The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXVII
INSURANCE

Chapter 635
MORTGAGE GUARANTY INSURANCE

View Entire Chapter

CHAPTER 635

MORTGAGE GUARANTY INSURANCE

635.011 Definitions.

635.021 Authority to transact mortgage guaranty insurance.

635.031 Additional limitations.

635.041 Contingency reserve.

635.042 Minimum surplus requirement.

635.051 Licensing and appointment of mortgage guaranty insurance agents.

635.061 Premium cost.

635.071 Filings, approval of forms; rate filings.

635.075 Restoration of property.

635.081 Administration and enforcement.

635.091 Provisions of Florida Insurance Code applicable to mortgage guaranty insurance.

635.011 Definitions.—As used in this chapter, the term:

(1) “Mortgage guaranty insurance” means a form of casualty insurance insuring lenders against:

(a) Financial loss by reason of nonpayment of principal, interest, and other sums agreed to be paid under the terms of any note, bond, or other evidence of indebtedness secured by a mortgage, deed of trust, or other instrument constituting a lien or charge on real estate which contains a residential building or a building designed to be occupied for industrial or commercial purposes.

(b) Financial loss by reason of nonpayment of rent and other sums agreed to be paid under the terms of a written lease for the possession, use, or occupancy of real estate, provided such real estate is designed to be occupied for industrial or commercial purposes.

(2) “Contingency reserve” means a special premium reserve which is in addition to other premium reserves required by law and which is established for the protection of policyholders against the effect of adverse economic cycles.

History.—s. 1, ch. 59-182; ss. 13, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1, ch. 71-151; s. 269, ch. 71-377; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 1, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; ss. 1, 5, ch. 93-21; s. 1517, ch. 2003-261.

635.021 Authority to transact mortgage guaranty insurance.—Mortgage guaranty insurance may be transacted by a stock casualty insurer or a stock surety insurer holding a certificate of authority for the transaction of insurance in this state.

History.—s. 2, ch. 59-182; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 2, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 5, ch. 93-21.

635.031 Additional limitations.—In addition to laws otherwise applicable, mortgage guaranty insurers are subject to the following limitations:

(1) No such insurer may retain risk as to any one subject of insurance in any amount exceeding 10 percent of its surplus as to policyholders. In determining the amount of risk retained, applicable reinsurance in any assuming insurer authorized to transact insurance in this state or approved by the office shall be deducted from the total direct risk insured.

(2) Mortgage guaranty insurance may be written with respect to real estate loans only on those loans which a bank, a savings and loan association, or an insurance company regulated by this state or an agency of the Federal Government is authorized to make.

History.—s. 3, ch. 59-182; s. 1, ch. 63-428; s. 1, ch. 65-494; ss. 13, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 71-151; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 3, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 5, ch. 93-21; s. 1518, ch. 2003-261.

635.041 Contingency reserve.—

(1) Each mortgage guaranty insurer shall establish and maintain as a liability a contingency reserve out of earned premiums remaining after establishment of the unearned premium reserve. The insurer shall contribute an amount equal to 50 percent of the earned premiums into the contingency reserve.

(2) Subject to approval by the insurance department of the insurer’s state of domicile and upon 30 days’ prior notice to the office, the contingency reserve shall be available for loss payments only when the insurer’s incurred losses in any one calendar year exceed 35 percent of the corresponding earned premiums.

(3) In the event of the release of the contingency reserve for payment of losses, as approved by the state regulating agency in the insurer’s state of domicile, the contributions required under subsection (1) shall be treated on a first-in-first-out basis.

(4) The contribution made during each calendar year to the contingency reserve pertaining to a particular insurance policy shall be maintained (subject to prior payment of losses therefrom as provided in subsection (3)) for a period of 120 months.

History.—s. 4, ch. 59-182; ss. 13, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 4, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; ss. 2, 5, ch. 93-21; s. 1519, ch. 2003-261.

