The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title X
PUBLIC OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, AND RECORDS

Chapter 118
CIVIL-LAW NOTARIES

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CHAPTER 118

CIVIL-LAW NOTARIES

118.10 Civil-law notary.

118.12 Certification of civil-law notary’s authority; apostilles.

118.10 Civil-law notary.—

(1) As used in this section, the term:

(a) “Authentic act” means an instrument executed by a civil-law notary referencing this section, which instrument includes the particulars and capacities to act of any transacting parties, a confirmation of the full text of any necessary instrument, the signatures or their legal equivalent of any transacting parties, the signature and seal of a civil-law notary, and such other information prescribed by the Secretary of State.

(b) “Civil-law notary” means a person who is a member in good standing of The Florida Bar, who has practiced law for at least 5 years, and who is appointed by the Secretary of State as a civil-law notary.

(2) The Secretary of State shall have the power to appoint civil-law notaries and administer this section.

(3) A civil-law notary is authorized to issue authentic acts and thereby may authenticate or certify any document, transaction, event, condition, or occurrence. The contents of an authentic act and matters incorporated therein shall be presumed correct. A civil-law notary may also administer an oath and make a certificate thereof when it is necessary for execution of any writing or document to be attested, protested, or published under the seal of a notary public. A civil-law notary may also take acknowledgments of deeds and other instruments of writing for record, and solemnize the rites of matrimony, as fully as other officers of this state. A civil-law notary is not authorized to issue authentic acts for use in a jurisdiction if the United States Department of State has determined that the jurisdiction does not have diplomatic relations with the United States or is a terrorist country, or if trade with the jurisdiction is prohibited under the Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917, as amended, 50 U.S.C. ss. 1, et seq.

(4) The authentic acts, oaths and acknowledgments, and solemnizations of a civil-law notary shall be recorded in the civil-law notary’s protocol in a manner prescribed by the Secretary of State.

(5) The Secretary of State may adopt rules prescribing:

(a) The form and content of authentic acts, oaths, acknowledgments, solemnizations, and signatures and seals or their legal equivalents;

(b) Procedures for the permanent archiving of authentic acts, maintaining records of acknowledgments, oaths and solemnizations, and procedures for the administration of oaths and taking of acknowledgments;

(c) The charging of reasonable fees to be retained by the Secretary of State for the purpose of administering this chapter;

(d) Educational requirements and procedures for testing applicants’ knowledge of all matters relevant to the appointment, authority, duties or legal or ethical responsibilities of a civil-law notary;

(e) Procedures for the disciplining of civil-law notaries, including, but not limited to, the suspension and revocation of appointments for failure to comply with the requirements of this chapter or the rules of the Department of State, or for misrepresentation or fraud regarding the civil-law notary’s authority, the effect of the civil-law notary’s authentic acts, or the identities or acts of the parties to a transaction;

(f) Bonding or errors and omissions insurance requirements, or both, for civil-law notaries; and

(g) Other matters necessary for administering this section.

(6) The Secretary of State shall not regulate, discipline, or attempt to discipline any civil-law notary for, or with regard to, any action or conduct that would constitute the practice of law in this state, except by agreement with The Florida Bar. The Secretary of State shall not establish as a prerequisite to the appointment of a civil-law notary any test containing any question that inquires of the applicant’s knowledge regarding the practice of law in the United States, unless such test is offered in conjunction with an educational program approved by The Florida Bar for continuing legal education credit.

(7) The powers of civil-law notaries include, but are not limited to, all of the powers of a notary public under any law of this state.

(8) This section shall not be construed as abrogating the provisions of any other act relating to notaries public, attorneys, or the practice of law in this state.

History.—s. 7, ch. 97-241; s. 1, ch. 97-278; ss. 10, 20, ch. 98-246; s. 74, ch. 99-251.

118.12 Certification of civil-law notary’s authority; apostilles.—If certification of a civil-law notary’s authority is necessary for a particular document or transaction, it must be obtained from the Secretary of State. Upon the receipt of a written request from a civil-law notary and the fee prescribed by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of State shall issue a certification of the civil-law notary’s authority, in a form prescribed by the Secretary of State, which shall include a statement explaining the legal qualifications and authority of a civil-law notary in this state. The fee prescribed for the issuance of the certification under this section or an apostille under s. 15.16 may not exceed $10 per document.

History.—s. 75, ch. 99-251; s. 35, ch. 2012-116.

