The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLV
TORTS

Chapter 770
DEFAMATION

View Entire Chapter

CHAPTER 770

DEFAMATION

770.01 Notice condition precedent to action or prosecution for libel or slander.

770.02 Correction, apology, or retraction by newspaper or broadcast station.

770.03 Civil liability of broadcasting stations.

770.04 Civil liability of radio or television broadcasting stations; care to prevent publication or utterance required.

770.05 Limitation of choice of venue.

770.06 Adverse judgment in any jurisdiction a bar to additional action.

770.07 Cause of action, time of accrual.

770.08 Limitation on recovery of damages.

770.01 Notice condition precedent to action or prosecution for libel or slander.—Before any civil action is brought for publication or broadcast, in a newspaper, periodical, or other medium, of a libel or slander, the plaintiff shall, at least 5 days before instituting such action, serve notice in writing on the defendant, specifying the article or broadcast and the statements therein which he or she alleges to be false and defamatory.

History.—s. 1, ch. 16070, 1933; CGL 1936 Supp. 7064(1); s. 1, ch. 76-123; s. 1178, ch. 97-102.

770.02 Correction, apology, or retraction by newspaper or broadcast station.—

(1) If it appears upon the trial that said article or broadcast was published in good faith; that its falsity was due to an honest mistake of the facts; that there were reasonable grounds for believing that the statements in said article or broadcast were true; and that, within the period of time specified in subsection (2), a full and fair correction, apology, or retraction was, in the case of a newspaper or periodical, published in the same editions or corresponding issues of the newspaper or periodical in which said article appeared and in as conspicuous place and type as said original article or, in the case of a broadcast, the correction, apology, or retraction was broadcast at a comparable time, then the plaintiff in such case shall recover only actual damages.

(2) Full and fair correction, apology, or retraction shall be made:

(a) In the case of a broadcast or a daily or weekly newspaper or periodical, within 10 days after service of notice;

(b) In the case of a newspaper or periodical published semimonthly, within 20 days after service of notice;

(d) In the case of a newspaper or periodical published less frequently than monthly, in the next issue, provided notice is served no later than 45 days prior to such publication.

History.—s. 2, ch. 16070, 1933; CGL 1936 Supp. 7064(2); s. 1, ch. 76-123; s. 233, ch. 77-104; s. 1, ch. 80-34.

770.03 Civil liability of broadcasting stations.—The owner, lessee, licensee, or operator of a broadcasting station shall have the right, except when prohibited by federal law or regulation, but shall not be compelled, to require the submission of a written copy of any statement intended to be broadcast over such station 24 hours before the time of the intended broadcast thereof. When such owner, lessee, licensee, or operator has so required the submission of such copy, such owner, lessee, licensee, or operator shall not be liable in damages for any libelous or slanderous utterance made by or for the person or party submitting a copy of such proposed broadcast which is not contained in such copy. This section shall not be construed to relieve the person or party or the agents or servants of such person or party making any such libelous or slanderous utterance from liability therefor.

History.—ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 19616, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 7064 Supp. 7064(4); s. 1, ch. 20869; s. 1, ch. 76-123.

770.04 Civil liability of radio or television broadcasting stations; care to prevent publication or utterance required.—The owner, licensee, or operator of a radio or television broadcasting station, and the agents or employees of any such owner, licensee or operator, shall not be liable for any damages for any defamatory statement published or uttered in or as a part of a radio or television broadcast, by one other than such owner, licensee or operator, or general agent or employees thereof, unless it shall be alleged and proved by the complaining party, that such owner, licensee, operator, general agent or employee, has failed to exercise due care to prevent the publication or utterance of such statement in such broadcasts, provided, however, the exercise of due care shall be construed to include the bona fide compliance with any federal law or the regulation of any federal regulatory agency.

History.—s. 1, ch. 23802, 1947; s. 1, ch. 25278, 1949.