635.042 Minimum surplus requirement.—

(1) A mortgage guaranty insurer shall maintain a minimum surplus of not less than the greater of $4 million or 10 percent of the insurer’s total outstanding liabilities other than the required contingency reserve. A mortgage guaranty insurer is not required to have a surplus as to policyholders greater than $100 million.

(2) A mortgage guaranty insurer must possess sufficient capital and surplus so that the total outstanding aggregate exposure net of reinsurance under mortgage guaranty policies written by the insurer does not exceed 25 times its paid-in capital, surplus, and contingency reserve combined. A mortgage guaranty insurer shall disclose in the audited financial reports required under s. 624.424(8), the total aggregate exposure net of reinsurance under mortgage guaranty policies written by the insurer. The Commissioner of Insurance Regulation may permit a temporary exception to the requirements of this subsection at the written request of a mortgage guaranty insurer upon a finding that the mortgage guaranty insurer’s financial position is reasonable in relationship to the mortgage guaranty insurer’s aggregate insured risk and financial needs.

(3) If a mortgage guaranty insurer is not in compliance with this section and has not been permitted an exception as provided in subsection (2), the office may take any action against the insurer that the office may take against an insurer that is not in compliance with s. 624.408.

History.—ss. 5, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 5, ch. 93-21; s. 2, ch. 2001-37; s. 1520, ch. 2003-261; s. 1, ch. 2010-56; s. 1, ch. 2010-56.

635.051 Licensing and appointment of mortgage guaranty insurance agents.—

(1) Effective October 1, 2012, a person may not transact mortgage guaranty insurance unless licensed and appointed as a credit insurance agent in accordance with the applicable provisions of the insurance code. Mortgage guaranty licenses held by persons on October 1, 2012, shall be transferred to a credit insurance agent license. Persons who wish to obtain a new license identification card that reflects this change must submit the $5 fee as prescribed in s. 624.501(15).

(2) Any general lines agent licensed under chapter 626 is qualified to represent a mortgage guaranty insurer without additional licensure.

(3) The department shall charge mortgage guaranty insurance agents the same applicable license and appointment taxes and fees as charged general lines agents in s. 624.501. The department shall deposit such license and appointment taxes and fees in the same manner as provided in s. 624.523 for the deposit of license and appointment taxes and fees by general lines agents.

History.—s. 5, ch. 59-182; ss. 13, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 6, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 41, ch. 87-226; s. 158, ch. 91-108; ss. 3, 5, ch. 93-21; s. 483, ch. 97-102; s. 53, ch. 2012-209.

635.061 Premium cost.—For purposes of computing finance charges or determining whether a mortgage loan is usurious, any premium cost of mortgage guaranty insurance that is paid by or collected from the mortgagor as a separate charge shall be deemed to not constitute a part of the cost of, or interest upon, or charges or consideration or an amount in excess of permitted charges in connection with, any mortgage loan.

History.—s. 6, ch. 59-182; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 7, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 15, ch. 92-328; s. 5, ch. 93-21.

635.071 Filings, approval of forms; rate filings.—

(1) No policy form or related form may be issued or used in this state unless it has been filed with and approved by the office as provided by laws applicable to casualty or surety insurance.

(2) Each insurer shall file with the office for informational purposes the rate to be charged and the premium to be paid by the policyholder, including all modifications of rates and premiums.

(3) An insurer may not insure mortgages that are offered for sale to the public by advertisement, whether in newspapers, brochures, direct mailings, or similar media, if the advertisement expressly or impliedly represents or stresses that the worth, value, or safety of the mortgage investment arises by virtue of the proposed mortgage guaranty insurance rather than by virtue of the safety inherent in the value of the underlying security as it relates to the face value of the mortgage debt, or if the advertisement stresses the fact that the mortgage guaranty insurance is regulated by an agency of the state or Federal Government.

History.—s. 7, ch. 59-182; ss. 13, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 8, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 5, ch. 93-21; s. 19, ch. 2000-370; s. 1521, ch. 2003-261.