F.S. 118 on Google Scholar

F.S. 118 on Casetext

Amendments to 118

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 118

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S24.118 1 - LOTTERY - EXTEND CREDIT TO PURCHASE LOTTERY TICKET - M: S

S24.118 2 - LOTTERY - TRANSFER OFFER RIGHT TO CLAIM LOTTERY PRIZE - M: F

S24.118 3a - PASS FORGED - PRESENT ALTERED STATE LOTTERY TICKET - F: T

S24.118 3a - PASS COUNTERFEITED - STATE LOTTERY TICKET PRESENT - F: T

S24.118 3b - PASS FORGED - TRANSFER ALTERED ST LOTTERY TICKET FOR PAYMENT - F: T

S24.118 3b - PASS COUNTERFEITED - TRANSFER STATE LOTTERY TICKET FOR PAYMENT - F: T

S24.118 3c - FORGERY OF - OR ALTER LOTTERY TICKET WITH INTENT TO DEFRAUD - F: T

S24.118 3c - COUNTERFEITING OF - FALSELY MAKE LOTTERY TICKET WIT DEFRAUD - F: T

S24.118 3c - FRAUD-SWINDLE - PASS LOTTERY TICKET WITH INTENT TO DEFRAUD - F: T

S24.118 3d - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - FILE FALSE CLAIM FOR PAYMENT - F: T

S24.118 4 - FRAUD-SWINDLE - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 8731 - F: F

S24.118 4 - EMBEZZLE - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 8732 - F: F

S24.118 4a - FRAUD - UNLAWFUL REPRESENTATION OF LOTTERY PROGRAM - M: F

S24.118 4b - FRAUD - UNAUTHORIZED USE TERMS OF FLORIDA ST LOTTERY - M: F

S24.118 5a - FRAUD - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 9686 - M: F

S24.118 5b - FRAUD - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 9687 - M: F

S560.118 3 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REPEALED 2008-177 - F: T

S560.118 3 - FRAUD - MONEY TRANSMITS FTC INS OFF RECORDS ORDER - F: T

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id ., at 356, 118 S.Ct. 789. . . . Debo, And Still the Waters Run 86-87, 117-118 (1940). . . . S., at 355, 118 S.Ct. 789). . . . S., at 357, 118 S.Ct. 789. . . . S., at 356 [118 S.Ct. 789].... . . .

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Lyght , 441 F.3d 96, 117-118, and n. 13 (C.A.2 2006) (Sotomayor, J., dissenting) (cataloging Circuit . . . Lyght , 441 F.3d 96, 117, 118, n. 13 (C.A.2 2006) (Sotomayor, J., dissenting) (identifying seven Circuits . . .

B. CHIAFALO, v. WASHINGTON, 140 S. Ct. 2316 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach , 523 U.S. 26, 35, 118 S.Ct. 956, 140 L.Ed.2d 62 (1998) (recognizing . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Albright , 523 U.S. 420, 458-459, 118 S.Ct. 1428, 140 L.Ed.2d 575 (1998) (Scalia, J., concurring in judgment . . .

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, v. BOOKING. COM B. V., 140 S. Ct. 2298 (U.S. 2020)

. . . National Biscuit Co. , 305 U.S. 111, 118-119, 59 S.Ct. 109, 83 L.Ed. 73 (1938), or because it has invested . . . See Kellogg , 305 U.S. at 118-119, 59 S.Ct. 109 ; Abercrombie , 537 F.2d at 9. . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hopkins , 118 U.S. 356, 369, 6 S.Ct. 1064, 30 L.Ed. 220 (1886) ; cf. Bluman v. . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Wulff , 428 U.S. 106, 118, 96 S.Ct. 2868, 49 L.Ed.2d 826 (1976). . . . Williams , 504 U.S. 36, 41, 112 S.Ct. 1735, 118 L.Ed.2d 352 (1992). . . . Kansas City , 176 U.S. 114, 118, 20 S.Ct. 284, 44 L.Ed. 392 (1900) ). . . . S. 118, 134 S.Ct. 1377, 188 L.Ed.2d 392 (2014), questioned the validity of our prudential standing doctrine . . . Clark , 176 U.S. at 118, 20 S.Ct. 284 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also, e.g. , Tyler , 179 . . . Id. , at 113-118, 96 S.Ct. 2868 (plurality opinion). . . . Id., at 265, 1323; see id., at 118, 1147. . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hopkins , 118 U.S. 356, 6 S.Ct. 1064, 30 L.Ed. 220 (1886), the Court explained that "[t]he Fourteenth . . . Yick Wo , 118 U.S. at 369, 6 S.Ct. 1064. . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. , 523 U.S. 340, 352, 118 S.Ct. 1279, 140 L.Ed.2d 438 (1998) ). . . . analyzing whether certain remedies were traditionally available in equity, Feltner , 523 U.S. at 352, 118 . . . Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. , 523 U.S. 340, 352, 118 S.Ct. 1279, 140 L.Ed.2d 438 (1998). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . City of New York , 524 U.S. 417, 118 S.Ct. 2091, 141 L.Ed.2d 393 (1998) ; INS v. . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 79, 118 S.Ct. 998. . . . Oncale , 523 U.S. at 79, 118 S.Ct. 998. . . . Oncale , 523 U.S. at 79, 118 S.Ct. 998 ; see also A. Scalia & B. . . . Id. , at 212, 118 S.Ct. 1952. . . . Ante , at 1751 (quoting 523 U.S. at 79, 118 S.Ct. 998 ). . . . Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc. , 523 U.S. 75, 79, 118 S.Ct. 998, 140 L.Ed.2d 201 (1998). . . . Cf. id., at 78-79, 118 S.Ct. 998 ; see Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. v. . . .

