Florida Statute 381.028 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research

The 2024 Florida Statutes

Title XXIX
PUBLIC HEALTH

Chapter 381
PUBLIC HEALTH: GENERAL PROVISIONS

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F.S. 381.028

381.028 Adverse medical incidents.—

(1) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the “Patients’ Right-to-Know About Adverse Medical Incidents Act.”

(2) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this act to implement s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution. The Legislature finds that this section of the State Constitution is intended to grant patient access to records of adverse medical incidents, which records were made or received in the course of business by a health care facility or provider, and not to repeal or otherwise modify existing laws governing the use of these records and the information contained therein. The Legislature further finds that all existing laws extending criminal and civil immunity to persons providing information to quality-of-care committees or organizations and all existing laws concerning the discoverability or admissibility into evidence of records of an adverse medical incident in any judicial or administrative proceeding remain in full force and effect.

(3) DEFINITIONS.—As used in s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution and this act, the term:

(a) “Agency” means the Agency for Health Care Administration.

(b) “Adverse medical incident” means medical negligence, intentional misconduct, and any other act, neglect, or default of a health care facility or health care provider which caused or could have caused injury to or the death of a patient, including, but not limited to, those incidents that are required by state or federal law to be reported to any governmental agency or body, incidents that are reported to any governmental agency or body, and incidents that are reported to or reviewed by any health care facility peer review, risk management, quality assurance, credentials, or similar committee or any representative of any such committee.

(d) “Have access to any records” means, in addition to any other procedure for producing the records provided by general law, making the records available for inspection and copying upon formal or informal request by the patient or a representative of the patient, provided that current records that have been made publicly available by publication or on the Internet may be provided by reference to the location at which the records are publicly available.

(e) “Health care provider” means a physician licensed under chapter 458, chapter 459, or chapter 461.

(f) “Health care facility” means a facility licensed under chapter 395.

(g) “Identity” means any “individually identifiable health information” as defined by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 or its implementing regulations.

(h) “Patient” means an individual who has sought, is seeking, is undergoing, or has undergone care or treatment in a health care facility or by a health care provider.

(i) “Privacy restrictions imposed by federal law” means the provisions relating to the disclosure of patient privacy information under federal law, including, but not limited to, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Pub. L. No. 104-191, and its implementing regulations, the Federal Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. s. 552(a), and its implementing regulations, and any other federal law, including, but not limited to, federal common law and decisional law, that would prohibit the disclosure of patient privacy information.

(j) “Records” means the final report of any adverse medical incident. Medical records that are not the final report of any adverse medical incident, including drafts or other nonfinal versions; notes; and any documents or portions thereof which constitute, contain, or reflect any attorney-client communications or any attorney-client work product may not be considered “records” for purposes of s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution and this act.

(k) “Representative of the patient” means a parent of a minor patient, a court-appointed guardian for the patient, a health care surrogate, or a person holding a power of attorney or notarized consent appropriately executed by the patient granting permission to a health care facility or health care provider to disclose the patient’s health care information to that person. In the case of a deceased patient, the term also means the personal representative of the estate of the deceased patient; the deceased patient’s surviving spouse, surviving parent, or surviving adult child; the parent or guardian of a surviving minor child of the deceased patient; or the attorney for any such person.

(4) PATIENTS’ RIGHT OF ACCESS.—Patients have a right to have access to any records made or received in the course of business by a health care facility or health care provider relating to any adverse medical incident. In providing access to these records, the health care facility or health care provider may not disclose the identity of patients involved in the incidents and shall maintain any privacy restrictions imposed by federal law.

(5) APPLICABILITY.—Section 25, Art. X of the State Constitution applies to records created, incidents occurring, and actions pending on or after November 2, 2004. Section 25, Art. X of the State Constitution does not apply to records created, incidents occurring, or actions pending before November 2, 2004. A patient requesting records on or after November 2, 2008, shall be eligible to receive records created within 4 years before the date of the request.