770.05 Limitation of choice of venue.—No person shall have more than one choice of venue for damages for libel or slander, invasion of privacy, or any other tort founded upon any single publication, exhibition, or utterance, such as any one edition of a newspaper, book, or magazine, any one presentation to an audience, any one broadcast over radio or television, or any one exhibition of a motion picture. Recovery in any action shall include all damages for any such tort suffered by the plaintiff in all jurisdictions.

History.—s. 1, ch. 67-52.

770.06 Adverse judgment in any jurisdiction a bar to additional action.—A judgment in any jurisdiction for or against the plaintiff upon the substantive merits of any action for damages founded upon a single publication or exhibition or utterance as described in s. 770.05 shall bar any other action for damages by the same plaintiff against the same defendant founded upon the same publication or exhibition or utterance.

History.—s. 2, ch. 67-52.

770.07 Cause of action, time of accrual.—The cause of action for damages founded upon a single publication or exhibition or utterance, as described in s. 770.05, shall be deemed to have accrued at the time of the first publication or exhibition or utterance thereof in this state.

History.—s. 3, ch. 67-52.

770.08 Limitation on recovery of damages.—No person shall have more than one choice of venue for damages for libel founded upon a single publication or exhibition or utterance, as described in s. 770.05, and upon his or her election in any one of his or her choices of venue, then the person shall be bound to recover there all damages allowed him or her.

History.—s. 4, ch. 67-52; s. 1179, ch. 97-102.

F.S. 770 on Google Scholar

F.S. 770 on Casetext

Amendments to 770

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 770

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 770.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Rumely , 345 U.S. 41, 73 S.Ct. 543, 97 L.Ed. 770 (1953). . . . Rumely , 345 U.S. 41, 43, 73 S.Ct. 543, 97 L.Ed. 770 (1953) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Mingus , 165 U.S. 413, 436, 17 S.Ct. 348, 41 L.Ed. 770 (1897). . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bush , 553 U.S. 723, 770-771, 128 S.Ct. 2229, 171 L.Ed.2d 41 (2008) ; Hamdi v. . . . Bidwell , 182 U.S. 244, 21 S.Ct. 770, 45 L.Ed. 1088 (1901). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 787 F.3d 733, 770-776 (CA5 2015) (Higginson, J., dissenting); cf. Heckler v. . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Act of Aug. 5, 1947, ch. 490, §§ 1, 3, 61 Stat. 770, 771. . . . Bidwell , 182 U.S. 244, 287, 21 S.Ct. 770, 45 L.Ed. 1088 (1901) (opinion of Brown, J.); Balzac v. . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Reagan , 770 F.2d 202, 209 (C.A.D.C. 1985) (Scalia, J.)). . . .

C. UNDERWOOD, v. PHILLIPS,, 140 S. Ct. 1116 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-770 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

NATIONAL REVIEW, INC. v. E. MANN v. E., 140 S. Ct. 344 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Hustler Magazine, Inc. , 465 U.S. 770, 781, 104 S.Ct. 1473, 79 L.Ed.2d 790 (1984) (regular circulation . . .

P. BARR, v. EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT,, 140 S. Ct. 3 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Braunskill , 481 U.S. 770, 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BAPTISTE,, 935 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cohen , 888 F.2d 770, 776 (11th Cir. 1989) (admitting evidence showing that the government's witness . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 101, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) (quotation omitted). . . . Richter, 562 U.S. 86 at 99, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Richter, 562 U.S. at 105, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Richter, 562 U.S. at 112, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Richter, 562 U.S. at 112, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . .

CHACHANKO, v. UNITED STATES, 935 F.3d 627 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kelley , 830 F.3d 770, 773 (8th Cir. 2016), citing Holland v. . . .

FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, v. QUALCOMM INCORPORATED, a Oy,, 935 F.3d 752 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Braunskill , 481 U.S. 770, 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987) ). . . .

IN RE BOWLES,, 935 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jenkins, 770 F.3d 485, 497 (6th Cir. 2014) ; Thompson v. . . . State, 716 So. 2d 769, 770 (Fla. 1998) (per curiam). . . .

BOWLES, v. SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,, 935 F.3d 1176 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . State, 716 So. 2d 769, 770 (Fla. 1998) (per curiam). . . .