L. BAXTER v. BRACEY,, 140 S. Ct. 1862 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Britton , 523 U.S. 574, 611, 118 S.Ct. 1584, 140 L.Ed.2d 759 (1998) (Scalia, J., joined by THOMAS, J. . . .

ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . In re Preis , 118 N.J. 564, 571, 573 A.2d 148, 152 (1990). . . . United States , 524 U.S. 125, 143, 118 S.Ct. 1911, 141 L.Ed.2d 111 (1998) (GINSBURG, J., dissenting); . . . Id., at 118, 87 Eng. Rep., at 76 (emphasis added). . . .

J. LOMAX, v. ORTIZ- MARQUEZ,, 140 S. Ct. 1721 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hernandez , 504 U.S. 25, 34, 112 S.Ct. 1728, 118 L.Ed.2d 340 (1992). . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Citizens for Better Environment , 523 U.S. 83, 107, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (same). . . . Citizens for Better Environment , 523 U.S. 83, 94-95, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (explaining . . . TVA , 306 U.S. 118, 137-138, 59 S.Ct. 366, 83 L.Ed. 543 (1939). In Heckler v. Mathews , 465 U. . . . S. 11, 21, 118 S.Ct. 1777, 141 L.Ed.2d 10 (1998) ; one's "personal, political, and professional reputation . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 140 U.S. 118, 128-129, 11 S.Ct. 761, 35 L.Ed. 377 (1891) (same). . . . Oregon , 223 U.S. 118, 149, 32 S.Ct. 224, 56 L.Ed. 377 (1912) (same). . . .

BANISTER, v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1698 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Martinez-Villareal , 523 U.S. 637, 644, 118 S.Ct. 1618, 140 L.Ed.2d 849 (1998). . . . Thompson , 523 U.S. 538, 554, 118 S.Ct. 1489, 140 L.Ed.2d 728 (1998). . . . Martinez-Villareal , 523 U.S. 637, 643-644, 118 S.Ct. 1618, 140 L.Ed.2d 849 (1998) (permitting a prisoner . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Kansas City , 176 U.S. 114, 118, 20 S.Ct. 284, 44 L.Ed. 392 (1900) ; Owings v. . . . App. 118-121. Sineneng-Smith then moved for a judgment of acquittal. . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Langston , 118 U.S. 389, 6 S.Ct. 1185, 30 L.Ed. 164 (1886). . . . Id., at 2-63 (citing, e.g. , Langston , 118 U.S. at 394, 6 S.Ct. 1185 ). . . . Lexecon , 523 U.S. at 35, 118 S.Ct. 956. . . . See Langston , 118 U.S. at 394, 6 S.Ct. 1185 ; cf. Raines v. . . . Langston , 118 U.S. at 394, 6 S.Ct. 1185 ; see also Vulte , 233 U.S. at 515, 34 S.Ct. 664. . . .

BARTON, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1442 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Attorney General of United States , 449 Fed.Appx. 116, 118 (C.A.3 2011) ; Calix v. . . .

ROMAG FASTENERS, INC. v. FOSSIL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1492 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Congress Cigar Co. , 118 F.2d 64, 71-72 (C.A.6 1941). . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . City of Tarrant , 522 U.S. 75, 81, 118 S.Ct. 481, 139 L.Ed.2d 433 (1997). . . . Central Office Telephone, Inc. , 524 U.S. 214, 228, 118 S.Ct. 1956, 141 L.Ed.2d 222 (1998) (quoting Texas . . . Citizens for Better Environment , 523 U.S. 83, 94-95, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998), but nothing . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 570 U.S. 99, 118, 133 S.Ct. 2151, 186 L.Ed.2d 314 (2013) (SOTOMAYOR, J., concurring) . . .

