 647 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2004 WL 1178465
activities of the day." Id. at 1469 (quoting O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1050(b)). Moreover, the statute's sponsor stated
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Distinguished(citing case) (2024)
phrase: "distinguishing"
Cited as authorityPaez (2026)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityJones (2026)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Linda Jean Quigg, Ed.D. v. Thomas Cnty. Sch. Dist., 814 F.3d 1227 (11th Cir. 2016).
Cited 221 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2016 U.S. App. LEXIS 3007, 99 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 45, 500, 128 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 1334, 328 Educ. L. Rep. 41
would have been renewed. See O.C.G.A. § 20-2-57. Hence, for its “same decision” defense to succeed
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DistinguishedChambers (2022)
phrase: "distinguishing"
Cited "but see"(citing case) (2022)
phrase: "but see"
Distinguished(citing case) (2018)
phrase: "distinguishing"
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·Vivian Hatcher v. Bd. of Pub. Educ. & Orphanage for Bibb Cnty., 809 F.2d 1546 (11th Cir. 1987).
Cited 100 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1987 U.S. App. LEXIS 2218, 37 Educ. L. Rep. 101
substantive and procedural due process rights. O.C.G.A. § 20-2-942(b)(l) provides that: “[a] teacher who accepts
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Cited "but see"Tang (1998)
phrase: "but see"
Cited "but see"(citing case) (1993)
phrase: "but see"
Cited "but see"(citing case)
phrase: "but see"
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·United States v. Walker, 720 F.2d 1527 (11th Cir. 1983).
Cited 102 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 14 Fed. R. Serv. 1267, 1983 U.S. App. LEXIS 14624
proceeds of the sale of property confiscated under Section 20-2-93, Code of Alabama 1975, known as the Controlled
0 red0 yellow12 green6 procedural
Cited as authority(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2007)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2007)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Marcus Holley v. The Seminole Cnty. Sch. Dist., 755 F.2d 1492 (11th Cir. 1985).
Cited 47 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 23 Educ. L. Rep. 543, 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 28520
Holley a written notice pursuant to Ga.Code Ann. § 20-2-941, advising Holley that his teaching contract
0 red0 yellow47 green0 procedural
Cited as authority(citing case) (2023)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityGreen (2022)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2019)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·DeKalb Cnty. Sch. Dist. v. Schrenko, 109 F.3d 680 (11th Cir. 1997).
Cited 45 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 6429, 1997 WL 128680
compensation for the State’s violation of O.C.G.A. § 20-2-188, a holding that is barred by the Eleventh Amendment
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Cited as authorityWiley (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityLane (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityDavid (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Dora Elizabeth Cook v. Gwinnett Co. Sch. Dist., 414 F.3d 1313 (11th Cir. 2005).
Cited 40 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 23 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 156, 2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 12884, 2005 WL 1523687
collective bargaining with the district. See O.C.G.A. § 20-2-989.10. 8 . Defendant Reppert made
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Cited "but see"Cottrell (2018)
phrase: "but see"
Cited "but see"Cottrell (2018)
phrase: "but see"
Cited "but see"D'ANGELO (2007)
phrase: "but see"
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·BellSouth Telecomm., Inc. v. Town of Palm Beach, 252 F.3d 1169 (11th Cir. 2001).
Cited 27 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2001 U.S. App. LEXIS 10837, 2001 WL 567711
relevant section of the ordinance in turn. Section 20-2. Franchise Required: This section requires
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Criticized(citing case) (2005)
phrase: "criticizing"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Norman Dennis Martin v. State of Alabama & Circuit Court of Russell Cnty., 730 F.2d 721 (11th Cir. 1984).
Cited 21 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1984 U.S. App. LEXIS 23289
Alabama Uniform Control Substances Act, Alabama Code § 20-2-70 (1975). The state of Alabama proved at trial
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Cited as authorityMcGhee (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityGuzman (2010)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2008)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·William Chavis v. Clayton Cnty. Sch. Dist., 300 F.3d 1288 (11th Cir. 2002).
Cited 24 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2002 U.S. App. LEXIS 15767, 83 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 41, 164, 2002 WL 1798533
and termination of education employees (O.C.G.A. § 20-2-940). Plaintiff further testified that the proper
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Cited as authoritySullenberger (2024)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityMcCants (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Peterson v. Baker, 504 F.3d 1331 (11th Cir. 2007).
Cited 17 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2007 U.S. App. LEXIS 24936, 2007 WL 3104915
in corporal punishment cases, see Ga.Code Ann. § 20-2-732, "not all physical contact instigated by an
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Declined to follow(citing case) (2023)
phrase: "refused to follow"
Declined to followGrandy (2022)
phrase: "refused to follow"
Cited as authorityRiley (2026)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Robert Young v. United States, 936 F.2d 533 (11th Cir. 1991).
Cited 30 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1991 U.S. App. LEXIS 15905, 1991 WL 117774
