The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIII
REGULATION OF TRADE, COMMERCE, INVESTMENTS, AND SOLICITATIONS

Chapter 525
GASOLINE AND OIL INSPECTION

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CHAPTER 525

GASOLINE AND OIL INSPECTION

525.01 Gasoline and oil to be inspected.

525.02 Analyses of petroleum fuel.

525.035 Mislabeled petroleum fuel.

525.037 Petroleum fuel standards.

525.07 Powers and duties of department; inspections; unlawful acts.

525.08 Department to have access to all stores, warehouses, factories, petroleum terminals, storage houses, and railroad depots.

525.10 Payment of expenses.

525.14 Rules.

525.15 Inspectors not to be interested in sales.

525.16 Administrative fine; penalties; prosecution of cases by state attorney.

525.01 Gasoline and oil to be inspected.—

(1) For the purpose of this chapter:

(a) “Department” means the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

(b) “Petroleum fuel” means all gasoline, kerosene (except when used as aviation turbine fuel), diesel fuel, benzine, other like products of petroleum under whatever name designated, or an alternative fuel used for illuminating, heating, cooking, or power purposes, sold, offered, or exposed for sale in this state.

1. Methanol, denatured ethanol, or other alcohols;

2. Mixtures of gasoline or other fuels with methanol, denatured ethanol, or other alcohols;

3. Hydrogen;

4. Coal-derived liquid fuels; and

5. Fuels, other than alcohol, derived from biological materials.

(2) All petroleum fuels are subject to inspection and analysis by the department. Before selling or offering for sale in this state any petroleum fuel, all manufacturers, terminal suppliers, wholesalers, and importers as defined in s. 206.01 shall file with the department:

(a) An affidavit stating that they desire to do business in this state, and the name and address of the manufacturer of the petroleum fuel.

(b) An affidavit stating that the petroleum fuel is in conformity with the standards prescribed by department rule.

History.—s. 1, ch. 7905, 1919; CGL 3956; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 67, ch. 92-291; s. 1, ch. 94-335; s. 7, ch. 2006-165; s. 24, ch. 2011-205; s. 26, ch. 2013-251.

525.02 Analyses of petroleum fuel.—The department shall collect samples of any petroleum fuel sold, offered, or exposed for sale in this state. Collected samples will be analyzed by the department. The certificate of analysis by the department shall be prima facie evidence in any court of law or equity in this state.

History.—s. 2, ch. 7905, 1919; CGL 3957; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 68, ch. 92-291.

525.035 Mislabeled petroleum fuel.—

(1) It shall be unlawful for any petroleum fuel to be mislabeled in any way.

(2) Petroleum fuel is deemed to be mislabeled:

(a) If the measuring device is labeled so as to misrepresent the product as to quality, content, or performance; or

(b) If the labeling on the measuring device is false or misleading in any particular.

(3) The mislabeled product shall be placed under a stop-sale order by the department and the measuring devices and storage tanks of said product shall be sealed by the department to prohibit sale of said product.

(4) The department shall issue a release order upon correction of the label or removal of said product from the premises in a manner approved by the department.

History.—s. 70, ch. 92-291; s. 2, ch. 94-335.

525.037 Petroleum fuel standards.—

(1) It is unlawful to sell or distribute, or offer for sale or distribution, any petroleum fuel which fails to meet any standard adopted by rule of the department.

(2) The substandard product shall be placed under a stop-sale order by the department and the measuring devices and storage tanks of said product shall be sealed by the department to prohibit sale of said product.

(3) If the product is made to conform to standard or removed from the premises in a manner approved by the department, the department shall issue a release order.

History.—s. 71, ch. 92-291; s. 4, ch. 93-142.

525.07 Powers and duties of department; inspections; unlawful acts.—

(1)(a) The department shall inspect all measuring devices used in selling or distributing petroleum fuel at wholesale and retail.

(b) The department may affix a sticker to each petroleum measuring device. Using only a combination of lettering, numbering, words, or the department logo, the sticker must signify that the device has been inspected by the department and that the device owner is responsible for its proper use and maintenance. Any sticker which has been affixed to a petroleum measuring device by the department which does not meet the specifications of this paragraph must be removed by September 15, 2020. This paragraph expires July 1, 2021.

(2) The department shall define, by rule, the tolerances to be allowed, in excess or deficiency, on all measuring devices.

(3) Each person who owns or manages a petroleum fuel measuring device shall be responsible for ensuring accurate measure by the device within the tolerances defined by the rule. An appropriate security seal shall be placed on all measuring devices found to be giving accurate measure within the tolerances defined by the department in such a way that the metering adjustment cannot be changed without breaking the seal.

(4) A measuring device that is found to be operating outside the tolerances defined by the department shall be deemed inaccurate and the department, at its discretion, shall either:

(a) Give, in writing, the owner or manager of the measuring device a reasonable time to repair the measuring device; or

(b) Condemn or prohibit the further use of the measuring device by using an appropriate security seal to obstruct the mechanism so that it cannot be operated without breaking the seal. The measuring device shall not be operated in this state again without the written consent of the department.