BABB, v. WILKIE,, 140 S. Ct. 1168 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Citizens for Better Environment , 523 U.S. 83, 103, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998). . . .

CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY, v. FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., 140 S. Ct. 1081 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach , 523 U.S. 26, 35, 118 S.Ct. 956, 140 L.Ed.2d 62 (1998). . . .

INTEL CORPORATION INVESTMENT POLICY COMMITTEE, v. M. SULYMA, 140 S. Ct. 768 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bruch , 489 U.S. 101, 118, 109 S.Ct. 948, 103 L.Ed.2d 80 (1989) (quoting H.R. Rep. . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 524 U.S. 125, 138-139, 118 S.Ct. 1911, 141 L.Ed.2d 111 (1998) ). . . . Ocasio , 578 U.S., at ----, n. 8, 136 S.Ct., at 1434, n. 8 ) (quoting Muscarello , 524 U.S. at 138-139, 118 . . . Id ., at 138, 118 S.Ct. 1911. . . . United States , 524 U.S. 125, 138, 118 S.Ct. 1911, 141 L.Ed.2d 111 (1998) ; Caron v. . . . United States , 524 U.S. 308, 316, 118 S.Ct. 2007, 141 L.Ed.2d 303 (1998) ; United States v. . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Pollard , 565 U.S. 118, 132 S.Ct. 617, 181 L.Ed.2d 606 (2012) ; Wilkie v. . . . Pollard , 565 U.S. 118, 126, 132 S.Ct. 617, 181 L.Ed.2d 606 (2012). . . . Pollard , 565 U.S. 118, 132 S.Ct. 617, 181 L.Ed.2d 606 (2012) ; Wilkie v. . . .

ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHDIOCESE OF SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO v. ACEVEDO FELICIANO,, 140 S. Ct. 696 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Tugman , 106 U.S. 118, 122, 1 S.Ct. 58, 27 L.Ed. 87 (1882) ; Black's Law Dictionary 426 (11th ed. 2019 . . .

C. ROTKISKE, v. KLEMM,, 140 S. Ct. 355 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Ferbar Corp. of Cal. , 522 U.S. 192, 201, 118 S.Ct. 542, 139 L.Ed.2d 553 (1997) ). . . .

INTERMESSAGE COMMUNICATIONS, INC. v. AMERITECH MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 242 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 19-118 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

ELHADY, v. H. KABLE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . . ¶¶ 117-118. . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Akins , 524 U.S. 11, 21, 118 S.Ct. 1777, 141 L.Ed.2d 10 (1998). . . . Ct. at 1549-50 ; Akins , 524 U.S. at 20-25, 118 S.Ct. 1777 ; Pub. Citizen v. . . . See Akins , 524 U.S. at 21, 118 S.Ct. 1777 (holding that a group of voters had suffered a cognizable . . .

UNITED STATES v. LILLARD,, 935 F.3d 827 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Escondido , 503 U.S. 519, 534, 112 S.Ct. 1522, 118 L.Ed.2d 153 (1992) (string cite omitted). . . .

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES OF PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF ST. LOUIS REGION, INC. P. D. O. M. S. C. I. F. A. C. O. G, v. L. PARSON,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 631 (W.D. Mo. 2019)

. . . Wulff, 428 U.S. 106, 118 [96 S.Ct. 2868, 49 L.Ed.2d 826] (1976) (plurality); see also Diamond v. . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Abbott , 524 U.S. 624, 650, 118 S.Ct. 2196, 141 L.Ed.2d 540 (1998) ("A health care professional who disagrees . . .