now-repealed Alabama Controlled Substance Act, Ala. Code § 20-2-70 (1975) (repealed). That section provides that
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Overruled(citing case) (2015)
phrase: "overruling"
Cited as authorityPowell (2023)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2017)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Tremain Spivey, Shirley Spivey, as Next Friend for Tremain Spivey v. Michael Elliott, Lynn Crothers, Wilma Davis, Carolyn Mitchell, 29 F.3d 1522 (11th Cir. 1994).
Cited 16 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1994 U.S. App. LEXIS 23276, 1994 WL 419485
law, see Official Code of Georgia Annotated, Section 20-2-690.1 (1993), and by providing for his food
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Cited as authorityPowers (2000)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityNaia (1998)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authoritySanchez (1998)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Comm'n on Ethics v. Sullivan, 489 So. 2d 10 (Fla. 1986).
Cited 14 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 11 Fla. L. Weekly 210, 1986 Fla. LEXIS 2168
...The declaration of policy for the organizational structure of Florida government provides that "[t]he executive branch has the purpose of executing the programs and policies adopted by the Legislature and of making policy recommendations to the Legislature." § 20.02(1), Fla....
...The judicial power is defined by the declaration of policy as follows: "The judicial branch has the purpose of determining the constitutional propriety of the policies and programs and of adjudicating any conflicts arising from the interpretation or application of the laws." § 20.02(1)....
...ights that occurs by the judiciary. Turning now to the powers of the legislative branch, the declaration of policy provides that "[t]he legislative branch has the broad purpose of determining policies and programs and reviewing program performance." § 20.02(1)....
0 red3 yellow7 green0 procedural
Distinguished(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "distinguishing"
Distinguished(citing case) (2024)
phrase: "distinguishing"
Distinguished(citing case) (2024)
phrase: "distinguishing"
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·Zaneta (Joi) Rainey Lightfoot v. Henry Cnty. Sch. Dist., 771 F.3d 764 (11th Cir. 2014).
Cited 8 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 30 Am. Disabilities Cas. (BNA) 1675, 23 Wage & Hour Cas.2d (BNA) 1372, 2014 U.S. App. LEXIS 21382, 2014 WL 5803575
a county board of education.... ” Ga.Code Ann. § 20-2-50. Georgia’s Constitution vests authority in “county
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Cited as authority(citing case) (2024)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityAmaya (2024)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityOhai (2024)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Agency for Health Care v. Assoc. Indus., 678 So. 2d 1239 (Fla. 1996).
Cited 52 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida
...to validate a given statute. [8] Our role is to determine whether the legislature has adopted a rational construction of the constitutional limitation on executive departments. The legislature has set forth a policy concerning this issue as follows: 20.02 Declaration of policy. ....
...The agencies in the executive branch should be integrated into one of the departments of the executive branch to achieve maximum efficiency and *1248 effectiveness as intended by s. 6, Art. IV of the State Constitution. . . . . (5) Departments should be organized along functional or program lines. § 20.02, Fla....
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Receded from(citing case) (2016)
phrase: "receded from"
Receded from(citing case) (2016)
phrase: "receded from"
Receded fromWatts (2015)
phrase: "receded from"
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·Doctor Awanna Leslie v. Hancock Cnty. Bd. of Educ., 720 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2013).
Cited 8 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 36 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 1, 2013 WL 3481398, 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 14123
equipment and materials as it may order.” Ga.Code § 20-2-109. The Supreme Court of Georgia has described
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Cited as authority(citing case) (2026)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityHershey (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityHershey (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Ronald Sharpley v. C.W. Davis, 786 F.2d 1109 (11th Cir. 1986).
Cited 11 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1986 U.S. App. LEXIS 24058, 31 Educ. L. Rep. 381
administrative review procedures, see, O.C.G.A. § 20-2-940 (the Fair Dismissal Act), and his termination
0 red0 yellow8 green0 procedural
Cited as authorityKoziara (2002)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityManiccia (1999)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityManiccia (1999)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·BellSouth Telecomm., Inc. v. City of Coral Springs, 42 F. Supp. 2d 1304 (S.D. Fla. 1999).
Cited 10 times | Published | District Court, S.D. Florida | 1999 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1808, 1999 WL 149769
be struck down on grounds of preemption.[5] Section 20-2. Franchise Required:[6] This section is valid
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Cited as authorityHamm (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2002)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2002)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Izadi v. MacHado (Gus) Ford, Inc., 550 So. 2d 1135 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989).
Cited 9 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 14 Fla. L. Weekly 1806, 1989 Fla. App. LEXIS 4354, 1989 WL 85264
(Second) of Contracts § 20(2)(a) (1981); Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 20(2)(a) comment d ("[I]f
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Cited as authorityCross (2017)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2015)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authoritySantalo (2011)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Grizzle v. Kemp, 634 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2011).