PANAH, v. CHAPPELL,, 935 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 102, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) ). III. . . . Richter, 562 U.S. at 112, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Id. at 113, 131 S.Ct. 770. We do not hold that counsel should not have done more. . . . Id. at 112, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Id. at 113, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HAWKINS, a. k. a. D III, a. k. a., 934 F.3d 1251 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Vera , 770 F.3d 1232, 1242 (9th Cir. 2014) ("[A]n officer may not testify based on speculation ... or . . . See, e.g. , Vera , 770 F.3d at 1246 ; Torralba-Mendia , 784 F.3d at 659 ; United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. ADAMS,, 934 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mitten , 592 F.3d 767, 770-71 (7th Cir. 2010). . . .

WOLFINGTON, v. RECONSTRUCTIVE ORTHOPAEDIC ASSOCIATES II PC, a k a, 935 F.3d 187 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Skolas , 770 F.3d 241, 249 (3d Cir. 2014) (internal quotation mark and emphasis omitted) (quoting In . . . Schmidt , 770 F.3d at 249-50 ; id. at 254 (Rendell, J., dissenting). . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . decision by a municipal policymaker, or deliberately indifferent training or supervision." 717 F.3d at 770 . . . Lasshofer , 770 F.3d 1331, 1356 n.13 (10th Cir. 2014) (quotations omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BEGAY,, 934 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . De La Fuente , 353 F.3d 766, 770-71 (9th Cir. 2003) (18 U.S.C. § 876(c) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. SHAYOTA, v., 934 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 770-71. Such a rule persisted in England well into the 1700s. . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . State, 716 So. 2d 769, 770 (Fla. 1998) ( Bowles I ); Bowles v. . . . Bowles I, 716 So. 2d at 770. . . . Bowles I, 716 So. 2d at 770 ; Bowles II, 804 So. 2d at 1181. . . . Bowles I, 716 So. 2d at 770. . . .

CONILLE v. COUNCIL AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, 935 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Workers, 770 F.3d 48, 54 (1st Cir. 2014) ; see also 29 U.S.C. § 185(a). . . . Workers, Local 71, 502 U.S. 93, 103, 112 S.Ct. 494, 116 L.Ed.2d 419 (1991) ; Lydon, 770 F.3d at 54 (" . . . See Lydon, 770 F.3d at 54. The matter of remedy remains. . . .

BENTLEY, v. AUTOZONERS, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 76 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Carlone , 770 F.3d 97, 114 (2d Cir. 2014) (quoting Harris v. . . . Carlone , 770 F.3d at 114 (internal quotation marks omitted), the record evidence would not permit it . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT Al v. P. BARR, K. U. S. T. U. S. P. U. S. U. S., 934 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Braunskill , 481 U.S. 770, 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987), factor -likelihood of success . . . Braunskill , 481 U.S. 770, 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987). . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rptr. 770, 777 (1979) ("The state with the 'predominant' interest in controlling conduct normally is . . .

UNITED STATES v. CLARK,, 935 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sutton , 742 F.3d 770, 773 (7th Cir. 2014). . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 103, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011). . . . Woodall , 572 U.S. at 427, 134 S.Ct. 1697 (quoting Richter , 562 U.S. at 103, 131 S.Ct. 770 ). . . . Richter , 562 U.S. at 103, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . possibility for fairminded disagreement.' " (footnote omitted) (quoting Richter , 562 U.S. at 103, 131 S.Ct. 770 . . .

ARCHER AND WHITE SALES, INCORPORATED, v. HENRY SCHEIN, INCORPORATED L. L. C. L. L. C., 935 F.3d 274 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . UBS Securities, LLC , 770 F.3d 1010 (2d Cir. 2014). That agreement provided in relevant part: A. . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . F.T.C. , 526 U.S. 756, 770, 119 S.Ct. 1604, 143 L.Ed.2d 935 (1999). . . .

J. MALOUF, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,, 933 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . EPA , 770 F.3d 919, 933 (10th Cir. 2014) (stating that it "was too late" to present a new issue in the . . .