GALDERMA LABORATORIES L. P. S. A. S. A. v. TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, INC., 390 F. Supp. 3d 582 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . Patent Nos. 9,089,587 ("the '587 patent"), 9,233,117 ("the '117 patent"), and 9,233,118 ("the '118 patent . . . claim 12 of the '587 patent, claims 2, 3, and 6 of the '117 patent, and claims 6, 7, 10, and 11 of the '118 . . . The parties stipulated to infringement of claim 6 of the '118 patent, assuming the claim is valid and . . . Galderma asserts independent claim 6 and dependent claims 7, 10, and 11 of the '118 patent. . . . Claim 12 of the '587 patent, claim 3 of the '117 patent, and claim 11 of the '118 patent each have a . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. HOPPER,, 934 F.3d 740 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . R.118 (Trial Tr. Day 1) at 8. Id. at 5. Id. at 6. Id. Id. Id. at 7. Id. at 8. Id. Id. at 10. . . . R.118 at 59. Id. at 61 (internal quotation marks omitted). Id. at 64. R.123 at 26. R.118 at 90. . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Britton , 523 U.S. 574, 611-12, 118 S.Ct. 1584, 140 L.Ed.2d 759 (1998) (Scalia, J., joined by Thomas, . . . Id. at 611, 118 S.Ct. 1584. . . . Id. at 611-12, 118 S.Ct. 1584. . . . See Crawford-El , 523 U.S. at 611-12, 118 S.Ct. 1584 (Scalia, J., joined by Thomas, J., dissenting). . . . Khan , 522 U.S. 3, 118 S.Ct. 275, 139 L.Ed.2d 199 (1997) (overruling prior precedent whose unsoundness . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Static Control Components, Inc. , 572 U.S. 118, 128, 134 S.Ct. 1377, 188 L.Ed.2d 392 (2014). " Section . . . Genentech, Inc. , 549 U.S. 118, 129, 127 S.Ct. 764, 166 L.Ed.2d 604 (2007). . . . Citizens for a Better Env't , 523 U.S. 83, 89, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (quoting Oneida . . . Steel Co. , 523 U.S. at 89, 118 S.Ct. 1003 (quoting Oneida Indian Nation of N.Y. , 414 U.S. at 666, 94 . . . for the proposition that we cannot "recognize a cause of action that Congress has denied." 572 U.S. 118 . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Manhattan , 118 F.3d 1400, 1403 (10th Cir. 1997) ("Because the district court is in the best . . . Tyler , 118 F.3d at 1403 (quotations and citations omitted); see also Vaughn v. . . . Tyler , 118 F.3d at 1403 (quotations and citations omitted). . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Woodard, 523 U.S. 272, 288-89, 118 S. . . . opportunity to seek clemency from the governor, "as a matter of grace," Woodard, 523 U.S. at 280-81, 118 . . . Woodard, 523 U.S. 272, 280-81, 118 S.Ct. 1244, 140 L.Ed.2d 387 (1998) ). . . . See Woodard, 523 U.S. at 289, 118 S.Ct. 1244 (O'Connor, J., concurring) ("[J]udicial intervention might . . . Dist. of Cal., 503 U.S. 653, 654, 112 S.Ct. 1652, 118 L.Ed.2d 293 (1992) (per curiam) ("Equity must take . . . Thompson, 523 U.S. 538, 556, 118 S.Ct. 1489, 140 L.Ed.2d 728 (1998) (citations and quotation marks omitted . . .

GUPTA, v. MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY, LLC,, 934 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Adams , 532 U.S. 105, 118-19, 121 S.Ct. 1302, 149 L.Ed.2d 234 (2001). . . .

BIONDO, v. KALEDIA HEALTH, d b a, 935 F.3d 68 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . School Dist., 524 U.S. 274, 290, 118 S.Ct. 1989, 141 L.Ed.2d 277 (1998) ). . . . That is, none was an "official," Loeffler, 582 F.3d at 276 (quoting Gebser, 524 U.S. at 290, 118 S.Ct . . .

BENTLEY, v. AUTOZONERS, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 76 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ellerth , 524 U.S. 742, 761, 118 S.Ct. 2257, 141 L.Ed.2d 633 (1998) ). . . . Ellerth , 524 U.S. at 762, 118 S.Ct. 2257 (observing that "supervisor has been empowered by the company . . .

S. BLEDSOE, v. VANDERBILT,, 934 F.3d 1112 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fletcher, 522 U.S. 118, 127, 118 S.Ct. 502, 139 L.Ed.2d 471 (1997) (emphasis added) (quoting Malley v . . . New Jersey, 222 F.3d 118, 122 (3d Cir. 2000) (considering prosecutorial misconduct consisting of coercing . . .

A. VAN BUSKIRK A. v. UNITED GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. DCG LLC, DCG UGOC II, LLC, J. F. MCM LLC, LLC, F. F. W. Jr., 935 F.3d 49 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Morgan Stanley & Co. , 772 F.3d 111, 118 (2d Cir. 2014). . . . Maine , 118 F.3d 37, 53 (1st Cir. 1997) ("[W]e reiterate our view that, where a party has had an opportunity . . .

NEW YORK STATE CITIZENS COALITION FOR CHILDREN, v. J. POOLE,, 935 F.3d 56 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Artist M. , 503 U.S. 347, 356, 112 S.Ct. 1360, 118 L.Ed.2d 1 (1992) (quoting Pennhurst , 451 U.S. at . . .

A. CARVELLI, v. OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, M. R. Jr., 934 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . those found in the following pages and throughout this opinion-are taken from the Retirement System's 118 . . .

MEJIA- RAMOS, v. P. BARR,, 934 F.3d 789 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . I.N.S., 118 F.3d 594, 598 (8th Cir. 1997). . . . Quomsieh, 479 F.3d at 605 (alteration in original) (quoting Feleke, 118 F.3d at 598 ). . . .