Cited 35 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2011 U.S. App. LEXIS 4590, 2011 WL 782033
application of the portion of Georgia Code Ann. § 20-2-51(c)(2) (2009) that precludes relatives of certain
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Abrogated(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "abrogated by"
AbrogatedFORMAN (2022)
phrase: "abrogated by"
AbrogatedBarnett (2014)
phrase: "abrogated by"
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·Murray v. Sullivan, 376 So. 2d 886 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979).
Cited 9 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal
...pouse, with full knowledge of the facts, constitutes the other spouse as his or her agent, and with such knowledge consents and acquiesces to and in the act of alienation by the agent spouse so constituted. Boyer on Florida Real Estate Transactions, Section 20.02(3); Anderson v....
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Cited as authority(citing case) (2022)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (1995)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityAyers (1988)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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Bown v. Gwinnett Cnty. Sch. Dist., 112 F.3d 1464 (11th Cir. 1997).
Cited 19 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 10001
Reflection in Schools Act ("the Act"). O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1050 (1996). Appellant Brian Gillespie Bown filed
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·Conax Florida Corp. v. Astrium Ltd., 499 F. Supp. 2d 1287 (M.D. Fla. 2007).
Cited 6 times | Published | District Court, M.D. Florida | 2007 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 51854, 2007 WL 2083582
disputes, the Subcontract provides (Doc. 4-3, Art. 20, § 20.2): In the event of any dispute arising out of the
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Cited "but see"Bitton (2012)
phrase: "but see"
Cited "but see"(citing case) (2010)
phrase: "but see"
Cited as authorityHernandez (2015)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Jill Gray v. Bd. of Regents of the Univ. Sys. of Georgia Delmas Allen, in Both His Off. & Individual Capacity, 150 F.3d 1347 (11th Cir. 1998).
Cited 7 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
set forth in subsection (a) of Code Section 20-2-940. O.C.G.A. § 20-2-942(b)(l). Thus, Georgia has provided
0 red0 yellow5 green0 procedural
Cited as authority(citing case) (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2017)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·James Irvin Tyree v. J.D. White, Warden, & the Attorney Gen. of the State of Alabama, 796 F.2d 390 (11th Cir. 1986).
Cited 5 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1986 U.S. App. LEXIS 27952
Controlled Substances Act, see Ala.Code § 20-2-1 et seq. Appellant contends that his
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Cited as authority(citing case) (1991)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (1989)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (1988)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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State, Dept. of Adm., Etc. v. State, Dept. of Adm., Etc., 326 So. 2d 187 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976).
Cited 10 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal
...Board of Public Instruction of Alachua County, 278 So.2d 260 (Fla. 1973); Otto v. Harllee, 119 Fla. 266, 161 So. 402 (1935); State ex rel. Watson v. Caldwell, 156 Fla. 618, 23 So.2d 855 (1945), 157 Fla. 70, 24 So.2d 797 (1946); Art. II, Sec. 3, Fla. Const.; § 20.02(1), F.S....
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·United States v. Walker, 720 F.2d 1527 (11th Cir. 1983).
Cited 1 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 14 Fed. R. Serv. 1267
proceeds of the sale of property confiscated under Section 20-2-93, Code of Alabama 1975, known as the Controlled
0 red0 yellow72 green66 procedural
Cited as authorityMelvin (2015)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityLisbon (2011)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityCollins (2008)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Burk v. Washington, 713 So. 2d 988 (Fla. 1998).
Cited 5 times | Published | Supreme Court of Florida | 1998 WL 315150
...nary enforcer of state law. Cf. Comm'n on Ethics v. Sullivan, 489 So.2d 10, 12 (Fla.1986) (reasoning that inherent in the executive branch's power "is the ability to take authoritative action to fulfill the charge of faithfully enforcing the laws"); § 20.02(1), Fla....
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Cited as authorityWoods (2007)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·S. Broadcast Grp., LLC v. Gem Broad., Inc., 145 F. Supp. 2d 1316 (M.D. Fla. 2001).
Cited 2 times | Published | District Court, M.D. Florida | 2001 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 7386, 2001 WL 617629
consenting to and to be charged with such waiver." (APA § 20.2). Far from making out a clear case of waiver, these
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Cited as authorityBURD (2021)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2019)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityByrnes (2015)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Bay Area News, Inc. v. Poe, 364 So. 2d 830 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978).
Cited 4 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal
without city licenses in violation of City Code § 20-2. They also filed suit in circuit court seeking
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DistinguishedBennett (1980)
phrase: "distinguished by"
Cert. deniedLong (1999)
phrase: "cert. denied"
Cert. denied(citing case) (1987)
phrase: "cert. denied"
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·Corinne Brown v. Sec'y of State of the State of Florida, 668 F.3d 1271 (11th Cir. 2012).
Cited 1 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2012 WL 264610, 2012 U.S. App. LEXIS 1775