(5) It shall be unlawful for any person to operate any measuring device that has been condemned or prohibited from further use by the department, without the written consent of the department.

(6) It shall be unlawful for any person to install or operate a petroleum fuel measuring device in this state which gives short measure.

(7) It is unlawful for any person to break, cut, or remove any seal applied by the department to a petroleum fuel measuring device or container. If it becomes necessary to repair and adjust a petroleum fuel measuring device during the absence of an inspector of the department, the seal on the meter adjustment may be broken by a person who is registered with the department as a meter mechanic. After repairs and adjustments have been made, the adjusting mechanism must immediately be resealed by the registered meter mechanic with a seal clasp bearing at least the name or initials of the registered mechanic. The registered mechanic shall immediately notify the department of this action.

(8)(a) All persons and service agencies that repair or install petroleum fuel measuring devices must register with the department on forms provided by the department. Any registered person or agency that has installed a petroleum fuel measuring device must report the existence of the petroleum fuel measuring device to the department.

(b) If a vendor has a petroleum fuel measuring device installed by any person or agency that is not registered by the department, that owner must report the existence of the newly installed petroleum fuel measuring device to the department.

(9) All persons and service agencies that adjust the accuracy of a petroleum fuel measuring device must use test measures that have been calibrated with standards traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology within 1 year prior to the date of the adjustment for volumes of less than 500 gallons and within 3 years before the date of the adjustment for volumes of 500 gallons or more.

(10)(a) Each person who owns or operates a retail petroleum fuel measuring device shall have affixed to or installed onto the measuring device a security measure to restrict the unauthorized access of customer payment card information. The security measure must include one or more of the following:

1. The placement and maintenance of pressure-sensitive security tape over the panel opening that leads to the scanning device for the retail petroleum fuel measuring device in a manner that will restrict the unauthorized opening of the panel or the placement and maintenance of pressure-sensitive custom branded security tape unique to the station in more than one location over the panel opening.

2. A device or system that will render the retail petroleum fuel measuring device or the scanning device in the measuring device inoperable if there is an unauthorized opening of the panel.

3. A device or system that encrypts the customer payment card information in the scanning device.

4. A physical locking mechanism that requires an access key unique to each station to restrict the unauthorized access of customer payment card information.

5. A device or system that will sound an alarm to alert the owner or operator if there is an unauthorized opening of the retail petroleum measuring device panel.

6. A daily inspection of each measuring device that includes opening the panels, using an anti-skimmer application that detects wireless-based skimmers, and documenting such inspections.

7. A device or system that permits customers to use a contactless payment method, such as an electronic contact-free system, tap-and-go system, or mobile cryptographic system, for payment that does not use a magnetic strip scanning device.

8. Another security measure approved by the department.

(b) Effective January 1, 2022, the owner or operator of a retail petroleum fuel measuring device shall have affixed to or installed onto the measuring device at least two of the security measures under paragraph (a). The use and maintenance of two security measures on each measuring device by an owner or operator is deemed to be in compliance with this subsection.

(c) A retail petroleum fuel measuring device without a security measure or with an illegal skimming or filtering device or an altered or damaged security measure, upon discovery by the department, shall be prohibited from further use until the security measure is installed, replaced, or repaired. The department may take a retail petroleum fuel measuring device that is in violation of this subsection out of service until compliance is restored.

(d) For purposes of this subsection, the terms “scanning device” and “payment card” have the same meanings as in s. 817.625.

(e) This subsection applies only to retail petroleum fuel measuring devices that have a scanning device.

(f) The department may seize without warrant any skimming device, as defined in s. 817.625, for use as evidence.

(g) The regulation of retail petroleum fuel measuring devices is preempted to the state. The department shall enforce, and may adopt rules to administer, this subsection; however, s. 525.16 may not be used to enforce this section unless the owner or operator of a retail petroleum fuel measuring device has failed to install or implement security measures pursuant to this section or has placed the measuring device back in service before compliance with this section has been restored. However, if noncompliance is the result of damage or alteration after repair by the owner or operator of the security measure, and the owner or operator demonstrates or provides sufficient evidence of such, the department may not use s. 525.16 to enforce this section.

History.—s. 7, ch. 7905, 1919; s. 2, ch. 10134, 1925; CGL 3963, 8119, 8120, 8121, 8122; s. 1, ch. 21883, 1943; s. 10, ch. 26484, 1951; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1, ch. 70-439; s. 505, ch. 71-136; s. 1, ch. 71-152; s. 72, ch. 92-291; s. 3, ch. 94-335; s. 1, ch. 98-38; s. 6, ch. 2007-232; s. 26, ch. 2012-67; s. 2, ch. 2016-173; s. 15, ch. 2018-84; ss. 92, 93, ch. 2019-116; s. 81, ch. 2020-114; s. 1, ch. 2021-97.

525.08 Department to have access to all stores, warehouses, factories, petroleum terminals, storage houses, and railroad depots.—

(1) In the performance of its duties, the department shall have free access during all reasonable hours to any store, warehouse, factory, petroleum terminal, storage house, or railway depot, where petroleum fuels are kept or otherwise stored, for the purpose of:

(a) Examination or inspection of petroleum measuring devices.