MENAKER, v. HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,, 935 F.3d 20 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ellerth , 524 U.S. 742, 754, 118 S. . . . Ellerth , 524 U.S. at 754-55, 118 S. . . . Id. at 758, 118 S. Ct. 2257 (quoting the Restatement (Second) of Agency § 219(2) ). . . . Id. at 761-62, 118 S. Ct. 2257. . . . Sundowner Offshore Servs. , 523 U.S. 75, 80, 118 S. Ct. 998, 140 L.Ed.2d 201 (1998). . . .

UNITED STATES v. SCANZANI,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 210 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . (quoting Knights , 534 U.S. at 118-19, 122 S.Ct. 587 ). . . . Id. at 118, 122 S.Ct. 587. . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Williamson , 118 Idaho 37, 794 P.2d 626, 629 (1990) ; Riverside Dev. Co. v. . . .

SANOFI- AVENTIS U. S. LLC, IP, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, INC. Dr. s USA, LLC, LLC, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Genentech, Inc. , 549 U.S. 118, 127, 127 S.Ct. 764, 166 L.Ed.2d 604 (2007) (alteration in original) ( . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. BROWN, v. N., 934 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Escondido , 503 U.S. 519, 534, 112 S.Ct. 1522, 118 L.Ed.2d 153 (1992) ; see also Hi-Tech Pharm . . .

LILLY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK NYPD No. NYPD No., 934 F.3d 222 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Consistent with the order entered by this Court on October 18, 2013, ECF No. 118, we use the short-form . . .

DOCTOR S ASSOCIATES, INC. v. ALEMAYEHU,, 934 F.3d 245 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Trilegiant Corp. , 697 F.3d 110, 118 (2d Cir. 2012) (internal citations, quotation marks, and alterations . . .

ESTATE OF ROMAIN, v. CITY OF GROSSE POINTE FARMS A. J., 935 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lewis , 523 U.S. 833, 847 n.8, 118 S.Ct. 1708, 140 L.Ed.2d 1043 (1998). . . . Lewis , 523 U.S. at 849, 118 S.Ct. 1708. . . . Compare id. at 848-54, 118 S.Ct. 1708, with id. at 863-64, 118 S.Ct. 1708 (Scalia, J., concurring in . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Khan , 522 U.S. 3, 10, 118 S.Ct. 275, 139 L.Ed.2d 199 (1997). . . .

EFFEX CAPITAL, LLC, v. NATIONAL FUTURES ASSOCIATION,, 933 F.3d 882 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Static Control Components, Inc. , 572 U.S. 118, 134 S. Ct. 1377, 1388, 188 L.Ed.2d 392 (2014). . . . First Nat'l Bank & Trust Co. , 522 U.S. 479, 492, 118 S.Ct. 927, 140 L.Ed.2d 1 (1998) (quoting Ass'n . . . Pollard , 565 U.S. 118, 120, 132 S.Ct. 617, 181 L.Ed.2d 606 (2012) ; a due process suit against officials . . .

J. BAUWENS, v. REVCON TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC., 935 F.3d 534 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ferbar Corp. of Cal., Inc. , 522 U.S. 192, 195, 118 S.Ct. 542, 139 L.Ed.2d 553 (1997). . . . Bay Area Laundry, 522 U.S. at 202, 118 S.Ct. 542. . . . Id. at 206-10, 118 S.Ct. 542. . . . Id. at 209 n.5, 118 S.Ct. 542 ; Central States, Se. and Sw. Areas Pension Fund v. Basic Am. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MARCHAN,, 935 F.3d 540 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Magana , is informative. 118 F.3d 1173 (7th Cir. 1997). . . . Magana , 118 F.3d at 1180-1184. . . .

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GUN RIGHTS, INC. v. MANGAN, G. J., 933 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sorrell , 758 F.3d 118, 132 (2d Cir. 2014) ; Nat'l Org. for Marriage v. . . .

NAUMOVSKI, v. NORRIS, 934 F.3d 200 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Back , 365 F.3d at 118 n.7 (recognizing claims where the defendants do not "discriminate against the . . . Back , 365 F.3d at 118. . . . Ellerth , 524 U.S. 742, 758-59, 118 S. . . . Ellerth , 524 U.S. at 754, 118 S. . . . Dist. , 524 U.S. 274, 290-91, 118 S. Ct. 1989, 141 L.Ed.2d 277 (1998). . . .

CLARK, v. WARDEN,, 934 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Barrow , 118 F.3d 482, 487-88 (6th Cir. 1997) )). . . .