SMITH, OSF v. OSF HEALTHCARE SYSTEM,, 933 F.3d 859 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Redbox Automated Retail, LLC , 770 F.3d 618, 622-23 (7th Cir. 2014). . . .

NAUMOVSKI, v. NORRIS, 934 F.3d 200 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Carlone , 770 F.3d 97, 113-14 (2d Cir. 2014) ("[S]tate and local officials can be held individually liable . . . Raspardo, 770 F.3d at 114 (internal quotation marks omitted). See, e.g. , Patterson v. . . . See Raspardo , 770 F.3d at 114-15 ; Vasquez v. . . . Raspardo , 770 F.3d at 115 (emphasis in original); see also Littlejohn v. . . . Raspardo , 770 F.3d at 125 ("[A] § 1983 claim for sex discrimination is analyzed under the burden-shifting . . .

SHIFFLETT, v. Mr. KORSZNIAK, SCI Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. P., 934 F.3d 356 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Plakins (Argued), Bonner Kiernan Trebach & Crociata, 1801 Market Street, Ten Penn Center, Suite 770, . . .

CLARK, v. WARDEN,, 934 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sain , 372 U.S. 293, 309 n.6, 83 S.Ct. 745, 9 L.Ed.2d 770 (1963) ("By 'issues of fact' we mean to refer . . .

LIVADITIS, v. DAVIS,, 933 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 102, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011). . . . Id. at 101, 131 S.Ct. 770 (quotation marks omitted). . . . U.S. 170, 188, 131 S.Ct. 1388, 179 L.Ed.2d 557 (2011) (quoting Richter , 562 U.S. at 98, 131 S.Ct. 770 . . . Richter , 562 U.S. at 105, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . See Richter , 562 U.S. at 105, 131 S.Ct. 770. AFFIRMED. . . .

J. AVENA, v. CHAPPELL,, 932 F.3d 1237 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 104, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) (quoting Strickland , 466 U.S. at 689 . . . Harrington , 562 U.S. at 101, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . .

PARENT PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY LEAGUE M. W. a F. D. S. S. a S. Y. v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS J., 934 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Comm. of P.R., 648 F.2d 770, 774 (1st Cir. 1981) )). . . .

VALBRUNA SLATER STEEL CORPORATION, v. JOSLYN MANUFACTURING COMPANY,, 934 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hendrickson Publishers, Inc. , 770 N.E.2d 784, 791 (Ind. 2002), addressed an exclusively federal counterclaim . . . state court had no jurisdiction over the subject matter of the counterclaim, it cannot be "compulsory." 770 . . . See 770 N.E.2d at 791 n.2. . . .

CHAVEZ, De E. De De De v. OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a, 933 F.3d 186 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Habluetzel , 456 U.S. 91, 99, 102 S.Ct. 1549, 71 L.Ed.2d 770 (1982) (long periods of limitations may . . .

O NEAL, v. BALCARCEL,, 933 F.3d 618 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 59-60 (Page ID #770-71). . . .

PALIN, v. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY,, 933 F.3d 160 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See G & A Books, 770 F.2d at 295; Northville Downs v. Granholm, , 585-86 (6th Cir. 2010). . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS,, 933 F.3d 605 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Castro-Ponce , 770 F.3d 819, 821-22 (9th Cir. 2014) ; United States v. . . .

WALLER, v. CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, a, 932 F.3d 1277 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Grand Junction Police Dep't , 717 F.3d 760, 770 (10th Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted . . .

UNITED STATES v. P. MAZZULLA, 932 F.3d 1091 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Milk, 281 F.3d 762, 770 (8th Cir. 2002) (overwhelming evidence of intent to distribute included a quantity . . .

CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION v. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL PENSION FUND,, 932 F.3d 91 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . ManWeb Servs., Inc. , 884 F.3d 770, 781 (7th Cir. 2018) (applying the Ninth Circuit's analysis to MPPAA . . .

D. LEISER, v. KLOTH,, 933 F.3d 696 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bender , 600 F.3d 770, 778 (7th Cir. 2010). . . .

AYESTAS, v. DAVIS,, 933 F.3d 384 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 109, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) (citation omitted). . . .