that subsection. Fla. Const, art. Ill, § 20. 2 On November 3, 2010, Plaintiff-Appellants
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Cited as authority(citing case) (2023)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityRucho (2018)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2015)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Sunpoint Sec., Inc. v. Porta, 192 F.R.D. 716 (M.D. Fla. 2000).
Cited 3 times | Published | District Court, M.D. Florida | 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5259, 2000 WL 432681
...Defendants argue that this Court should compel Mr. Drivas to join under Rule 19 as he is a necessary party for just adjudication. The permissive joinder rule permits plaintiffs to structure litigation and join multiple parties on either side as they choose. See Moore’s Federal Practice § 20.02[1][d]....
...The two requirements for permissive joinder are that the additional claims involve common questions of law or fact and that the claims arise from the same transaction or occurrence. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 20. However, this rule is procedural only and does not affect jurisdictional requirements. See Moore’s Federal Practice § 20.02[1][d]. Therefore, each additional claim requires an independent basis of subject matter jurisdiction. See Moore’s Federal Practice § 20.02[6][a]....
...The ultimate goal of the two joinder rules is to cause a person or entity to become a party to the litigation. Rule 20 is permissive and allows the plaintiff to structure litigation and join parties as they wish as long as the rule’s requirements are met. Moore’s Federal Practice § 20.02[6][b]....
...Rule 19 allows the defendant to compel the joinder of that party as long as certain requirements are met. The party that Rule 19 seeks to join is commonly referred to as an “absentee” who is necessary “for a just adjudication.” Moore’s Federal Practice § 20.02[6][b]. Rule 19 could override the plaintiffs decision to not exercise its option to join parties under Rule 20. Moore’s Federal Practice § 20.02[6][b]....
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Cited as authorityHensley (2023)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Hughes v. Judd, 108 F. Supp. 3d 1167 (M.D. Fla. 2015).
Cited 2 times | Published | District Court, M.D. Florida | 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 50254, 2015 WL 1737871
...cal care. The FMJS governs sheriffs and counties and expresses the legislature’s intent to distinguish DJJ’s program from a county-administered program under Section 985.688(11). The FMJS acquires the effective, if not the express, force of law. Section 20.02(a) of the FMJS permits the. development and application to juveniles of a use of force continuum that complies with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement’s use of force continuum. Sections 20.02(j) and (k) of the FMJS authorize certified correctional officers trained in the use .of pepper spray to use pepper spray in juvenile detention facilities when necessary and when unlikely to cause injuries to the staff or the juvenile....
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Cited as authorityLandis (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityEdwards (2022)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Willie James Pye v. Warden, Georgia Diagnostic Prison (11th Cir. 2022).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Liebman, 1 Fed. Habeas Corpus Prac. & Proc. § 20.2[c] (7th ed. & 2020 update); Brian R. Means
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Limited(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "limited by"
Cited as authorityPatterson (2026)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2026)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Calvin Brooks Zeigler v. State of Alabama, 731 F.2d 737 (11th Cir. 1984).
Cited 2 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1984 U.S. App. LEXIS 22901
classify Talwin under the statutory guidelines of § 20-2-20(a)(l)-(8), Code of Alabama (1975). Id
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Cited as authorityBailey (1997)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·City of Tampa v. Carolina Freight Carriers Corp., 529 So. 2d 324 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988).
Cited 2 times | Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal | 1988 WL 77945
and is therefore taxable under Tampa City Code section 20-2 and section 205.042, Florida Statutes (1985)
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Cited as authorityTurner (1999)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Dep't of Revenue v. Novoa, 745 So. 2d 378 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999).
Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1999 WL 821070
...As the legislature recognized, the separation of powers provision in Article II, section 3 of the Florida Constitution enables the Department of Revenue and other state agencies to exercise executive branch authority under the direction of the governor without interference by any other branch of the state government. See § 20.02 Fla....
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Cited as authorityWhiley (2011)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityParker (2001)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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Natasha N. Payne, by Next Friend, Harriet C. Gleaton v. Twiggs Cnty. Sch. Dist., Selective Ins. Co., 127 F.3d 1407 (11th Cir. 1997).
Cited 2 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1997 U.S. App. LEXIS 32301, 1997 WL 690152
discretion of the respective boards. O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1090. A related provision permits school boards
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Floyd v. Waiters, 133 F.3d 786 (11th Cir. 1998).
Cited 2 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1998 U.S. App. LEXIS 735
conflict with state laws.... Ga.Code Ann. § 20-2-109 (emphasis added). So, when a school district
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·Bellsouth Telecomm. v. Town of Palm Beach, 252 F.3d 1169 (11th Cir. 2001).
Cited 1 times | Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