UNITED STATES v. NG LAP SENG, Ng, Ng W. C., 934 F.3d 110 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 522 U.S. at 56, 118 S.Ct. 469. . . . See supra at pp. 118-19. . . . United States , 522 U.S. at 58, 118 S.Ct. 469 (collecting cases evidencing split). . . . United States , 522 U.S. at 58, 118 S.Ct. 469. . . . See supra at pp. 118-19, 120-21. . . .

HAVLISH, v. FIFTH AVENUE COMPANY, Co., 934 F.3d 174 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 118. B. Pleadings, Early Developments, and Summary Judgment 1. . . . Columbia Pictures Television, Inc. , 523 U.S. 340, 345, 118 S.Ct. 1279, 140 L.Ed.2d 438 (1998). . . .

KIRSCHENBAUM, v. ASSA CORPORATION, Co., 934 F.3d 191 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 118. . . .

BAKALIAN v. CENTRAL BANK OF REPUBLIC OF TURKEY T. C. v. T. C. v. T. C. v. T. C., 932 F.3d 1229 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Citizens for a Better Env't , 523 U.S. 83, 98, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (warning courts . . . (quoting Steel Co. , 523 U.S. at 98, 118 S.Ct. 1003 ); see also Sherrod v. . . .

FREEDOM FROM RELIGION FOUNDATION, INC. v. COUNTY OF LEHIGH,, 933 F.3d 275 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Citizens for a Better Env't , 523 U.S. 83, 91, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) ("[D]rive-by jurisdictional . . .

FURGESS, v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, 933 F.3d 285 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Yeskey , 524 U.S. 206, 210, 118 S.Ct. 1952, 141 L.Ed.2d 215 (1998) (state prisons are subject to the . . . Dep't of Corr ., 118 F.3d 168, 170 (3d Cir. 1997), aff'd sub nom . 524 U.S. 206, 118 S.Ct. 1952, 141 . . . See Yeskey , 118 F.3d at 171. 28 C.F.R. pt. 35, App. . . .

L. ROMANSKY, v. SUPERINTENDENT GREENE SCI, 933 F.3d 293 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Davis , 112 F.3d 118, 122 (3d Cir. 1997) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PEDROZA- ROCHA,, 933 F.3d 490 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kemna , 523 U.S. 1, 118 S.Ct. 978, 140 L.Ed.2d 43 (1998), requires this court to dismiss this case as . . . Id. at 8, 118 S.Ct. 978. . . . Id. at 15, 118 S.Ct. 978. . . .

PARENT PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY LEAGUE M. W. a F. D. S. S. a S. Y. v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS J., 934 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Static Control Components, Inc., 572 U.S. 118, 126, 134 S.Ct. 1377, 188 L.Ed.2d 392 (2014) (internal . . .

BOUCHER, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,, 934 F.3d 530 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . USDA Br. at 31, citing Corps Supplement at 118 (emphasis added here). . . . that destroy hydrology indicators, and other factors.' " Id. at 31-32, quoting Corps Supplement at 118 . . . Id. , quoting Corps Supplement at 118, 121. . . . Corps Supplement at 118. . . . Corps Supplement at 118. . . .

UNITED STATES v. JOHNSON,, 932 F.3d 965 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Citizens for a Better Env't , 523 U.S. 83, 95, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998). . . .

CHAVEZ, De E. De De De v. OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a, 933 F.3d 186 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 118 So.3d 1011, 1022 (La. 2012) (brackets omitted)). . . .

ALBANY AIRPORT HIE, LLC HIE LLC, v. HANOVER INSURANCE GROUP, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 193 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Co., 702 F.3d 118, 121 (2d Cir. 2012). . . .

LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA, AFL- CIO v. CITY OF NEW YORK, 392 F. Supp. 3d 361 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Visa U.S.A., Inc. , 396 F.3d 96, 118 (2d Cir. 2005). 3. . . . City of New York , 118 F. . . . (See, e.g. , id. at 114, 117, 119 ("Strategy meeting regarding matter"); 116, 118, 120 ("Attorney meeting . . .

KORTRIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, TY v. INVESTCORP INVESTMENT ADVISERS LIMITED,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 382 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Xerox Corp., 811 F.2d 118, 123-24 (2d Cir. 1987) ("Promises of future conduct are not actionable as negligent . . .

In MATTER OF SHERWIN ALUMINA COMPANY, L. L. C. v. L. L. C. INC., 932 F.3d 404 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson , 503 U.S. 393, 398, 112 S.Ct. 1386, 118 L.Ed.2d 39 (1992) ("In the absence of any controlling . . .