635.075 Restoration of property.—Mortgage guaranty insurance policies issued for delivery in this state shall contain, as a condition precedent to payment in the event of default, a provision that the insured must restore the property to its condition at the time of issuance of the policy, except for reasonable wear and tear.

History.—ss. 12, 13, ch. 83-281; s. 5, ch. 93-21.

635.081 Administration and enforcement.—The commission may adopt rules pursuant to ss. 120.536(1) and 120.54 to implement the provisions of this chapter and shall have the same powers of administration and enforcement of the provisions of this chapter as it has with respect to casualty or surety insurers in general under the Florida Insurance Code.

History.—s. 8, ch. 59-182; ss. 13, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 9, 11, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 5, ch. 93-21; s. 212, ch. 98-200; s. 1522, ch. 2003-261.

635.091 Provisions of Florida Insurance Code applicable to mortgage guaranty insurance.—The following provisions of the Florida Insurance Code apply to mortgage guaranty insurers: chapter 624; chapter 625; parts I, II, VIII, and X of chapter 626; s. 627.409; s. 627.915; chapter 628; and chapter 631.

History.—ss. 10, 12, ch. 83-281; s. 42, ch. 87-226; s. 20, ch. 90-119; ss. 4, 5, ch. 93-21.

F.S. 635 on Google Scholar

F.S. 635 on Casetext

Amendments to 635

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 635

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 635.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Sawyer , 343 U.S. 579, 635, 72 S.Ct. 863, 96 L.Ed. 1153 (1952) (Jackson, J., concurring). . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-635 Supreme Court of the United States. Argued May 12, 2020 Decided July 9, 2020 Jay A. . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 136 S.Ct. 1540, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016), the Court appeared to incorporate the rule against third-party . . . S. ----, ----, 136 S.Ct. 1540, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) (slip op., at 7); Clapper v. . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Sawyer , 343 U.S. 579, 635, 72 S.Ct. 863, 96 L.Ed. 1153 (1952) (Jackson, J., concurring). . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Knudson , 534 U.S. 204, 213, 122 S.Ct. 708, 151 L.Ed.2d 635 (2002). . . . Knudson , 534 U.S. 204, 217, 122 S.Ct. 708, 151 L.Ed.2d 635 (2002). . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See, e.g. , Army Reg. 635-89, § I(2) (a) (July 15, 1966) ("Personnel who voluntarily engage in homosexual . . .

ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 635, 128 S.Ct. 2783. . . . or not future legislatures or (yes) even future judges think that scope too broad." 554 U.S., at 634-635 . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 136 S.Ct. 1540, 1549, 94 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016); see Raines v. . . . S. ----, ----, 136 S.Ct. 1540, 1550-1551, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) (THOMAS, J., concurring) (quoting Honig . . . S. ----, ----, 136 S.Ct. 1540, 1549, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . . Knudson , 534 U.S. 204, 215-216, 122 S.Ct. 708, 151 L.Ed.2d 635 (2002) (explaining the various historical . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 136 S.Ct. 1540, 1550-1551, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) (THOMAS, J., concurring) (quoting Honig . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Knudson , 534 U.S. 204, 212, 122 S.Ct. 708, 151 L.Ed.2d 635 (2002). . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See id ., at 635-638, 121 S.Ct. 1835 (GINSBURG, J., dissenting). . . . civil rights laws through civil litigation, even if they " 'cannot afford legal counsel.' " Id ., at 635 . . . Robins , 578 U.S. ----, 136 S.Ct. 1540, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). They are not asserting a new claim. . . . home for purposes of self-defense constituted a core violation of the Second Amendment. 554 U.S. at 635 . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Woods , 392 U.S. 631, 635, 88 S.Ct. 2093, 20 L.Ed.2d 1308 (1968) (per curiam ) (rejecting retroactivity . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2505 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-635. Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Act "could not have [made] any clearer" Congress's intent to remove the States' immunity. 527 U.S. at 635 . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 1103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-635 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 659 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 19-635 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

E. PEITHMAN, Jr. v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 340 (U.S. 2019)

. . . In this case, the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reached a contrary conclusion. 917 F.3d 635 . . .