(b) Examination, inspection, and collection of samples of petroleum fuel.

(2) If access to the premises is refused by the owner, agent, or manufacturer, the department may apply for an inspection warrant as provided for in chapter 933, which shall be obtained in the same manner as provided for obtaining inspection warrants in other cases.

(3) The refusal to admit the department to any of the above-mentioned premises during reasonable hours shall be construed as prima facie evidence of a violation of this chapter.

History.—s. 8, ch. 7905, 1919; CGL 3964; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 73, ch. 92-291; s. 4, ch. 94-335.

525.10 Payment of expenses.—All expenses incurred in the enforcement of this chapter and other inspection laws of this state for which fees are collected, including acquiring equipment and other property, shall be paid from the General Inspection Trust Fund. No money shall be paid to any inspector or employee created under this chapter except from the funds collected from the administration of this chapter.

History.—s. 10, ch. 7905, 1919; s. 1, ch. 15615, 1931; CGL 3966; s. 2, ch. 61-119; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 75, ch. 92-291; s. 28, ch. 2013-251.

525.14 Rules.—The department shall adopt rules not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter as in its judgment may be necessary to the proper enforcement of this chapter; and define the standards and specifications for all petroleum fuels. The standards and specifications shall be defined before the petroleum fuel may be sold or otherwise dispensed in this state.

History.—s. 14, ch. 7905, 1919; CGL 3970; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 76, ch. 92-291.

525.15 Inspectors not to be interested in sales.—It is unlawful for any inspector to be interested, directly or indirectly, in the manufacturing or sale of any petroleum fuel regulated by this chapter.

History.—s. 15, ch. 7905, 1919; CGL 3971; s. 77, ch. 92-291.

525.16 Administrative fine; penalties; prosecution of cases by state attorney.—

(1)(a) The department may enter an order imposing one or more of the following penalties against a person who violates this chapter or the rules adopted under this chapter or impedes, obstructs, or hinders the department in the performance of its duty in connection with this chapter:

1. Issuance of a warning letter.

2. Imposition of an administrative fine in the Class II category pursuant to s. 570.971 for each violation. When imposing any fine under this section, the department shall consider the degree and extent of harm caused by the violation, the cost of rectifying the damage, the amount of money the violator benefited from by noncompliance, whether the violation was committed willfully, and the compliance record of the violator.

3. Revocation or suspension of any registration issued by the department.

(b) If, 3 years after the date of the last violation under this chapter, a new violation has not occurred at the same location during the proprietorship of the same person, all previous fines shall be disregarded when administering a fine for the next violation.

(2) Any person who knowingly violates any provision of this chapter or any rule adopted by the department commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(3) An entity that sells, offers for sale, distributes, or offers for distribution petroleum or alternative fuels shall ensure that its activities result in petroleum fuels that meet all requirements and standards adopted under s. 525.14. A terminal supplier, wholesaler, or blender licensed under chapter 206 is not liable for injuries or damages resulting from the subsequent blending of petroleum or alternative fuels occurring after the transfer of ownership of such fuels from the terminal supplier, wholesaler, or blender if the petroleum or alternative fuels used to make the petroleum fuel at issue met the requirements and standards adopted under s. 525.14 while under ownership of the terminal supplier, wholesaler, or blender.

(4) The state attorney, or other prosecuting officer within the jurisdiction of whose court the case may come, shall prosecute all cases certified to him or her for prosecution by the department immediately upon receipt of the evidence transmitted by the department, or as soon thereafter as practicable.

(5) In addition to the remedies provided in this chapter, and notwithstanding the existence of any adequate remedy at law, the department may bring an action to enjoin the violation of any provision of this chapter, or rules adopted under this chapter, in the circuit court of the county in which the violation occurs or is about to occur. Upon demonstration of competent and substantial evidence by the department to the court of the violation or threatened violation, the court shall immediately issue the temporary or permanent injunction sought by the department. The injunction shall be issued without bond.

(6) This section may not be used to enforce s. 525.07(10) or rules adopted thereunder unless the owner or operator of a retail petroleum fuel measuring device has failed to install or implement security measures pursuant to s. 525.07(10) or has placed the measuring device back in service before compliance with s. 525.07(10) has been restored. However, if noncompliance is the result of damage or alteration after repair by the owner or operator of the security measure, and the owner or operator demonstrates or provides sufficient evidence of such, the department may not use this section to enforce s. 525.07(10).

History.—s. 17, ch. 7905, 1919; CGL 3972; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 78, ch. 92-291; s. 5, ch. 94-335; s. 713, ch. 97-103; s. 29, ch. 2013-251; s. 13, ch. 2014-147; s. 49, ch. 2014-150; s. 2, ch. 2021-97.