BERGAMATTO, v. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE NYSA ILA PENSION FUND, 933 F.3d 257 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Groves , 803 F.2d at 111, 118 ; see also Haberern v. Kaupp Vascular Surgeons Ltd. . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS,, 933 F.3d 605 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 524 U.S. 184, 191, 118 S.Ct. 1939, 141 L.Ed.2d 197 (1998). . . .

O. CAMPOS, v. COOK COUNTY,, 932 F.3d 972 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lewis , 523 U.S. 833, 845, 118 S.Ct. 1708, 140 L.Ed.2d 1043 (1998) ; Idris v. . . . See Lewis , 523 U.S. at 845, 118 S.Ct. 1708 ; Belcher , 497 F.3d at 753 (7th Cir. 2007). . . . a later defect in his or her appointment comes to light-to Merit Board decisions. 427 Ill.Dec. 379, 118 . . .

STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, v. MIZUNO,, 933 F.3d 1030 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . First Fire & Casualty Insurance of Hawai'i, Inc. , 118 Hawai'i 123, 185 P.3d 871 (2008). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PRADO,, 933 F.3d 121 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Citizens for Better Env't , 523 U.S. 83, 90, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) ). . . . Schooner Charming Betsy, 2 Cranch 64, 118, 6 U.S. 64, 2 L.Ed. 208 (1804) ("[A]n act of congress ought . . .

UNITED STATES v. J. JOHNSON,, 933 F.3d 540 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Colon , 118 Ohio St.3d 26, 885 N.E.2d 917, 921 (2008), the state was required to prove recklessness because . . .

FRYE, v. CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC., 933 F.3d 591 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Praprotnik , 485 U.S. 112, 118-20, 108 S.Ct. 915, 99 L.Ed.2d 107 (1988) ("Although the same legal issue . . .

SINKLER, v. A. BERRYHILL,, 932 F.3d 83 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Apfel , 524 U.S. 266, 270-71, 118 S.Ct. 1984, 141 L.Ed.2d 269 (1998) (holding sentence four remand appealable . . .

VIRNETX INC. v. APPLE INC., 931 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Genentech, Inc. , 549 U.S. 118, 132 n.11, 127 S.Ct. 764, 166 L.Ed.2d 604 (2007) ; see also Telcordia . . . case and every matter in controversy in it decided in a single appeal." 141 U.S. 661, 665, 12 S.Ct. 118 . . .

UNITED STATES v. COLLIER,, 932 F.3d 1067 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Knights , 534 U.S. 112, 118, 122 S.Ct. 587, 151 L.Ed.2d 497 (2001) ). . . .

ALLSTATE INDEMNITY COMPANY, v. DIXON, 932 F.3d 696 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Estes, 118 F. Supp. 2d 968, 974 (E.D. Mo. 2000), aff'd, 16 F. . . .

ORDUNO, v. PIETRZAK, v., 932 F.3d 710 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ellerth , 524 U.S. 742, 755-56, 758-60, 118 S.Ct. 2257, 141 L.Ed.2d 633 (1998) ; Am. Soc'y of Mech. . . . Law Inst. 1958) ; see also Ellerth , 524 U.S. at 758-59, 118 S.Ct. 2257. . . .

CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION v. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL PENSION FUND,, 932 F.3d 91 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 524 U.S. 125, 129, 118 S.Ct. 1911, 141 L.Ed.2d 111 (1998) (using "crude[ ]" corpus linguistics . . .

UNITED STATES v. PORTER,, 933 F.3d 226 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Citizens for a Better Env't , 523 U.S. 83, 94, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998) (quoting Mansfield . . .

UNITED STATES v. BOSYK,, 933 F.3d 319 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ramirez , 523 U.S. 65, 71, 118 S.Ct. 992, 140 L.Ed.2d 191 (1998) ("[I]n determining the lawfulness of . . .

POWER Al B. LLC, v. ERIE FAMILY LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 587 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Static Control Components, Inc., 572 U.S. 118, 126, 134 S.Ct. 1377, 188 L.Ed.2d 392 (2014) ; Adams v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HERNANDEZ- MIESES,, 931 F.3d 134 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Winston, 444 F.3d at 118. 1. . . . Winston, 444 F.3d at 118. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MATHIS, a k a a k a a k a D- v. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a v. a k a a k a K. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a a k a, 932 F.3d 242 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 522 U.S. 52, 65, 118 S.Ct. 469, 139 L.Ed.2d 352 (1997) ). . . . Salinas , 522 U.S. at 63-64, 118 S.Ct. 469. . . .

MORENO- MARTINEZ, v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 461 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Citizens for a Better Env't , 523 U.S. 83, 91, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998). . . .