Florida Statutes

Fla. Stat. § 197.182 (2025)

Department of Revenue to pass upon and order refunds.

✓ 2025 Florida Statutes — current through the 2025 Regular Session

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197.182 Department of Revenue to pass upon and order refunds.—

(1)(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d), the department shall pass upon and order refunds if payment of taxes assessed on the county tax rolls has been made voluntarily or involuntarily under any of the following circumstances:

1. An overpayment has been made.

2. A payment has been made when no tax was due.

3. A bona fide controversy exists between the tax collector and the taxpayer as to the liability of the taxpayer for the payment of the tax claimed to be due, the taxpayer pays the amount claimed by the tax collector to be due, and it is finally adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction that the taxpayer was not liable for the payment of the tax or any part thereof.

4. A payment for a delinquent tax has been made in error by a taxpayer to the tax collector and within 12 months after the date of the erroneous payment and before any transfer of the assessed property to a third party for consideration, the party seeking a refund makes demand for reimbursement of the erroneous payment upon the owner of the property on which the taxes were erroneously paid and reimbursement of the erroneous payment is not received within 45 days after such demand. The demand for reimbursement must be sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, and a copy of the demand must be sent to the tax collector. If the payment was made in error by the taxpayer because of an error in the tax notice sent to the taxpayer, refund must be made as provided in paragraph (d).

5. A payment for a tax that has not become delinquent, has been made in error by a taxpayer to the tax collector and within 18 months after the date of the erroneous payment and before any transfer of the assessed property to a third party for consideration, the party seeking a refund makes a demand for reimbursement of the erroneous payment upon the owner of the property on which the taxes were erroneously paid, and reimbursement of the erroneous payment is not received within 45 days after such demand. The demand for reimbursement must be sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, and a copy of the demand must be sent to the tax collector. If the payment was made in error by the taxpayer because of an error in the tax notice sent to the taxpayer, refund must be made as provided in paragraph (d).

6. A payment is made for a tax certificate that is subsequently corrected or amended or is subsequently determined to be void under s. 197.443.

(b) Refunds that have been ordered by a court and refunds that do not result from changes made in the assessed value on a tax roll certified to the tax collector shall be made directly by the tax collector without order from the department and shall be made from undistributed funds without approval of the various taxing authorities.

(c) Overpayments in the amount of $10 or less may be retained by the tax collector unless a written claim for a refund is received from the taxpayer. Overpayments of more than $10 resulting from taxpayer error, if identified within the 4-year period of limitation, shall be automatically refunded to the taxpayer. Such refunds do not require approval from the department.

(d) If a payment has been made in error by a taxpayer because of an error in the tax notice sent to the taxpayer, refund must be made directly by the tax collector and does not require approval from the department. At the request of the taxpayer, the amount paid in error may be applied by the tax collector to the taxes for which the taxpayer is liable.

(e) Claims for refunds must be made pursuant to the rules of the department. A refund may not be granted unless a claim for the refund is made within 4 years after January 1 of the tax year for which the taxes were paid.

(f) Upon receipt of the department’s written denial of a refund, the tax collector shall issue the denial in writing to the taxpayer.

(g) If funds are available from current receipts subject to subsection (3) and a refund is approved, the taxpayer shall receive a refund within 100 days after a claim for refund is made, unless the tax collector, property appraiser, or department states good cause for remitting the refund after that date. The time periods stated in this paragraph and paragraphs (i) through (l) are directory and may be extended by a maximum of an additional 60 days if good cause is stated.

(h) If the taxpayer contacts the property appraiser first, the property appraiser shall refer the taxpayer to the tax collector.

(i) If a correction to the roll by the property appraiser is required as a condition for the refund, the tax collector shall, within 30 days, advise the property appraiser of the taxpayer’s application for a refund and forward the application to the property appraiser.

(j) The property appraiser has 30 days after receipt of the form from the tax collector to correct the roll if a correction is permissible by law. Within the 30-day period, the property appraiser shall advise the tax collector in writing of whether the roll has been corrected and state the reasons why the roll was corrected or not corrected.

(k) If the refund requires an order from the department, the tax collector shall forward the claim for refund to the department upon receipt of the correction from the property appraiser or 30 days after the claim for refund, whichever occurs first. This provision does not apply to corrections resulting in refunds of less than $2,500, which the tax collector shall make directly without order from the department from undistributed funds without approval of the various taxing authorities.

(l) The department shall approve or deny a claim for a refund within 30 days after receiving the claim from the tax collector, unless good cause is stated for delaying the approval or denial beyond that date.

(m) Subject to and after meeting the requirements of s. 194.171 and this section, an action to contest a denial of refund must be brought within 60 days after the date the tax collector sends the denial to the taxpayer. The tax collector may send notice of the denial electronically or by postal mail. Electronic transmission may be used only with the express consent of the property owner. If the notice of denial is sent electronically and is returned as undeliverable, a second notice must be sent. However, the original electronic transmission is the official mailing for the purpose of this section.

(n) In computing any time period under this section, if the last day of the period is a Saturday, Sunday, or legal holiday, the period is extended to the next working day.

(2) If the department orders a refund, the department shall forward a copy of its order to the tax collector who shall determine the pro rata share due by each taxing authority. The tax collector shall make the refund from undistributed funds held for that taxing authority and shall identify such refund as a reduction in the next distribution. If the undistributed funds are not sufficient for the refund, the tax collector shall notify the taxing authority of the shortfall. The taxing authority shall:

(a) Authorize the tax collector to make refund and forward to the tax collector its pro rata share of the refund from currently budgeted funds, if available; or

(b) Notify the tax collector that the taxing authority does not have funds currently available and provide for the payment of the refund in its budget for the next year.