ATLAS BREW WORKS, LLC, v. P. BARR,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 6 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Wilson, 770 F. Supp. 539 (E.D. Cal. 1991), is anything but. . . .

In MATTER OF THOMAS v., 931 F.3d 449 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . See H.R. 449 (Jan. 21, 2015); H.R. 2366 (May 4, 2017); H.R. 770 (Jan. 24, 2019). . . .

CHRONIS, v. UNITED STATES, 932 F.3d 544 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pauley , 337 F.3d 767, 770 (7th Cir. 2003) (a court's job is to suspend credibility determinations when . . .

MCCOTTRELL S. v. WHITE, 933 F.3d 651 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pauley , 337 F.3d 767, 770 (7th Cir. 2003). . . . Thomas & Skinner, Inc ., 770 F.2d 93, 97 (7th Cir. 1985) (" 'Summary judgment is notoriously inappropriate . . .

UNITED STATES v. MASSIMINO, 389 F. Supp. 3d 357 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 110, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687 . . .

RUIZ- CORTEZ, v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 931 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Funds in the Amount of One Hundred Thousand & One Hundred Twenty Dollars ($100,120.00) , 901 F.3d 758, 770 . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. WISEMAN, Jr., 932 F.3d 411 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bedford , 770 F. . . .

DIXON, v. L. RYAN,, 932 F.3d 789 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 98, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Richter , 562 U.S. at 103, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Richter , 562 U.S. at 101, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Id. at 102, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Id . at 105, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . .

MEJIA- CASTANON, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 931 F.3d 224 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 770 F.3d 431, 434-35 (6th Cir. 2014) ; Yi Di Wang v. . . .

PETERSON, v. HEYMES,, 931 F.3d 546 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Torres , 770 F.3d 398, 403 (6th Cir. 2014). . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bender , 600 F.3d 770, 786 (7th Cir. 2010), the reasoning of the Sixth, Ninth, and Tenth circuits demonstrates . . . Bender , 600 F.3d 770, 784-86 (7th Cir. 2010). . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ass'n , 555 U.S. 353, 355, 129 S.Ct. 1093, 172 L.Ed.2d 770 (2009) (although "[t]he First Amendment prohibits . . .

DOE, v. TRUMP CORPORATION,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 265 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Chevron Corp. , 770 F.3d 170, 177 (2d Cir. 2014) (citation omitted). . . .

W. EATON, v. PACHECO,, 931 F.3d 1009 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Braunskill , 481 U.S. 770, 775, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987) (noting that in addition to ordering . . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 103, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011). . . . Richter , 562 U.S. at 102, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Id. at 103, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . .

HARTMAN v. THOMPSON, 931 F.3d 471 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . (Page ID #770-71). . . .

AIR EVAC EMS, INC. v. USABLE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,, 931 F.3d 647 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . considered whether an assignment conveyed the right to sue for breach of fiduciary duty under § 1132(a)(2). 770 . . .

MATSON, v. SANDERSON FARMS, INC., 388 F. Supp. 3d 853 (S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Aging & Disability Servs. , 781 F.3d 764, 770 (5th Cir. 2015) ); Acker v. Gen. . . .

KERR, V. M. E. K. W. B. C. Ph. D. A. L. M. D. L. Re- E. a k a J. L. a k a L. P. W. Re- K. C. Re- J. Re- IJ G. v. POLIS,, 930 F.3d 1190 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lasshofer , 770 F.3d 1331, 1345 (10th Cir. 2014) (citing Wilderness Soc. v. . . .

WECKESSER, v. KNIGHT ENTERPRISES S. E. LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 529 (D.S.C. 2019)

. . . DirectSat USA, LLC , 705 F.3d 770, 773 (7th Cir. 2013), similarly dealing with independent contractors . . .

BIGSBY, Jr. v. BARCLAYS CAPITAL REAL ESTATE, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 336 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 762, 770 (N.D. . . .

NNEBE, v. DAUS, v., 931 F.3d 66 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . July 10, 2002) (alteration omitted), rev'd on other grounds , 3 A.D.3d 345, 770 N.Y.S.2d 344 (2004). . . .