relevant section of the ordinance in turn. Section 20-2. Franchise Required: This section requires the
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Cited as authority(citing case) (2012)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·United States v. Georgia, 19 F.3d 1388 (11th Cir. 1994).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
as it complies with the provisions of O.C.G.A. § 20-2-260, which mandates, inter alia, that a school
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Cited as authorityRuderman (2010)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2004)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2001)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Bown v. Gwinnett Cnty. Sch. Dist., 112 F.3d 1464 (11th Cir. 1997).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Reflection in Schools Act (“the Act”). O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1050 (1996). Appellant Brian Gillespie Bown filed
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UpheldKoch (2010)
phrase: "upheld by"
Cited as authorityKoch (2010)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityCroft (2009)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·O'Brien v. NCL (Bahamas) Ltd., 288 F. Supp. 3d 1302 (S.D. Fla. 2017).
Published | District Court, S.D. Florida
F. Harper, F. James, O. Gray, The Law of Torts § 20.2 (2d ed. 1986)); Scott v. United States, 127 F.Supp
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Cited as authorityFoster (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2020)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2020)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Cobb Cnty. Sch. Dist. (11th Cir. 2024).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Argued: May 14, 2024
Cobb County School District. See Ga. Code Ann. § 20-2-50. The School Board redrew its seven voting
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Cited as authority(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (2025)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Chapman v. Am. Cyanamid Co., 861 F.2d 1515 (11th Cir. 1988).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1988 U.S. App. LEXIS 17184, 1988 WL 127644
vaccinations are required by Georgia law. Ga.Code Ann. § 20-2-771 (1981). Several courts have discussed the risks
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Cited as authorityNealey (2000)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authority(citing case) (1992)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityMcCallum (1992)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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Martin v. Hialeah Hous. Auth., 972 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008).
Cited 1 times | Published | Florida 3rd District Court of Appeal | 2008 Fla. App. LEXIS 951, 2008 WL 239176
Philip J. Padovano, Florida Appellate Practice § 20.2, at 397 (2007-08 ed.). Under Florida Rule of Appellate
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Palomares v. State of Florida (Fla. 2d DCA 2026).
Cited 1 times | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal
...state" and its "local subdivisions" as government entities that incarcerate people as opposed to prosecuting authorities. FDOC is a department within the executive branch of the state government responsible for incarcerating prisoners. See generally § 20.02(1), (2), Fla....
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·State, Dep't of Admin., Div. of Pers. v. State, Dep't of Admin., Div. of Admin. Hearings, 326 So. 2d 187 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1976).
Published | District Court of Appeal of Florida | 1976 Fla. App. LEXIS 14266
So.2d 797 (1946); Art. II, Sec. 3, Fla.Const.; § 20.-02(1), F.S.1973. The request for admissions and interrogatories
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Cited as authority(citing case) (2004)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityWillis (1982)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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·Smallwood v. Perez, 735 So. 2d 490 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998).
Published | Florida 1st District Court of Appeal | 1998 Fla. App. LEXIS 17274, 1998 WL 1083620
Philip J. Padovano, Florida Appellate Practice § 20.2, at 351 (2d ed.1997); see *492also Fla. R.App.
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Cited as authoritySpurlock (2002)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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Dane Constr. & Co. v. Travelers Cas. & Sur. Co. of Am., 207 F. Supp. 3d 1357 (S.D. Fla. 2016).
Published | District Court, S.D. Florida | 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 140882, 2016 WL 5724280
materials furnished to the Project. [DE 1-6] at p. 13, § 20.2 (emphasis added). This Subcontract Agreement shall
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Kay Sessoms Hinson v. Clinch Co. Ga. Bd. of Ed., 231 F.3d 821 (11th Cir. 2000).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 2000 U.S. App. LEXIS 26816, 79 Empl. Prac. Dec. (CCH) 40, 285, 84 Fair Empl. Prac. Cas. (BNA) 309
23, 23 (1995) *833 (citing O.C.G.A. § 20-2-943(a)(2)(Q) (additional citation omitted).
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Kay Sessoms Hinson v. Clinch Co. Ga. Bd. of Ed., 231 F.3d 821 (11th Cir. 2000).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
455 S.E.2d 23, 23 (Ga. 1995) (citing O.C.G.A. § 20-2- 943(a)(2)(C)) (additional citation omitted).
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Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 1977).
Published | Florida Attorney General Reports
placement of proposed new programs. . . .' Section 20.02(3), F. S. Therefore, it can be presumed that
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Bown v. Gwinnett Cty. Sch. Dist. (11th Cir. 1997).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
in Schools Act ("the Act"). O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1050 (1996). Appellant Brian Gillespie Bown filed
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HM Florida-ORL, LLC v. Sec'y of the Florida Dep't of Bus. & Prof'l Reg. (11th Cir. 2025).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Argued: Oct 9, 2024