(6) USE OF RECORDS.—

(a) This section does not repeal or otherwise alter any existing restrictions on the discoverability or admissibility of records relating to adverse medical incidents otherwise provided by law, including, but not limited to, those contained in ss. 395.0191, 395.0193, 395.0197, 766.101, and 766.1016, or repeal or otherwise alter any immunity provided to, or prohibition against compelling testimony by, persons providing information or participating in any peer review panel, medical review committee, hospital committee, or other hospital board otherwise provided by law, including, but not limited to, ss. 395.0191, 395.0193, 766.101, and 766.1016.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by act of the Legislature, records of adverse medical incidents, including any information contained therein, obtained under s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution, are not discoverable or admissible into evidence and may not be used for any purpose, including impeachment, in any civil or administrative action against a health care facility or health care provider. This includes information relating to performance or quality improvement initiatives and information relating to the identity of reviewers, complainants, or any person providing information contained in or used in, or any person participating in the creation of the records of adverse medical incidents.

(7) PRODUCTION OF RECORDS.—

(a) Pursuant to s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution, the adverse medical incident records to which a patient is granted access are those of the facility or provider of which he or she is a patient and which pertain to any adverse medical incident affecting the patient or any other patient which involves the same or substantially similar condition, treatment, or diagnosis as that of the patient requesting access.

(b)1. Using the process provided in s. 395.0197, the health care facility shall be responsible for identifying records as records of an adverse medical incident, as defined in s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution.

2. Using the process provided in s. 458.351, the health care provider shall be responsible for identifying records as records of an adverse medical incident, as defined in s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution, occurring in an office setting.

(c)1. Fees charged by a health care facility for copies of records requested by a patient under s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution may not exceed the reasonable and actual cost of complying with the request, including a reasonable charge for the staff time necessary to search for records and prevent the disclosure of the identity of any patient involved in the adverse medical incident through redaction or other means as required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 or its implementing regulations. The health care facility may require payment, in full or in part, before acting on the records request.

2. Fees charged by a health care provider for copies of records requested by a patient under s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution may not exceed the amount established under s. 456.057(17), which may include a reasonable charge for the staff time necessary to prevent the disclosure of the identity of any patient involved in the adverse medical incident through redaction or other means as required by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 or its implementing regulations. The health care provider may require payment, in full or in part, before acting on the records request.

(d)1. Requests for production of adverse medical incident records shall be processed by the health care facility or health care provider in a timely manner, after having a reasonable opportunity to determine whether or not the requested record is a record subject to disclosure and to prevent the disclosure of the identity of any patient involved in the adverse medical incident through redaction or other means.

2. A request for production of records must be submitted in writing and must identify the patient requesting access to the records by name, address, and the last four digits of the patient’s social security number; describe the patient’s condition, treatment, or diagnosis; and provide the name of the health care providers whose records are being sought.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2005-265; s. 5, ch. 2006-271; s. 75, ch. 2007-5; s. 5, ch. 2013-108.

F.S. 381.028 on Google Scholar

F.S. 381.028 on Casetext

Amendments to 381.028

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 381.028

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 381.028.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases Citing Statute 381.028

Total Results: 20

Amber Edwards v. Larry D. Thomas, M.D.

Court: Fla. | Date Filed: 2017-10-26T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 229 So. 3d 277

Snippet: ordinary course of ... business”); see also § 381.028(3)0*), Fla. Stat. (2010) (defining “records” for

Bartow HMA, LLC v. Kirkland

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2015-07-31T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 171 So. 3d 783, 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 11561, 2015 WL 4621323

Snippet: the statutory protections set forth in sections 381.028(6)(b), 395.0191(8), 395.0193(8), and 766.101(5)

Myriam Ampuero-Martinez, etc. v. Cedars Healthcare Group, etc.

Court: Fla. | Date Filed: 2014-01-30T00:00:00-08:00

Citation: 139 So. 3d 271, 2014 WL 321822

Snippet: patient requesting access.” Id. (citing § 381.028(7)(a), Fla. Stat. (2010)). The district court held…this Court declared subsection (7)(a) of section 381.028, Florida Statutes, invalid, as it “unconstitutionally

Cedars Healthcare Group, etc. v. Myriam Ampuero-Martinez, etc.