ELHADY, v. H. KABLE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

HARRIS, v. K. HARRIS,, 935 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bureau of Prisons , 635 F.3d 1172, 1178 (10th Cir. 2011) (holding that a prior dismissal on immunity . . .

J. MURRAY, M. D. a v. MAYO CLINIC, a M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. a, 934 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Delgado-Ramos , 635 F.3d 1237, 1239 (9th Cir. 2011) (per curiam)). . . .

ANDERSON, AS TRUSTEE FOR NEXT- OF- KIN OF ANDERSON v. CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS Dr. M. D. HCMC D. J. A. F. HCMC M. D. s J. L. L. T. D. M. T., 934 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Peterson , 878 F.3d 631, 635 (8th Cir. 2017) (citation omitted). . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987) (same). . . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987) ) (cleaned up). . . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 638, 107 S. Ct. 3034, 3038, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1548, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) (quoting Lujan , 504 U.S. at 560 n.1, 112 S.Ct. 2130 ). ii. . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Allen, 485 F.3d 635, 641 (11th Cir. 2007) (same); Williams v. . . .

NOBRE, ON BEHALF OF K. M. C. L. G. v. LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY, 935 F.3d 437 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Toledo , 446 U.S. 635, 640, 100 S.Ct. 1920, 64 L.Ed.2d 572 (1980) (finding "no basis for imposing on . . .

BIONDO, v. KALEDIA HEALTH, d b a, 935 F.3d 68 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Cty. of Orange, 700 F.3d 635, 640 (2d Cir. 2012). . . .

MARTINEZ, v. WALGREEN COMPANY,, 935 F.3d 396 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zezulka , 994 S.W.2d 635, 636-38 (Tex. 1999) (holding that a psychiatrist owed no duty to a third party . . .

BAUGHMAN, v. HICKMAN K. M., 935 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Independence , 445 U.S. 622, 635-38, 100 S.Ct. 1398, 63 L.Ed.2d 673 (1980). Further, Dr. . . .

MAO- MSO RECOVERY II, LLC, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, L., 935 F.3d 573 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

DOLLAR LOAN CENTER OF SOUTH DAKOTA, LLC, v. AFDAHL, LLC, v., 933 F.3d 1019 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987) ). . . .

SANOFI- AVENTIS U. S. LLC, IP, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, INC. Dr. s USA, LLC, LLC, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1548, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) (quoting Lujan , 504 U.S. at 560, 112 S.Ct. 2130 ). . . .

O DONNELL, v. CAINE WEINER COMPANY, LLC,, 935 F.3d 549 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Forest River, Inc. , 635 F.3d 870, 877 (7th Cir. 2011). . . .

IN RE M. STERLING,, 933 F.3d 828 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Neary , 635 F.3d 974, 979 (7th Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

KELSAY, v. ERNST,, 933 F.3d 975 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). . . .

RAM REZ- P REZ, v. P. BARR,, 934 F.3d 47 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder, 635 F.3d 563, 565 (1st Cir. 2011) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. IN U. S. CURRENCY, 933 F.3d 971 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Currency , 672 F.3d 629, 635 (9th Cir. 2012), for the purpose of "gather[ing] information that bears . . .

NAUMOVSKI, v. NORRIS, 934 F.3d 200 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S. . . .

DINAPLES, v. MRS BPO, LLC MRS BPO, LLC,, 934 F.3d 275 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

MARTINEAU, v. WIER, 934 F.3d 385 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) (describing " 'irreducible constitutional minimum' of standing . . .