Code § 13A-12-200.1(11); Ga. Code Ann. § 20-2-324.6(a). So the “patently offensive”
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HM Florida-ORL, LLC v. Sec'y of the Florida Dep't of Bus. & Prof'l Reg. (11th Cir. 2025).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Argued: Oct 9, 2024
Code § 13A-12-200.1(11); Ga. Code Ann. § 20-2-324.6(a). So the “patently offensive”
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Mtglq Investors, L.P. v. Barbara Nina Davis, 270 So. 3d 392 (Fla. 4th DCA 2019).
Published | Florida 4th District Court of Appeal
provisions of this Section 20. 2 instructive. In Ocwen Loan
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Palomares v. State of Florida (Fla. 2d DCA 2025).
Published | Florida 2nd District Court of Appeal
...state" and its "local subdivisions" as government entities that incarcerate people as opposed to prosecuting authorities. FDOC is a department within the executive branch of the state government responsible for incarcerating prisoners. See generally § 20.02(1), (2), Fla....
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Doctor Awanna Leslie v. Hancock Cnty. Bd. of Educ. (11th Cir. 2013).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
equipment and materials as it may order.” Ga. Code § 20-2-109. The Supreme Court of Georgia has described
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Corinne Brown v. Sec'y of State of the State of Florida (11th Cir. 2012).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
within that subsection. Fla. Const. art. III, § 20.2 On November 3, 2010, Plaintiff-Appellants
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Floyd v. Waiters, 133 F.3d 786 (11th Cir. 1998).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
conflict with state laws . . . . Ga. Code Ann. § 20-2-109 (emphasis added). So, when a school district
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Advisory Opinion to the Governor Re: Implementation of Amendment 4, The Voting Restoration Amendment (Fla. 2020).
Published | Supreme Court of Florida
...necessary business with the officers of government.” Article IV, section 6 of the Florida Constitution places direct administration and supervision of all functions of the executive branch, including the Department of State, under the constitutional authority of the Governor. See also § 20.02(3), Fla....
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Payne v. Twiggs Cnty. Sch. Dist., 148 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 1998).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
discretion of the respective boards. O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1090. A related provision permits school boards
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Payne Ex Rel. Gleaton v. Selective Ins., 148 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 1998).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1998 U.S. App. LEXIS 18219, 1998 WL 454100
direct contractual liability, pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1090, against Selective Insurance Company (“Selective”)
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Payne v. Twiggs Cnty. Sch. Dist., 148 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 1998).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
direct contractual liability, pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 20-2-1090, against Selective Insurance Company (“Selective”)
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Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 1999).
Published | Florida Attorney General Reports
been raised, however, whether the provisions of section 20(2)(g)3. and 4., of the district's enabling legislation
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Gray v. North Georgia Coll. (11th Cir. 1998).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
forth in subsection (a) of Code Section 20-2-940. O.C.G.A. § 20-2-942(b)(1). Thus, Georgia has provided
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Gray v. North Georgia Coll. (11th Cir. 1998).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
set forth in subsection (a) of Code Section 20-2-940. O.C.G.A. § 20-2-942(b)(1). Thus, Georgia has provided
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United States v. State of Georgia, 171 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 1999).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit | 1999 U.S. App. LEXIS 6306, 1999 WL 193886
consolidation effort based on his view that O.C.G.A. § 20-2-260 had not been satisfied. That statute mandates
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United States v. State of Georgia, 171 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 1999).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
consolidation effort based on his view that O.C.G.A. § 20-2- 260 had not been satisfied. That statute mandates
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Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 2006).
Published | Florida Attorney General Reports
2002). 18 Section 27.702(1), Fla. Stat. 19 Section 20.02(1), Fla. Stat. 20 See Commission on Ethics,
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Albert G. Hill, III v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue (11th Cir. 2023).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
Argued: Feb 28, 2023
Payment of Determined Deficiency.” See I.R.M. § 20.2.4.8.2.1(1) (Mar. 5, 2015). Thus, the term “advance
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·United States v. Xiulu Ruan (11th Cir. 2020).
Published | Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
substances prescription medication.” Ala. Code § 20-2-210; see also Miss. Code Ann. § 73-21-127; Fla
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Overruled(citing case) (2023)
phrase: "overruling"
Cited as authorityShah (2024)
phrase: "rule_authority"
Cited as authorityShah (2023)
phrase: "rule_authority"
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This Florida statute resource is curated by the lawyer who curates this resource, a Jacksonville, Florida personal injury and workers' compensation attorney (Florida Bar No. 39104). For legal consultation, call 904-383-7448.