MARINELARENA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sessions , 887 F.3d 770, 776 (6th Cir. 2018), cert. denied sub nom. Gutierrez v. . . . Sessions , 887 F.3d 770, 779 (6th Cir. 2018) ("[W]here a petitioner for relief under the INA was convicted . . .

E. HORSEY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 97 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d at 270 (emphasis in original) (citing Rattigan II , 689 F.3d at 770 ). . . . Id. at 270 (emphasis in original) (citing Rattigan II , 689 F.3d at 770 ). . . .

TRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY, v. EVERLIGHT ELECTRONICS CO. LTD. v. v. On, 392 F. Supp. 3d 120 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Chris Craft Corp., 770 F.2d 245, 249 (1st Cir. 1985). . . .

CAUSE OF ACTION INSTITUTE, v. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 84 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Homeland Sec. , 895 F.3d 770, 781 (D.C. . . . Intelligence Agency , 770 F. . . .

M. RETFALVI, v. UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 600 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bidwell , 182 U.S. 244, 370, 21 S.Ct. 770, 45 L.Ed. 1088 (1901) (Fuller, C.J., dissenting) ("And it certainly . . .

VUGO, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK,, 931 F.3d 42 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Shaker Heights , 418 U.S. 298, 302-03, 94 S.Ct. 2714, 41 L.Ed.2d 770 (1974) (plurality opinion . . .

SHOCKLEY, v. PRIMELENDING, a, 929 F.3d 1012 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bristol Care, Inc. , 450 S.W.3d 770, 774 (Mo. 2014) (en banc). . . .

VENCKIENE, v. UNITED STATES, 929 F.3d 843 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Braunskill , 481 U.S. 770, 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987). . . .

GREEN, v. KENNEWAY,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 275 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 99, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) ). . . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 105, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) ; see also Rompilla , 545 U.S. at 380 . . . Harrington , 562 U.S. at 105, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . Perrin , 570 F.2d 21, 25 (1st Cir. 1978) )); see also Harrington , 562 U.S. at 111, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . amounted to incompetence under prevailing professional norms," Harrington , 562 U.S. at 105, 131 S.Ct. 770 . . .

A. SEVER, v. CITY OF SALEM,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 299 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Titeflex Corp., 770 F.3d 978, 981 (1st Cir. 2014) (quoting Lujan v. . . . Kerin addressed "the question of standing based on a theory of enhanced risk of future injury." 770 F . . . Kerin, 770 F.3d at 982. Standing is "more frequently found" in these cases. Id. . . . See Kerin, 770 F.3d at 982 (explaining need for " 'tight connection between the type of injury ... allege . . . See Kerin, 770 F.3d at 980 n.1 (collecting cases). . . .

UNIVERSAL CABLE PRODUCTIONS, LLC, a LLC, a v. ATLANTIC SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, a, 929 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Arpaio , 770 F.3d 772, 777 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc). . . . Co. , 48 Cal.3d 395, 257 Cal.Rptr. 292, 770 P.2d 704 (Cal. 1989) ). . . .

REIGN, v. GIDLEY,, 929 F.3d 777 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 101, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) (quotation marks omitted). . . .

MAZUR, KYC LLC LLC U. S. v. OSPINA BARAYA,, 275 So. 3d 812 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Indeed, the "other medium" language is not found anywhere else in chapter 770. . . . "Since no other section of [c]hapter 770 uses the language 'other medium' as found in [s]ection 770.01 . . .

UNITED STATES v. FIGUEROA- FIGUEROA,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 70 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Chris Craft Corp. , 770 F.2d 245, 247 (1st Cir. 1985), cert. denied , 474 U.S. 1021, 106 S.Ct. 571, 88 . . . Gómez, 770 F.2d 251, 254 (1st Cir. 1985) ; United States v. . . .

REID v. DONELAN,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 201 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Arpaio, 770 F.3d 772, 792 n.16 (9th Cir. 2014) (explaining that "bail-denial schemes" in the criminal . . .