F.S. 525 on Google Scholar

F.S. 525 on Casetext

Amendments to 525

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 525

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S92.525 3 - PERJURY - WITNESS MAKE FALSE WRITTEN DECLARATION - F: T

S525.035 1 - FRAUD - MISLABEL PETROLEUM FUEL - M: F

S525.037 1 - FRAUD - SELL DISTR FUEL FAIL MEET DEPT STANDARD - M: F

S525.07 5 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - OPR PROHIBITED GAS MEASURE DEVICE WO CONSENT - M: F

S525.07 6 - FRAUD - INSTALL OPR GAS MEASURE DVC GIVE SHORT MEASURE - M: F

S525.07 7 - DAMAGE PROP - REMOVE ETC INSPECTION SEAL GAS MEASURE DEVICE - M: F

S525.08 3 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REFUSE DEPT INSPECT PETRO FUEL FACILITY - M: F

S525.16 2 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOL GAS OIL INSPECTION LAW OR RULE - M: F

Civil Citations / Citable Offenses under S525

R or S next to points is Mandatory Revocation or Suspension

S316.525 LOAD NOT SECURE by chain/stays/stanchions/etc. - Points on Drivers License: 0

S316.525 (1) LOAD NOT SECURE by chain/stays/stanchions/etc. - Points on Drivers License: 0

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

LITTLE, v. RECLAIM IDAHO,, 140 S. Ct. 2616 (U.S. 2020)

. . . American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc. , 525 U.S. 182, 191, 119 S.Ct. 636, 142 L.Ed.2d 599 (1999 . . . See Buckley , 525 U.S., at 204-205, 119 S.Ct. 636. . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . PPG Industries, Inc. , 446 U.S. 578, 589, 100 S.Ct. 1889, 64 L.Ed.2d 525 (1980) ). . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . cotton gin license was invalid and severable from the 1915 law that required that showing. 278 U.S., at 525 . . . American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc. , 525 U.S. 182, 186-187, 119 S.Ct. 636, 142 L.Ed.2d 599 . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948). . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Noel Canning , 573 U.S. 513, 525, 134 S.Ct. 2550, 189 L.Ed.2d 538 (2014). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. , 525 U.S. 471, 486, 119 S.Ct. 936, 142 L.Ed.2d 940 (1999) ( . . . 103.5(a)(1), (5), and 1003.23(b)(1), and the Executive always has discretion not to remove, see AAADC , 525 . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. , 525 U.S. 471, 482, 119 S.Ct. 936, 142 L.Ed.2d 940 (1999). . . . terminate proceedings, or decline to execute a final order of deportation.' " Id. , at 168 (quoting Reno , 525 . . . See 525 U.S. at 488, 119 S.Ct. 936 (holding that "an alien unlawfully in this country has no constitutional . . . American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. , 525 U.S. 471, 484, 119 S.Ct. 936, 142 L.Ed.2d 940 (1999) (internal . . . American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. , 525 U.S. 471, 484, 119 S.Ct. 936, 142 L.Ed.2d 940 (1999). . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . § 525 ; 16 U.S.C. § 511. . . .

UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, v. COWPASTURE RIVER PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION LLC, v., 140 S. Ct. 1837 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Offutt , 216 Va. 681, 684, 222 S.E.2d 522, 525 (1976). . . . Ernst & Young , 507 U.S. 170, 178-179, 113 S.Ct. 1163, 122 L.Ed.2d 525 (1993). . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jacobson , 525 U.S. 432, 439-440, 119 S.Ct. 755, 142 L.Ed.2d 881 (1999). . . . See Hughes Aircraft Co. , 525 U.S. at 439-441, 119 S.Ct. 755 ; see also LaRue v. . . . Jacobson , 525 U.S. 432, 119 S.Ct. 755, 142 L.Ed.2d 881 (1999), and LaRue v. . . . does not have "a claim to any particular asset that composes a part of the plan's general asset pool." 525 . . .

GE ENERGY POWER CONVERSION FRANCE SAS, CORP. SAS, v. OUTOKUMPU STAINLESS USA, LLC,, 140 S. Ct. 1637 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Tsui Yuan Tseng , 525 U.S. 155, 175, 119 S.Ct. 662, 142 L.Ed.2d 576 (1999), as well as the "postratification . . .

NASRALLAH, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1683 (U.S. 2020)

. . . American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Comm. , 525 U.S. 471, 482, 119 S.Ct. 936, 142 L.Ed.2d 940 (1999) (stating . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 87-90, 408 P.3d at 523-525. Justice McKinnon dissented. . . . Id. , at 90-101, 408 P.3d at 525-532. We granted certiorari. 587 U. . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . & P. 525, 545-548, 173 Eng. Rep. 941, 950 (N. . . . Oxford , 9 Car. & P. 525, 173 Eng. Rep. 941 (N. . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . clearly its intent to abrogate sovereign immunity for copyright claims against a state." 244 F.Supp.3d 525 . . .

MONASKY, v. TAGLIERI, 140 S. Ct. 719 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Tsui Yuan Tseng , 525 U.S. 155, 176, 119 S.Ct. 662, 142 L.Ed.2d 576 (1999), in turn quoting Air France . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 480 U.S. 522, 525-526, 107 S.Ct. 1391, 94 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987) (per curiam )). . . .

ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHDIOCESE OF SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO v. ACEVEDO FELICIANO,, 140 S. Ct. 696 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hialeah , 508 U.S. 520, 524-525, 113 S.Ct. 2217, 124 L.Ed.2d 472 (1993) ; Fowler v. . . .

COOLEY, v. NATIONAL ABORTION FEDERATION, 140 S. Ct. 905 (U.S. 2020)

. . . NATIONAL ABORTION FEDERATION No. 19-525 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Igbinoso , 791 F.3d 1037, 1039-40 (9th Cir. 2015) ; Kosilek , 774 F.3d at 86 ; De'lonta , 708 F.3d at 525 . . . treatment and GCS, even if medically necessary, violates the Eighth Amendment); De'lonta , 708 F.3d at 525 . . .

RAY, v. COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, v. As, 935 F.3d 703 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Iowa Utilities Bd. , 525 U.S. 366, 385, 119 S.Ct. 721, 142 L.Ed.2d 835 (1999). . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. HOPPER,, 934 F.3d 740 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Garrett , 528 F.3d 525, 530 (7th Cir. 2008) (holding that plain error in calculating the defendant's . . .

SECRETARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR v. BRISTOL EXCAVATING, INC., 935 F.3d 122 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 480 U.S. 522, 525-26, 107 S.Ct. 1391, 94 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987) (per curiam). . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gore , 531 U.S. 98, 104, 121 S.Ct. 525, 148 L.Ed.2d 388 (2000). . . . Bush , 531 U.S. at 104, 121 S.Ct. 525 ; see also McPherson , 146 U.S. at 35, 13 S.Ct. 3 ("In short, the . . . appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct ...."); Bush , 531 U.S. at 104, 121 S.Ct. 525 . . . Bush , 531 U.S. at 104, 121 S.Ct. 525. . . .

MARTINEZ, v. WALGREEN COMPANY,, 935 F.3d 396 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Phillips , 801 S.W.2d 523, 525 (Tex. 1990) ). Id. . . .

SANOFI- AVENTIS U. S. LLC, IP, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, INC. Dr. s USA, LLC, LLC, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948). . . .

ESTATE OF ROMAIN, v. CITY OF GROSSE POINTE FARMS A. J., 935 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Maine , 849 F.3d 521, 525-26 (1st Cir. 2017). . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Patten , 226 U.S. 525, 544, 33 S.Ct. 141, 57 L.Ed. 333 (1913) ). . . .

GREYER, v. ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, v., 933 F.3d 871 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Nussle , 534 U.S. 516, 525, 122 S.Ct. 983, 152 L.Ed.2d 12 (2002) ; and 141 CONG. . . .

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GUN RIGHTS, INC. v. MANGAN, G. J., 933 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Constitutional Law Found., Inc. , 525 U.S. 182, 194-95, 119 S.Ct. 636, 142 L.Ed.2d 599 (1999). . . . Buckley , 525 U.S. at 194-95, 119 S.Ct. 636 (alterations and citations omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. HATAWAY,, 933 F.3d 940 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . (quotation omitted), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 851, 119 S.Ct. 126, 142 L.Ed.2d 102 (1998). . . .

CLARK, v. WARDEN,, 934 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 778 F.3d 525, 535 (6th Cir. 2015) (remanding for an evidentiary hearing because, "[a] . . .

ELI LILLY AND COMPANY, v. HOSPIRA, INC. v. Dr. s Dr. s, 933 F.3d 1320 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948). . . . Gateway, Inc. , 525 F.3d 1200, 1218 (Fed. Cir. 2008) ; Schwarz Pharma, Inc. v. . . .

BOUCHER, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,, 934 F.3d 530 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Forest Service , 673 F.3d 518, 525 (7th Cir. 2012). . . .

O NEAL, v. BALCARCEL,, 933 F.3d 618 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . R. 14-2 (Trial Tr. at 96-98) (Page ID #620-22); R. 14-3 (Trial Tr. at 101) (Page ID #525). . . . Metrish , 556 F.3d 520, 525 (6th Cir. 2009) (quoting Williams v. . . .

T. SCHMITT v. LAROSE,, 933 F.3d 628 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Constitutional Law Found ., 525 U.S. 182, 191, 119 S.Ct. 636, 142 L.Ed.2d 599 (1999) ("States allowing . . . Constitutional Law Found., Inc. , 525 U.S. 182, 192, 119 S.Ct. 636, 142 L.Ed.2d 599 (1999) (citing Taxpayers . . .

AJINOMOTO CO. INC. v. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION, CJ CJ PT CJ CJ PT v. Co., 932 F.3d 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Gateway , 525 F.3d 1200, 1218 (Fed. Cir. 2008) (citing Norian Corp v. . . .

A. JALUDI, v. CITIGROUP, 933 F.3d 246 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . See Applied Energetics, Inc. , 645 F.3d at 525 (holding that a later agreement that is silent on arbitration . . .

UNITED STATES v. NYGREN,, 933 F.3d 76 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) ). . . .

HUBBELL, v. FEDEX SMARTPOST, INC., 933 F.3d 558 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lafler , 525 F. . . .