Cases Citing F.S. 20.02

·Holloman Ex Rel. Holloman v. Harland, 370 F.3d 1252 (11th Cir. 2004).

·Linda Jean Quigg, Ed.D. v. Thomas Cnty. Sch. Dist., 814 F.3d 1227 (11th Cir. 2016).

·Vivian Hatcher v. Bd. of Pub. Educ. & Orphanage for Bibb Cnty., 809 F.2d 1546 (11th Cir. 1987).

·United States v. Walker, 720 F.2d 1527 (11th Cir. 1983).

·Marcus Holley v. The Seminole Cnty. Sch. Dist., 755 F.2d 1492 (11th Cir. 1985).

·DeKalb Cnty. Sch. Dist. v. Schrenko, 109 F.3d 680 (11th Cir. 1997).

·Dora Elizabeth Cook v. Gwinnett Co. Sch. Dist., 414 F.3d 1313 (11th Cir. 2005).

·BellSouth Telecomm., Inc. v. Town of Palm Beach, 252 F.3d 1169 (11th Cir. 2001).

·Norman Dennis Martin v. State of Alabama & Circuit Court of Russell Cnty., 730 F.2d 721 (11th Cir. 1984).

·William Chavis v. Clayton Cnty. Sch. Dist., 300 F.3d 1288 (11th Cir. 2002).

·Peterson v. Baker, 504 F.3d 1331 (11th Cir. 2007).

·Robert Young v. United States, 936 F.2d 533 (11th Cir. 1991).

·Tremain Spivey, Shirley Spivey, as Next Friend for Tremain Spivey v. Michael Elliott, Lynn Crothers, Wilma Davis, Carolyn Mitchell, 29 F.3d 1522 (11th Cir. 1994).

·Comm'n on Ethics v. Sullivan, 489 So. 2d 10 (Fla. 1986).

·Zaneta (Joi) Rainey Lightfoot v. Henry Cnty. Sch. Dist., 771 F.3d 764 (11th Cir. 2014).

·Agency for Health Care v. Assoc. Indus., 678 So. 2d 1239 (Fla. 1996).

·Doctor Awanna Leslie v. Hancock Cnty. Bd. of Educ., 720 F.3d 1338 (11th Cir. 2013).

·Ronald Sharpley v. C.W. Davis, 786 F.2d 1109 (11th Cir. 1986).

·BellSouth Telecomm., Inc. v. City of Coral Springs, 42 F. Supp. 2d 1304 (S.D. Fla. 1999).

·Izadi v. MacHado (Gus) Ford, Inc., 550 So. 2d 1135 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989).

·Grizzle v. Kemp, 634 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2011).

·Murray v. Sullivan, 376 So. 2d 886 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979).

Bown v. Gwinnett Cnty. Sch. Dist., 112 F.3d 1464 (11th Cir. 1997).

·Conax Florida Corp. v. Astrium Ltd., 499 F. Supp. 2d 1287 (M.D. Fla. 2007).

·Jill Gray v. Bd. of Regents of the Univ. Sys. of Georgia Delmas Allen, in Both His Off. & Individual Capacity, 150 F.3d 1347 (11th Cir. 1998).

·James Irvin Tyree v. J.D. White, Warden, & the Attorney Gen. of the State of Alabama, 796 F.2d 390 (11th Cir. 1986).

State, Dept. of Adm., Etc. v. State, Dept. of Adm., Etc., 326 So. 2d 187 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976).