RILEY, v. FILSON D., 933 F.3d 1068 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 97 Nev. 529, 635 P.2d 278, 280 (1981) ). . . . Riley I , 786 F.3d at 723 (citing Hern , 635 P.2d at 280 ). Leavitt does not offer anything new. . . . State [97 Nev. 529], 635 P.2d 278 (Nev. 1981), and explain[s] that prior to Byford [v. . . . Hern , 635 P.2d at 280. . . . Byford , 994 P.2d at 713-14 (citing Hern , 635 P.2d at 280 ). . . .

REYES, v. FISCHER, J. X., 934 F.3d 97 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987) ). . . .

LAVALLEE, v. MED- SOLUTIONS, LLC,, 932 F.3d 1049 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1548, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . . Davis , 531 U.S. 230, 244 n.6, 121 S.Ct. 714, 148 L.Ed.2d 635 (2001) ; Sanders v. . . .

PATEL, v. FACEBOOK, INC., 932 F.3d 1264 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1549, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016), as revised (May 24, 2016) (Spokeo I ). . . .

STERLINSKI, v. CATHOLIC BISHOP OF CHICAGO,, 934 F.3d 568 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Toledo , 446 U.S. 635, 640, 100 S.Ct. 1920, 64 L.Ed.2d 572 (1980). . . .

BRENDA L. v. SAUL,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 858 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Anderson, 188 F.3d 635, 647 (5th Cir.1999). . . .

A. LAVITE, v. J. DUNSTAN,, 932 F.3d 1020 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Illinois Gaming Board , 731 F.3d 635, 643-44 (7th Cir. 2013) ; Kidwell v. . . .

CHASE, On On v. FIRST FEDERAL BANK OF KANSAS CITY T. J. W. R. s, 932 F.3d 1158 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jackson , 249 Kan. 635, 822 P.2d 1033, 1037 (Kan. 1991). . . .

C. S. MCCROSSAN INC. v. FEDERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 932 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lill , 332 N.W.2d 635, 637 (Minn. 1983). Exclusions are "construed strictly against the insurer." . . .

IN RE GOOGLE INC. COOKIE PLACEMENT CONSUMER PRIVACY LITIGATION H., 934 F.3d 316 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1549-50, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) ; Frank , 139 S. Ct. at 1046. . . .

KODIAK OIL GAS USA INC. HRC LLC v. BURR S. EOG S., 932 F.3d 1125 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Neztsosie , 526 U.S. 473, 119 S.Ct. 1430, 143 L.Ed.2d 635 (1999), which affirmed the denial of an injunction . . .

COFFEY, v. CARROLL, 933 F.3d 577 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). . . .

D. TORRY, Q. I. v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 932 F.3d 579 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 641, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). IV. . . .

LONGORIA, v. HUNTER EXPRESS, LIMITED, 932 F.3d 360 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ford Motor Co. , 715 S.W.2d 629, 635 (Tex. 1986) ). . . .

D. LISLE, Jr. v. WELBORN,, 933 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hinsley , 635 F.3d 950, 953 (7th Cir. 2011) (mere mishandling of prisoner's grievance does not support . . .

UNITED STATES v. MATHIS, a k a a k a a k a D- v. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a v. a k a a k a K. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a a k a, 932 F.3d 242 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Soto , 794 F.3d 635, 655 (6th Cir. 2015) ; cf. United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. OLOYEDE, v. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a T. v. a k a, 933 F.3d 302 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . warning to a suspect before asking him the location of his firearm, which he then disclosed. 542 U.S. at 635 . . .

AYESTAS, v. DAVIS,, 933 F.3d 384 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rev. 635, 695 (2013) ("Counsel's duty to conduct thorough mitigation investigation in death penalty cases . . .

UNITED STATES v. PINEDA- DUARTE,, 933 F.3d 519 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jackson, 635 F.3d 205, 209 (6th Cir. 2011) ). . . .

