Florida Statutes

Fla. Stat. § 812.13 (2025)

Robbery.

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812.13 Robbery.—

(1) “Robbery” means the taking of money or other property which may be the subject of larceny from the person or custody of another, with intent to either permanently or temporarily deprive the person or the owner of the money or other property, when in the course of the taking there is the use of force, violence, assault, or putting in fear.

(2)(a) If in the course of committing the robbery the offender carried a firearm or other deadly weapon, then the robbery is a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life imprisonment or as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(b) If in the course of committing the robbery the offender carried a weapon, then the robbery is a felony of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(c) If in the course of committing the robbery the offender carried no firearm, deadly weapon, or other weapon, then the robbery is a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3)(a) An act shall be deemed “in the course of committing the robbery” if it occurs in an attempt to commit robbery or in flight after the attempt or commission.

(b) An act shall be deemed “in the course of the taking” if it occurs either prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if it and the act of taking constitute a continuous series of acts or events.

History.—s. 1, ch. 28217, 1953; s. 1, ch. 29930, 1955; s. 839, ch. 71-136; s. 38, ch. 74-383; s. 29, ch. 75-298; s. 1, ch. 87-315; s. 1, ch. 92-155.

Note.—Former s. 813.011.

Arrestable Offenses under F.S. 812.13

M = misdemeanor · F = felony · degree: F=1st S=2nd T=3rd

§812.13(2a)ROBBERYCOMMIT ROBBERY WITH FIREARMF · 1st

§812.13(2b)ROBBERYROBBERY WITH WEAPONF · 1st

§812.13(2c)ROBBERYROBBERY WITH NO FIREARM OR WEAPONF · 2nd

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 1,114 cases (68 in the last 5 years), 1976–2026 · leading case: State v. Burris, 875 So. 2d 408 (Fla. 2004).

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State v. Burris, 875 So. 2d 408 (Fla. 2004). · cites it 26× “Section 812.13, Florida Statutes (2001), provides: (1) "Robbery" means the taking of money or other property .”

United States v. Isaac Seabrooks, 839 F.3d 1326 (11th Cir. 2016). · cites it 10× “Fla. Stat. § 812.13 (1995) (emphasis added).”

Stokeling v. United States, 139 S. Ct. 544 (2019). · cites it 6× “" Fla. Stat. § 812.13 (1) (1995). The Florida Supreme Court has explained that the "use of force" necessary to commit robbery requires "resistance by the victim that is overcome by the physical force of the offender.”

United States v. Lockley, 632 F.3d 1238 (11th Cir. 2011). · cites it 8× “1, 2008), because his prior conviction for attempted robbery in violation of Fla. Stat. §§ 812.13 (1) and 777.04(1) was not a “crime of violence” under § 4B1.”

McKinney v. State, 66 So. 3d 852 (Fla. 2011). · cites it 14× “§ 812.13, Fla. Stat. (2007). Section 812.”

United States v. Derwin Fritts, 841 F.3d 937 (11th Cir. 2016). · cites it 4× “Fla. Stat. § 812.13 (1), (2)(a) (1987) (emphasis added).”

United States v. Keenan Joyner, 882 F.3d 1369 (11th Cir. 2018). · cites it 7× “01 , (2) a 2009 conviction for attempted strong arm robbery, in violation of Fla. Stat. §§ 812.13 (1), (2)(c), & 777.04, and (3) a 2009 conviction for possession of cocaine with intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver, in violation of Fla.”

Grant v. State, 138 So. 3d 1079 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014). · cites it 19× “” § 812.13(1), Fla. Stat. (2010). “[T]o prove attempted armed robbery, the State must show: (1) the formation of an intent to commit the crime of robbery; (2) the commission of some physical act in furtherance of the robbery; and (3) the use of a firearm.”

United States v. Denard Stokeling, 684 F. App'x 870 (11th Cir. 2017). · cites it 10× “PER CURIAM: This appeal presents the question whether a conviction for Florida robbery, Fla. Stat. § 812.13 , from before Florida passed a “robbery by sudden snatching” * Honorable Danny J.”