·United States v. Walker, 720 F.2d 1527 (11th Cir. 1983).

·Burk v. Washington, 713 So. 2d 988 (Fla. 1998).

·S. Broadcast Grp., LLC v. Gem Broad., Inc., 145 F. Supp. 2d 1316 (M.D. Fla. 2001).

·Bay Area News, Inc. v. Poe, 364 So. 2d 830 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978).

·Corinne Brown v. Sec'y of State of the State of Florida, 668 F.3d 1271 (11th Cir. 2012).

·Sunpoint Sec., Inc. v. Porta, 192 F.R.D. 716 (M.D. Fla. 2000).

·Hughes v. Judd, 108 F. Supp. 3d 1167 (M.D. Fla. 2015).

·Willie James Pye v. Warden, Georgia Diagnostic Prison (11th Cir. 2022).

·Calvin Brooks Zeigler v. State of Alabama, 731 F.2d 737 (11th Cir. 1984).

·City of Tampa v. Carolina Freight Carriers Corp., 529 So. 2d 324 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988).

·Dep't of Revenue v. Novoa, 745 So. 2d 378 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999).

Natasha N. Payne, by Next Friend, Harriet C. Gleaton v. Twiggs Cnty. Sch. Dist., Selective Ins. Co., 127 F.3d 1407 (11th Cir. 1997).

Floyd v. Waiters, 133 F.3d 786 (11th Cir. 1998).

·Bellsouth Telecomm. v. Town of Palm Beach, 252 F.3d 1169 (11th Cir. 2001).

·United States v. Georgia, 19 F.3d 1388 (11th Cir. 1994).

·Bown v. Gwinnett Cnty. Sch. Dist., 112 F.3d 1464 (11th Cir. 1997).

·O'Brien v. NCL (Bahamas) Ltd., 288 F. Supp. 3d 1302 (S.D. Fla. 2017).

·Cobb Cnty. Sch. Dist. (11th Cir. 2024).

·Chapman v. Am. Cyanamid Co., 861 F.2d 1515 (11th Cir. 1988).

Martin v. Hialeah Hous. Auth., 972 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008).

Palomares v. State of Florida (Fla. 2d DCA 2026).

·State, Dep't of Admin., Div. of Pers. v. State, Dep't of Admin., Div. of Admin. Hearings, 326 So. 2d 187 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1976).

·Smallwood v. Perez, 735 So. 2d 490 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998).

Dane Constr. & Co. v. Travelers Cas. & Sur. Co. of Am., 207 F. Supp. 3d 1357 (S.D. Fla. 2016).

Kay Sessoms Hinson v. Clinch Co. Ga. Bd. of Ed., 231 F.3d 821 (11th Cir. 2000).

Kay Sessoms Hinson v. Clinch Co. Ga. Bd. of Ed., 231 F.3d 821 (11th Cir. 2000).

Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 1977).

Bown v. Gwinnett Cty. Sch. Dist. (11th Cir. 1997).

HM Florida-ORL, LLC v. Sec'y of the Florida Dep't of Bus. & Prof'l Reg. (11th Cir. 2025).

HM Florida-ORL, LLC v. Sec'y of the Florida Dep't of Bus. & Prof'l Reg. (11th Cir. 2025).

Mtglq Investors, L.P. v. Barbara Nina Davis, 270 So. 3d 392 (Fla. 4th DCA 2019).

Palomares v. State of Florida (Fla. 2d DCA 2025).

Doctor Awanna Leslie v. Hancock Cnty. Bd. of Educ. (11th Cir. 2013).

Corinne Brown v. Sec'y of State of the State of Florida (11th Cir. 2012).

Floyd v. Waiters, 133 F.3d 786 (11th Cir. 1998).

Advisory Opinion to the Governor Re: Implementation of Amendment 4, The Voting Restoration Amendment (Fla. 2020).

Payne v. Twiggs Cnty. Sch. Dist., 148 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 1998).

Payne Ex Rel. Gleaton v. Selective Ins., 148 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 1998).

Payne v. Twiggs Cnty. Sch. Dist., 148 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 1998).

Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 1999).

Gray v. North Georgia Coll. (11th Cir. 1998).

Gray v. North Georgia Coll. (11th Cir. 1998).

United States v. State of Georgia, 171 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 1999).

United States v. State of Georgia, 171 F.3d 1333 (11th Cir. 1999).

Ago (Fla. Att'y Gen. 2006).

Albert G. Hill, III v. Comm'r of Internal Revenue (11th Cir. 2023).

·United States v. Xiulu Ruan (11th Cir. 2020).