Court: Fla. | Date Filed: 2014-01-29T23:53:00-08:00

Snippet: the patient requesting access.” Id. (citing § 381.028(7)(a), Fla. Stat. (2010)). The district court held…this Court declared subsection (7)(a) of section 381.028, Florida Statutes, invalid, as it “unconstitutionally

Bartow HMA, LLC v. Kirkland

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2013-11-15T00:00:00-08:00

Citation: 126 So. 3d 1247, 2013 WL 6050895, 2013 Fla. App. LEXIS 18154

Snippet: HCQIA”). Bar-tow Regional also cited to section 381.028, Florida Statutes (2012), which purports to implement…cannot be limited by the application of section 381.028, which purports to implement the amendment. See

West Florida Regional Medical Center, Inc. v. See

Court: Fla. | Date Filed: 2012-01-12T00:00:00-08:00

Citation: 79 So. 3d 1, 37 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 22, 2012 Fla. LEXIS 55, 2012 WL 87282

Snippet: application of section 381.028(7)(b)l. The Florida Legislature enacted section 381.028, Florida Statutes, … id. (citing § 381.028(7)(c)). The Fourth District, in deciding whether section 381.028(7)(b)l was constitutional…implementing legislation for Amendment 7 — i.e., section 381.028, Florida Statutes (2006) — stated that Amendment… Buster, this Court did not invalidate section 381.028(7)(b)l — a subsection of the statute implementing…and its arguments regarding the scope of section 381.028(7) (b)l. West Florida Hospital filed an individual

Cedars Healthcare Group, Ltd. v. Ampuero-Martinez

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2011-09-21T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 88 So. 3d 190, 2011 WL 4374270, 2011 Fla. App. LEXIS 14940

Snippet: diagnosis as the patient requesting access. See § 381.028(7)(a), Fla. Stat. (2010). By not limiting the request

Baldwin v. Shands Teaching Hospital & Clinics, Inc.

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2010-09-23T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 45 So. 3d 118, 2010 Fla. App. LEXIS 14224, 2010 WL 3704933

Snippet: obviously is a health care facility. See, e.g., §§ 381.028(3)(f) (stating "`health care facility'

West Florida Regional Medical Center, Inc. v. See

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2009-09-25T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 18 So. 3d 676, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 14400, 2009 WL 3047396

Snippet: in denying Petitioner the right, under section 381.028(7)(b)1, Florida Statutes (2006), to use the process… costs of production, as authorized by section 381.028(7)(c)1; (5) *681 in rejecting Petitioner's…Additionally, Petitioner argued that, under sections 381.028(7)(b)1 and 395.0197, Florida Statutes (2006), it… of production in advance, pursuant to section 381.028(7)(c)1. These discovery matters proceeded to a … objection and its arguments regarding section 381.028(7)(b)1 &(c)1. On February 9, 2009, the trial

Columbia Hospital Corp. of South Broward v. Fain

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2009-08-19T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 16 So. 3d 236, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 11600, 2009 WL 2516917

Snippet: unconstitutional. Id. at 493 (finding that section 381.028(7)(a), and other portions of this "implementing…litigation. Procedural Protections under Section 381.028 Columbia argues that the trial court failed to …claims of procedural protections under section 381.028, Florida Statutes. The statute provides: "… before acting on the records request." § 381.028(7)(c)1, Fla. Stat. (2008). In Buster, the Florida… Columbia also argues that language in section 381.028(7)(b)1 limits the types of records that it may

Florida Eye Clinic, P.A. v. Gmach

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2009-05-29T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 14 So. 3d 1044, 2009 Fla. App. LEXIS 6557, 2009 WL 1490838

Snippet: legislation implementing amendment 7, section 381.028, Florida Statutes, was unconstitutional in its …Bowen that the implementing legislation, section 381.028, was unconstitutional in its entirety. Id. Instead