ASSOCIATION OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS AGCO CNH LLC v. BURGUM, s, 932 F.3d 727 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . L.Q. 525, 533-34 (1987). . . .

VIEIRA, v. MENTOR WORLDWIDE, LLC LLC LLC, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1117 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Rath Packing Co. , 430 U.S. 519, 525, 97 S.Ct. 1305, 51 L.Ed.2d 604 (1977) ). . . .

BRAKEBILL v. JAEGER,, 932 F.3d 671 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gypsum Co., 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) ). . . . Gore, 531 U.S. 98, 104, 121 S.Ct. 525, 148 L.Ed.2d 388 (2000). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FELDMAN,, 931 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Keeton on Torts ]; Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 162 (1981) ; Restatement (Second) of Torts §§ 525 . . . both when it is used as a sword, as in the tort claim of deceit, see Restatement (Second) of Torts § 525 . . .

UNITED STATES v. LOCKE,, 932 F.3d 196 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 525. But at no point has Locke ever sought to withdraw his plea on this or any other basis. . . .

YEARWOOD, v. BARR,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 255 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee, 525 U.S. 471, 119 S.Ct. 936, 142 L.Ed.2d 940 (1999), to . . .

DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, v. RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 392 F. Supp. 3d 410 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . , the Court addressed the issue of civil liability for publishing stolen information. 532 U.S. 514, 525 . . . Id. at 525, 121 S.Ct. 1753. . . . Ernst & Young, 507 U.S. 170, 177, 179, 113 S.Ct. 1163, 122 L.Ed.2d 525 (1993) ("[T]he word 'participate . . . Supp. 3d 525, 535 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) (quoting Riverwoods Chappaqua Corp. v. . . .

BORCHARDT v. STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY,, 931 F.3d 781 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ins. of Winterthur, 525 N.W.2d 600, 606 (Minn. Ct. App. 1995) ; Minn. . . .

S. WILSON, v. WEXFORD HEALTH SOURCES, INC., 932 F.3d 513 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Elyea , 525 F. App'x 510 (7th Cir. 2013) (nonprecedential). . . .

DIXON, v. L. RYAN,, 932 F.3d 789 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Flynn , 475 U.S. 560, 568-69, 106 S.Ct. 1340, 89 L.Ed.2d 525 (1986) ). . . .

IN RE BELMONTE, D. v. P. A., 931 F.3d 147 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Wirum (In re Straightline Invs., Inc.) , 525 F.3d 870, 883 n.3 (9th Cir. 2008) ("Although the statute . . .

UNITED STATES v. MUSCHETTE, 392 F. Supp. 3d 282 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Rodney MUSCHETTE and Maliek Ramsey, Defendants. 15-CR-525 (ERK) United States District Court, E.D. . . . Douglas , 525 F.3d 225, 246 (2d Cir. 2008). . . .

DJERF, v. L. RYAN,, 931 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Arizona , 525 U.S. 1024, 119 S.Ct. 557, 142 L.Ed.2d 464 (1998) (mem.). . . .

UNITED STATES v. IWAI,, 930 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) )); Washington , 490 . . .

IN RE HANNA, DMM s, v., 603 B.R. 571 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Kirk (In re Kirk), 525 B.R. 325, 330 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 2015) (footnote omitted). . . .

ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY AFFILIATED PLANS, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 22 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . United States, 480 U.S. 522, 525-26, 107 S.Ct. 1391, 94 L.Ed.2d 533 (1987). . . .

UNITED STATES v. POSADA,, 930 F.3d 881 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Betts-Gaston , 860 F.3d 525, 539 (7th Cir. 2017), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

RAYNA P. v. CAMPUS COMMUNITY SCHOOL, M. P. v., 390 F. Supp. 3d 556 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . (awarding counsel fees at $600 per hour); Kirsch , 2017 WL 131808, at *6 (awarding hourly rates of $525 . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIHAI CHENG,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 141 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . United States, 537 U.S. 522, 525, 123 S.Ct. 1072, 155 L.Ed.2d 88 (2003) ). . . .

ADAME- HERNANDEZ, v. P. BARR,, 929 F.3d 1020 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lynch, 797 F.3d 524, 525 (8th Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

PARAMOUNT MEDIA GROUP, INC. v. VILLAGE OF BELLWOOD, 929 F.3d 914 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Discon, Inc. , 525 U.S. 128, 135, 119 S.Ct. 493, 142 L.Ed.2d 510 (1998) (holding that a successful § . . .

M. RETFALVI, v. UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 600 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Burbank & Co., Ltd. , 525 F.2d 9 (2d Cir. 1975) (holding that under a tax treaty the IRS can issue summons . . .

HENRY, a v. HULETT,, 930 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . have a reasonable expectation of privacy as to their living quarters or possessions. 468 U.S. 517, 525 . . . U.S. 347, 361, 88 S.Ct. 507, 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967) (Harlan, J., concurring); see Hudson , 468 U.S. at 525 . . .

VUGO, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK,, 931 F.3d 42 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Reilly , 533 U.S. 525, 555, 121 S.Ct. 2404, 150 L.Ed.2d 532 (2001) (internal citation and quotation marks . . .