(3) A refund ordered by the department pursuant to this section shall be made by the tax collector in one aggregate amount composed of all the pro rata shares of the several taxing authorities concerned, except that a partial refund is allowed if one or more of the taxing authorities concerned do not have funds currently available to pay their pro rata shares of the refund and this would cause an unreasonable delay in the total refund. A statement by the tax collector explaining the refund shall accompany the refund payment. If taxes become delinquent as a result of a refund pursuant to subparagraph (1)(a)5. or paragraph (1)(d), the tax collector shall notify the property owner that the taxes have become delinquent and that a tax certificate will be sold if the taxes are not paid within 30 days after the date of delinquency.

(4) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to authorize any taxing authority to make any tax levy in excess of the maximum authorized by the constitution or the laws of this state.

History.—s. 136, ch. 85-342; ss. 3, 7, ch. 91-295; s. 3, ch. 98-139; ss. 1, 11, ch. 2000-312; s. 6, ch. 2002-18; s. 1, ch. 2005-96; s. 8, ch. 2011-151.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 9 cases, 1994–2006 · leading case: State, Dept. of Revenue v. Stafford, 646 So. 2d 803 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994).

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State, Dept. of Revenue v. Stafford, 646 So. 2d 803 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994). · cites it 14× “We grant the petition for writ of prohibition because respondent FDIC did not comply with the jurisdictional requirements of section 194.”

Sartori v. Dep't of Revenue, 714 So. 2d 1136 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998). · cites it 9× “He further argues that, under section 197.182, Florida Statutes (1995), and rule 12D-8.”

In Re Polygraphex Sys., Inc., 275 B.R. 408 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2002). · cites it 6× “Then these entities have three alternative methods to comply with the refund order: (1) authorize payment from the "undistributed funds held for that taxing authority by the tax collector,” (2) make payments from currently budgeted funds, if available, or (3) notify the tax…”

Davis v. MacEdonia Hous. Auth., 641 So. 2d 131 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994). · cites it 5× “" § 197.182(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (1993). Because Macedonia Housing Authority does not contest its tax assessment, within the meaning of section 194.”

Hidden Bay Master Ass'n, Inc. v. Miami-Dade Cnty. Dep't of Prop. Appraisal, 938 So. 2d 599 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006). · cites it 5× “021, Florida Administrative Code, or alternatively, within four (4) years of the tax year for which the taxes were paid pursuant to section 197.182, Florida Statutes (2001).”

State, Dept., Revenue v. Gerald Sohn, 654 So. 2d 249 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995). · cites it 3× “That case holds that an action for a refund is limited to those circumstances set forth in section 197.182, Florida Statutes, and it cannot be used as a subterfuge to revisit the assessment.”

Dep't of Revenue v. Pepperidge Farm, Inc., 847 So. 2d 575 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). · cites it 4× “5th DCA 1998) (holding that where the taxpayer never challenged the county’s judgment regarding the value of equipment, but only challenged the classification of the property, the taxpayer had four years within which to file, suit under section 197.182). Further, as the trial…”

Olde Florida Investments, Ltd. v. Port of the Islands Cmty. Improvement Dist. (In Re Olde Florida Investments, Ltd.), 293 B.R. 531 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2003). “§ 197.182 (1)(c), exceptions contained in Fla.”

Todora v. Silverstein, 889 So. 2d 177 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004). · cites it 2× “Silverstein the maximum benefit that could be provided under a four-year statute of limitations, pursuant to section 197.182, Florida Statutes (2002).”

— 197.182(1)(a)(1) — 1 case

State, Dept. of Revenue v. Stafford, 646 So. 2d 803 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994). “We grant the petition for writ of prohibition because respondent FDIC did not comply with the jurisdictional requirements of section 194.”

— 197.182(1)(b) — 1 case

Davis v. MacEdonia Hous. Auth., 641 So. 2d 131 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994). “" § 197.182(1)(b), Fla. Stat. (1993). Because Macedonia Housing Authority does not contest its tax assessment, within the meaning of section 194.”

— 197.182(1)(c) — 3 cases

Sartori v. Dep't of Revenue, 714 So. 2d 1136 (Fla. 5th DCA 1998). “He further argues that, under section 197.182, Florida Statutes (1995), and rule 12D-8.”

Hidden Bay Master Ass'n, Inc. v. Miami-Dade Cnty. Dep't of Prop. Appraisal, 938 So. 2d 599 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006). “021, Florida Administrative Code, or alternatively, within four (4) years of the tax year for which the taxes were paid pursuant to section 197.182, Florida Statutes (2001).”

— 197.182(l)(b) — 1 case

In Re Polygraphex Sys., Inc., 275 B.R. 408 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2002). “Then these entities have three alternative methods to comply with the refund order: (1) authorize payment from the "undistributed funds held for that taxing authority by the tax collector,” (2) make payments from currently budgeted funds, if available, or (3) notify the tax…”

— 197.182(l)(e) — 1 case

Dep't of Revenue v. Pepperidge Farm, Inc., 847 So. 2d 575 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). “5th DCA 1998) (holding that where the taxpayer never challenged the county’s judgment regarding the value of equipment, but only challenged the classification of the property, the taxpayer had four years within which to file, suit under section 197.182). Further, as the trial…”

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