North Broward Hosp. Dist. v. Durham

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2008-09-17T00:53:00-07:00

Citation: 991 So. 2d 967

Snippet: Florida Constitution, and codified as section 381.028, Florida Statutes. This amendment provides the

Florida Hosp. Waterman, Inc. v. Buster

Court: Fla. | Date Filed: 2008-03-06T00:00:00-08:00

Citation: 984 So. 2d 478

Snippet: section 381.028 is "to implement s. 25, Art. X of the State Constitution." See § 381.028(2), Fla…adverse medical incidents. § 381.028(3)(4), 7(b), Fla. Stat. (2005). Section 381.028 also provides that fees…also conclude that several subsections of section 381.028, Florida Statutes (2005), conflict with amendment…amendment 7.[3] This is now codified at section 381.028 in the Florida Statutes. *483 This Page Contains… applied to existing records, and that section 381.028 was unconstitutional. 927 So.2d at 145. The court

Tandem Healthcare, Inc. v. Benjamin

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2007-11-20T23:53:00-08:00

Citation: 969 So. 2d 519

Snippet: facility and health care provider found in section 381.028(3), enacted in 2005 to codify Amendment 7. The

AVANTE VILLA AT JACKSONVILLE v. Breidert

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2007-06-05T00:53:00-07:00

Citation: 958 So. 2d 1031

Snippet: Florida Legislature codified Amendment 7 in section 381.028(3), Florida Statutes, and defined "health …adverse medical incidents. While portions of section 381.028 have been previously declared in conflict with … 139, 143 (Fla. 1st DCA 2006) (finding section 381.028, Florida Statutes, unconstitutional because it …Constitution as codified and clarified in section 381.028, Florida Statutes, which excludes nursing homes

North Broward Hosp. Dist. v. Kroll

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2006-11-07T23:53:00-08:00

Citation: 940 So. 2d 1281

Snippet: of Fla. (effective June 20, 2005); see also § 381.028(5), Fla. Stat. (2006). In ordering the production

Notami Hosp. of Florida, Inc. v. Bowen

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2006-04-21T00:53:00-07:00

Citation: 927 So. 2d 139

Snippet: Florida Constitution, is self-executing, and section 381.028, Florida Statutes (2005), enacted to implement …hearing, the trial court concluded: (1) section 381.028 restricted rights granted under the Florida Constitution…conclusion, and discuss them in turn. Section 381.028, Florida Statutes Restricts Constitutional Rights…statutes where there is conflict). *143 Section 381.028, Florida Statutes, purports to implement Amendment… records. Four examples illustrate how section 381.028 restricts constitutional rights. First, article

Florida Hosp. Waterman, Inc. v. Buster

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2006-03-09T23:53:00-08:00

Citation: 932 So. 2d 344

Snippet: June 20, 2005, the Legislature enacted section 381.028, Florida Statutes, to implement the provisions …regarding the processes established in section 381.028 to secure the requested information pursuant to…interpretation of Amendment 7 pronounced in section 381.028. We conclude that the trial court correctly held

BAYFRONT MEDICAL CENTER, INC. v. Neavins

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 2006-02-09T23:53:00-08:00

Citation: 920 So. 2d 185

Snippet: Incidents Act" now codified in section 381.028, Florida Statutes (2005) became law. See ch.2005…article X, section 25 of the Florida Constitution. § 381.028(2). In view of the adoption of legislation designed

City of Leesburg v. Knight

Court: Fla. Dist. Ct. App. | Date Filed: 1964-05-29T00:00:00-07:00

Citation: 164 So. 2d 547, 1964 Fla. App. LEXIS 4294

Snippet: aforesaid pleadings. Losey v. State (1947), 158 Fla. 381, 28 So.2d 604.” And “ * * * the City of Leesburg must… Losey v. State ex rel. Giblin, 1947, 158 Fla. 381, 28 So.2d 604. ****** “We conclude that the ‘unclean