HEARD, M. T. v. FINCO,, 930 F.3d 772 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Vill. of Sebring , 36 F.3d 517, 525 (6th Cir. 1994) (holding that "the trial court should deny [a motion . . .

MURPHY, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 59 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Fame Jeans Inc., 525 F.3d 8, 15 (D.C. Cir. 2008). . . .

INDIVIOR INC. UK RB Rx, LLC, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, S. A. Dr. s UT, USA, UK RB v. LLC,, 930 F.3d 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948). . . . Stryker Corp. , 525 F.3d 1319, 1324 (Fed. Cir. 2008). . . .

FUSARO, v. R. COGAN, C. J. A. J. Jr., 930 F.3d 241 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Constitutional Law Found., Inc. , 525 U.S. at 191, 119 S.Ct. 636. . . . Balcerzak , 650 F.3d 515, 525 (4th Cir. 2011) (applying intermediate scrutiny to referendum signature . . . See Kendall , 650 F.3d at 525 (declining to apply strict scrutiny to Maryland Election Law provision . . . Constitutional Law Found. , 525 U.S. at 194-95, 119 S.Ct. 636. . . . See Kendall , 650 F.3d at 525 (applying intermediate scrutiny to regulations on referendum signatures . . .

LOPEZ, v. WILSONART, LLC, 275 So. 3d 831 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Shevin, 767 So. 2d 524, 525 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000). . . .

K. B. BY AND THROUGH QASSIS v. METHODIST HEALTHCARE MEMPHIS HOSPITALS, Le s, 929 F.3d 795 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Aetna Health Inc. , 579 F.3d 525, 530-31 (5th Cir. 2009) (explaining that there may be preemption if . . .

CONROY, v. THOMPSON,, 929 F.3d 818 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dittmann , 904 F.3d 525, 531 (7th Cir. 2018) (quoting Obriecht v. . . .

AUTOMOTIVE BODY PARTS ASSOCIATION, v. FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC,, 930 F.3d 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . White , 81 U.S. (14 Wall.) 511, 525, 20 L.Ed. 731 (1871). . . . Gorham , 81 U.S. at 525. . . .

BUTTS, A. F. a v. UNITED STATES s M. D. CNM R. N. R. N. CNM M. D. R. N., 930 F.3d 234 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States Gypsum Co. , 333 U.S. 364, 395, 68 S.Ct. 525, 92 L.Ed. 746 (1948) ). . . . J.A. 525. Dr. Partridge then acknowledged that Dr. Hardy did in fact transfer A.F. to Dr. . . .

CARDIONET, LLC, v. SCOTTCARE CORPORATION,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 442 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . United States , 525 F.2d 1367, 1372 (Ct. Cl. 1975). . . . FIGS.5 and6 show that time215 can be divided into a collection of time spans505, 510, 515, 520, 525, . . . Spans505, 510, 515, 520, 525, 605, 610, 615, 620, 625 can have equal durations (such as spans505, 510 . . . , 515, 520, 525 ) or spans can be of variable durations (such as spans605, 610, 615, 620, 625 ). . . . 510, 515, 520, 525, 605, 610, 615, 620, 625 may lack an event. . . .

UNITED STATES v. SHIPP,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 300 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 523, 525 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) (noting that "[w]hen a social media user disseminates his postings . . .

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA v. J. TRUMP, D. M., 930 F.3d 209 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Forsyth , 472 U.S. 511, 525, 105 S.Ct. 2806, 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985), and contends that, in this case, . . . See, e.g. , Mitchell , 472 U.S. at 525-27, 105 S.Ct. 2806 ; Nixon v. . . .

GN NETCOM, INC. v. PLANTRONICS, INC., 930 F.3d 76 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Green Acres Contracting Co. , 347 F.3d 515, 525 (3d Cir. 2003). . . . Green Acres Contracting Co. , 347 F.3d 515, 525 (3d Cir. 2003) ). . . .

R. GOLDEN, v. STATE, 275 So. 3d 262 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . State , 192 So. 3d 525, 526-27 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016) ("The postconviction process does not exist simply . . .

UNITED STATES v. S. HAMILTON, 929 F.3d 943 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Buckley , 525 F.3d 629, 632 (8th Cir. 2008). . . .

REID v. DONELAN,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 201 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Landon, 342 U.S. 524, 544-46, 72 S.Ct. 525, 96 L.Ed. 547 (1952) (assuming that the Excessive Bail Clause . . . See Salerno, 481 U.S. at 752, 107 S.Ct. 2095 ; Carlson, 342 U.S. at 545, 72 S.Ct. 525. . . . See id. at 752, 107 S.Ct. 2095 ; Carlson, 342 U.S. at 545, 72 S.Ct. 525 ; see also Bolante v. . . . Carlson, 342 U.S. at 545, 72 S.Ct. 525. . . .

ARIAS LEIVA, v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Torres , 525 F.3d 733, 738 (9th Cir. 2008) ("The fact that the Korean law is broader than ours, and thus . . .