BRUCKER, v. CITY OF DORAVILLE, a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1207 (N.D. Ga. 2019)

. . . City of Macedonia, 180 F.3d 770, 779 (6th Cir. 1999) ; Alpha Epsilon Phi Tau Chapter Housing Ass'n v. . . . City of Macedonia, 180 F.3d 770, 779 (6th Cir. 1999). . . . City of Macedonia, 180 F.3d 770, 780 (6th Cir. 1999) (only a "fairly small amount of general fund revenue . . .

TOWNES TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. v. NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 585 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . UBS Securities, LLC , 770 F.3d 1010, 1023-24 (2d Cir. 2014), the Second Circuit concluded that federal . . . Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. , 770 F.3d 414, 416 (6th Cir. 2014). . . .

W. WEINSTEIN, v. C. KRUMPTER, E. P. B. I- IV,, 386 F. Supp. 3d 220 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . O'Hare , 770 F.3d 224, 231-32 (2d Cir. 2014) (quoting Kirk v. Louisiana , 536 U.S. 635, 638, 122 S. . . . Id. at 770. . . .

DOE, M. D. E. D. K. D. v. J. MERON, NSA DOD R. DOD E. DOD DOD NSA DOD EURAFSWA a U. S. EURAFSWA FAR NSA DOD, 929 F.3d 153 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johns Hopkins Health System Corporation , 907 F.3d 766, 770 (4th Cir. 2018). . . .

UNITED STATES v. L. WILLIAMS,, 929 F.3d 539 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Smart, 393 F.3d 767, 770 (8th Cir. 2005). . . .

SIERRA CLUB v. J. TRUMP, T. K., 929 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Braunskill , 481 U.S. 770, 776, 107 S.Ct. 2113, 95 L.Ed.2d 724 (1987) ). . . .

GREIFF, v. LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NORTH AMERICA,, 386 F. Supp. 3d 1111 (D. Ariz. 2019)

. . . United Healthcare of Ariz., Inc. , 770 F.3d 1282, 1299 (9th Cir. 2014). . . . exhaustion requirement applies only if the ERISA plan itself requires exhaustion of administrative remedies. 770 . . .

AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION LOCAL v. SPOKANE TRANSIT AUTHORITY,, 929 F.3d 643 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Shaker Heights , 418 U.S. 298, 303-04, 94 S.Ct. 2714, 41 L.Ed.2d 770 (1974) (same for bus advertising . . .

RAULERSON, Jr. v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 987 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 101, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) ); see also Harrington , 562 U.S. at . . . 101, 131 S.Ct. 770 ("[A]n unreasonable application of federal law is different from an incorrect application . . .

DURAND, v. GOGUEN,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 54 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 97, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011). . . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 102, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) ; see also Williams v. . . . Harrington , 562 U.S. at 101, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . .

UNITED STATES v. K. P. KAUFFMAN COMPANY, INC., 389 F. Supp. 3d 935 (D. Colo. 2019)

. . . Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation , 770 F.3d 944, 947 (10th Cir. 2014) ). . . .

MORRIS, v. STATE, 275 So. 3d 230 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 112, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. LICKERS,, 928 F.3d 609 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fifer , 863 F.3d 759, 770 (7th Cir. 2017). For these reasons, we AFFIRM. . . .

P. MITCHELL, v. WISCONSIN, 139 S. Ct. 2525 (U.S. 2019)

. . . to obtain a warrant, under the circumstances, threatened the destruction of evidence." 384 U.S., at 770 . . . California , 384 U.S. 757, 770-772, 86 S.Ct. 1826, 16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966). . . . California , 384 U.S. 757, 770, 86 S.Ct. 1826, 16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966). . . . Id., at 770-771, 86 S.Ct. 1826. . . . See id., at 762, 770, 86 S.Ct. 1826. . . .

L. J. BY N. N. J. N. N. J. v. SCHOOL BOARD OF BROWARD COUNTY,, 927 F.3d 1203 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . District of Columbia , 770 F. Supp. 2d 270, 275 (D.D.C. 2011) ). . . .