AMERICAN TUNABOAT ASSOCIATION, v. ROSS, 391 F. Supp. 3d 98 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

IN RE L. VENANZIO, J. v. U. S., 602 B.R. 921 (Bankr. W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . See also In re Bryant, 323 B.R. 635, 639 (Bankr. E.D. . . .

CITY OF MIAMI GARDENS, a v. WELLS FARGO CO. N. A., 931 F.3d 1274 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hays , 515 U.S. 737, 742, 115 S.Ct. 2431, 132 L.Ed.2d 635 (1995) (alteration adopted) (citation and internal . . .

UNITED STATES v. GLENN,, 931 F.3d 424 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Villafranco-Elizondo , 897 F.3d 635, 641 (5th Cir. 2018) (citation omitted). . . .

COBA v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 932 F.3d 114 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 746 F.3d 633, 635 (5th Cir. 2014) ; accord Cunningham , 592 F.3d at 807 ; Metz , 649 F.3d at 500 . . .

SMITH, v. TRAVELERS CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,, 932 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 635. According to the claimant, that created a fact issue over when the claim was denied. . . . Id . at 635. . . . provided us no basis to conclude that the rationale of that case has any application here." 162 S.W.3d at 635 . . . evidence that Travelers's decision "was ever expressly or impliedly withdrawn or changed." 162 S.W.3d at 635 . . .

DIXON, v. L. RYAN,, 932 F.3d 789 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Deck , 544 U.S. at 635, 125 S.Ct. 2007. . . .

PLANNED PARENTHOOD SOUTHWEST OHIO REGION v. DEWINE, 931 F.3d 530 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fikse , 33 F.3d 633, 635 (6th Cir. 1994) (per curiam ). . . .

PETERSON, v. HEYMES,, 931 F.3d 546 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). . . .

In MATTER OF BENJAMIN, v., 932 F.3d 293 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sebelius , 635 F.3d 757, 764-65 (5th Cir. 2011). . . . Sebelius , 635 F.3d 757 (5th Cir. 2011). . . .

STATE BY AND THROUGH TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 931 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) (quoting U.S. Const. Art. III, § 2). . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Comm'n of Md. , 535 U.S. 635, 645, 122 S.Ct. 1753, 152 L.Ed.2d 871 (2002) (alteration in original) (quoting . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 922 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . See, e.g. , AR 46-50, 537-57, 635-37. . . . Davis , 531 U.S. 230, 243-44, 121 S.Ct. 714, 148 L.Ed.2d 635 (2001), and R-S-C- v. . . .

KELLER, v. FLEMING,, 930 F.3d 746 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987) ). . . .

HARTMAN v. THOMPSON, 931 F.3d 471 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Villa Hills , 635 F.3d 210, 215-16 (6th Cir. 2011) ("Kentucky law does not criminalize arguments . . . Kennedy , 635 F.3d at 218 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

BRAEBURN INC. v. UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

PRESQUE ISLE COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY, v. HIGHMARK HEALTH, f k a f k a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 485 (W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . , 568 U.S. 216, 225, 133 S.Ct. 1003, 185 L.Ed.2d 43 (2013) (quoting Ticor Title Ins. , 504 U.S. at 635 . . .

TRUE HEALTH DIAGNOSTICS, LLC, v. M. AZAR, II,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 656 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Sebelius , 635 F.3d 757, 766 (5th Cir. 2011). . . .

TRUE HEALTH DIAGNOSTICS, LLC, v. M. AZAR, II,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 666 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Sebelius , 635 F.3d 757, 766 (5th Cir. 2011). . . . Hawkins , 635 F.3d 155, 159 (5th Cir. 2011) ("Federal law does not prohibit these payment holds ... . . .

SMITH, v. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,, 930 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Admin. , 635 F.3d 526, 530 (Fed. Cir. 2011). . . .

K. NARKIEWICZ- LAINE, v. C. DOYLE,, 930 F.3d 897 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Chicago Park Dist. , 635 F.3d 290, 296 (7th Cir. 2011). . . . Kelley , 635 F.3d at 296. . . .