IN RE EDWARDS, v. a, 601 B.R. 660 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 525(a). We have jurisdiction over this appeal. See 28 U.S.C.§ 158(b). . . . During this appeal, Appellant has not argued the question of whether the City violated 11 U.S.C. § 525 . . .

DOE, M. D. E. D. K. D. v. J. MERON, NSA DOD R. DOD E. DOD DOD NSA DOD EURAFSWA a U. S. EURAFSWA FAR NSA DOD, 929 F.3d 153 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tun-Cos , 922 F.3d at 525. . . .

ARRAZABAL, v. P. BARR,, 929 F.3d 451 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mukasey , 533 F.3d 521, 525 (7th Cir. 2008) (quoting Pavlyk v. . . .

SIERRA CLUB v. J. TRUMP, T. K., 929 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Int'l Coll. of Surgeons , 522 U.S. 156, 183, 118 S.Ct. 523, 139 L.Ed.2d 525 (1997) ("[J]udicial review . . . Id. at 525. . . . Id. at 525 n.8. . . . reserved the determination of whether there was "agency action" within the meaning of the APA, 870 F.2d at 525 . . .

R. OBERDORF A. v. AMAZON. COM INC. a, 930 F.3d 136 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Health Servs. , 542 Pa. 526, 668 A.2d 521, 525 (1995). A. . . . Id. at 525. . . . Id. at 525. . . . is not a "supplier" of third-party products, our inquiry must end there under Cafazzo . 668 A.2d at 525 . . . Servs., Inc. , 542 Pa. 526, 668 A.2d 521, 525 (1995). . . .

IN RE EIGHT ADVERSARY PROCEEDINGS REMOVED FROM STATE COURT BY JOHNSON JOHNSON, 603 B.R. 849 (Bankr. S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . Blye, Esq., Carlton Fields Jordan Burt, P.A., 525 Okeechobee Blvd. - Suite 1200, West Palm Beach, FL . . .

UNITED STATES v. SMITH,, 928 F.3d 1215 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 521, 525, 157 L.Ed.2d 343 (2003) (treating "reasonableness as a function of the facts of cases so . . .

ABDULLAYEVA, v. ATTENDING HOMECARE SERVICES LLC,, 928 F.3d 218 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 525 U.S. 70, 79-80, 119 S.Ct. 391, 142 L.Ed.2d 361 (1998) ). . . . See, e.g. , Wright , 525 U.S. at 80, 119 S.Ct. 391 (determining that clause mandating arbitration of . . .

PADILLA, v. U. S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 1219 (W.D. Wash. 2019)

. . . AAADC, 525 U.S. 471, 481, 119 S.Ct. 936, 142 L.Ed.2d 940 (1999). . . .

J. CUNNINGHAM, v. WAWA, INC., 387 F. Supp. 3d 529 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . CIGNA Corp., 775 F.3d 510, 525 (2d Cir. 2014). . . .

ENGINEERING GROUP, LLC, v. MACK INDUSTRIES OF KALAMAZOO, LLC, f k a, 390 F. Supp. 3d 946 (E.D. Wis. 2019)

. . . Gillon , 525 F.Supp.2d 1071, 1075 (E.D.Wis.2007). . . .

AUTO DRIVEAWAY FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, LLC, v. AUTO DRIVEAWAY RICHMOND, LLC, USA, LLC,, 928 F.3d 670 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lumpkin , 863 F.2d 525, 527 (7th Cir. 1988). . . .

CLAIBORNE, v. BLAUSER, S., 928 F.3d 794 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Flynn, 475 U.S. 560, 568-69, 106 S.Ct. 1340, 89 L.Ed.2d 525 (1986); Illinois v. . . .

RAULERSON, Jr. v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 987 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Randall , 357 U.S. 513, 525, 78 S.Ct. 1332, 2 L.Ed.2d 1460 (1958). . . .

CLAIBORNE, v. BLAUSER, S., 934 F.3d 885 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Flynn , 475 U.S. 560, 568-69, 106 S.Ct. 1340, 89 L.Ed.2d 525 (1986) ; Illinois v. . . .

PROBODANU, v. B. SESSIONS, III,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 1031 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . agencies' selective enforcement of removal proceedings against them violated their constitutional rights. 525 . . . AADC , 525 U.S. at 482, 119 S.Ct. 936. . . . See AADC , 525 U.S. at 483, 119 S.Ct. 936 ; 8 C.F.R. § 274a.12(c)(14) (describing "deferred action" as . . .

ESSEX INSURANCE COMPANY, v. BLUE MOON LOFTS CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, 927 F.3d 1007 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Exchange Agency , 174 Ill.2d 513, 525, 221 Ill.Dec. 473, 675 N.E.2d 897 (1996) ; see also Transport Ins . . .

UNITED STATES v. FULTON, Sr., 928 F.3d 429 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Massi , 761 F.3d 512, 525 (5th Cir. 2014) (citation omitted). . . .

THOMAS v. ESCHEN, 928 F.3d 709 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Harper et al., Harper, James and Gray on Torts 525-26 (3d ed. 2006); W. . . .