GONZ LEZ- RIVERA, v. CENTRO M DICO DEL TURABO, INC. d b a HIMA d b a HIMA, 931 F.3d 23 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . and distinctly,' or else forever hold its peace" (quoting Rivera-Gomez v. de Castro, 843 F.2d 631, 635 . . .

ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY AFFILIATED PLANS, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 22 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Id. at 635-36 (quoting 47 U.S.C. §§ 1302(a), (d)(1) ). . . . Id. at 635. . . .

F. WORTHY, D. Co. v. CITY OF PHENIX CITY, ALABAMA,, 930 F.3d 1206 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Aurora Loan Servs., LLC , 635 F. App'x 618, 623 (11th Cir. 2015) (citing Mass. Mut. Life Ins. . . .

TAYLOR, v. GRUBBS v. LT. SCDC SCDC DOE, DOE, AI v. SCDC LT MR C, 930 F.3d 611 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Stevenson , 635 F.3d 646, 648 n.1 (4th Cir. 2011) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1)-(2) ). . . . Tolbert , 635 F.3d at 649. A. 1. . . .

MASON, C. v. FAUL,, 929 F.3d 762 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Creighton , 483 U.S. 635, 641, 107 S. . . .

CAUSE OF ACTION INSTITUTE, v. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 84 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . HIF Bio, Inc. , 556 U.S. 635, 639, 129 S.Ct. 1862, 173 L.Ed.2d 843 (2009). . . .

IXCHEL PHARMA, LLC, v. BIOGEN, INC., 930 F.3d 1031 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1548, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. v. PODHORN LLC LLC SLC LLC CLS LLC LCS LLC LLC LLC LLC LLC LP J. U T A LP HSWB, LLC LLC PFWB, LLC LLC LLC LLC LLC MO Re- LLC LLC JCL LLC LP LLC LLC,, 930 F.3d 946 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1547, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

GOLAN v. FREEEATS. COM, INC. AIC LLC, R., 930 F.3d 950 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1549, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016) ("Article III standing requires a concrete injury even in the . . .

HAROUN, v. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY U. S. T., 929 F.3d 1007 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 516 U.S. 264, 279, 116 S.Ct. 637, 133 L.Ed.2d 635 (1996) (Scalia, J., concurring in part). . . .

VENCKIENE, v. UNITED STATES, 929 F.3d 843 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . 64 L.Ed. 616 (1920) ; Burgos Noeller , 922 F.3d at 803 ; Eain , 641 F.2d at 508 ; In re Assarsson , 635 . . .

ALARM DETECTION SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED, v. VILLAGE OF SCHAUMBURG, a, 930 F.3d 812 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Gastonia , 635 F.3d 634, 641 (4th Cir. 2011) (same); but see S. Cal. Gas Co. v. . . .

CARELLO, v. AURORA POLICEMEN CREDIT UNION,, 930 F.3d 830 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1548, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

GREEN, v. KENNEWAY,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 275 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Chipman , 418 Mass. 262, 635 N.E.2d 1204, 1209 (1994) (internal citations omitted). . . .

A. SEVER, v. CITY OF SALEM,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 299 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . allege[d] and the fundamental goals of the statutes ... sue[d] under' ") (quoting Baur, 352 F.3d at 635 . . .

RIOS, v. JENKINS,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 714 (W.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987). . . .

UNIVERSAL CABLE PRODUCTIONS, LLC, a LLC, a v. ATLANTIC SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, a, 929 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Exch. , 31 Cal.4th 635, 3 Cal.Rptr.3d 228, 73 P.3d 1205, 1213 (2003). . . .

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO. LTD. v. INFOBRIDGE PTE. LTD., 929 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1540, 1546-47, 194 L.Ed.2d 635 (2016). . . .

UNITED STATES v. RANKIN,, 929 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Batson , 608 F.3d 630, 635 (9th Cir. 2010) ). . . .