Dean Kenneth Rockmore v. State of Florida, 140 So. 3d 979 (Fla. 2014). · cites it 31× “-6- § 812.13(1), Fla. Stat. (2013). The robbery statute further provides that “[a]n act shall be deemed ‘in the course of the taking’ if it occurs either prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if it and the act of taking constitute a…”

Cruller v. State, 808 So. 2d 201 (Fla. 2002). · cites it 10× “The only difference between the two offenses of robbery and carjacking is that robbery involves the taking of "money or other property which may be the subject of larceny," § 812.13, Fla. Stat.; whereas, carjacking is limited to "the taking of a motor vehicle which may be the…”

Durousseau v. State, 55 So. 3d 543 (Fla. 2010). · cites it 8× “§ 812.13(1), Fla.Stat. (1999). The phrase "in the course of the taking" means the theft "occurs either prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if it and the act of taking constitute a continuous series of acts or events.”

Show all 1,114 citing cases →

— 812.13(1) — 218 cases

Royal v. State, 452 So. 2d 1098 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984).

Durousseau v. State, 55 So. 3d 543 (Fla. 2010). “§ 812.13(1), Fla.Stat. (1999). The phrase "in the course of the taking" means the theft "occurs either prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if it and the act of taking constitute a continuous series of acts or events.”

Dean Kenneth Rockmore v. State of Florida, 140 So. 3d 979 (Fla. 2014). “-6- § 812.13(1), Fla. Stat. (2013). The robbery statute further provides that “[a]n act shall be deemed ‘in the course of the taking’ if it occurs either prior to, contemporaneous with, or subsequent to the taking of the property and if it and the act of taking constitute a…”

Francis v. State, 808 So. 2d 110 (Fla. 2001).

Magnotti v. State, 842 So. 2d 963 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003).

— 812.13(1)(c) — 1 case

Turner v. State, 901 So. 2d 233 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005).

— 812.13(2) — 32 cases

Alvarez v. State, 358 So. 2d 10 (Fla. 1978).

Growden v. State, 372 So. 2d 930 (Fla. 1979).

Dallas v. State, 898 So. 2d 163 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005).

Rodriquez v. State, 443 So. 2d 236 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983).

Fowler v. State, 375 So. 2d 879 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979).

— 812.13(2)(B) — 1 case

Tranisha Epps v. State of Florida (Fla. 4th DCA 2019).

— 812.13(2)(C) — 1 case

Tranisha Epps v. State of Florida (Fla. 4th DCA 2019).

— 812.13(2)(a) — 372 cases

State v. Burris, 875 So. 2d 408 (Fla. 2004). “Section 812.13, Florida Statutes (2001), provides: (1) "Robbery" means the taking of money or other property .”

Jose Martinez v. State of Florida, 211 So. 3d 989 (Fla. 2017).

Grant v. State, 138 So. 3d 1079 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014). “” § 812.13(1), Fla. Stat. (2010). “[T]o prove attempted armed robbery, the State must show: (1) the formation of an intent to commit the crime of robbery; (2) the commission of some physical act in furtherance of the robbery; and (3) the use of a firearm.”

BC v. Dept. of Child. & Families, 887 So. 2d 1046 (Fla. 2004).

McDonald v. State, 957 So. 2d 605 (Fla. 2007).

— 812.13(2)(a)(1993) — 1 case

Jones v. State, 648 So. 2d 1210 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995).

— 812.13(2)(b) — 97 cases

McCray v. State, 358 So. 2d 615 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978).

Stanley v. State, 757 So. 2d 1275 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000).

Butler v. State, 602 So. 2d 1303 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992).

Jenkins v. State, 747 So. 2d 997 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999).

DePasquale v. State, 438 So. 2d 159 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983).

— 812.13(2)(c) — 141 cases

Clark v. State, 43 So. 3d 814 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010).

Butler v. State, 602 So. 2d 1303 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992).

Gordon v. State, 219 So. 3d 189 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017).

Bain v. State, 730 So. 2d 296 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999).

State v. Burris, 875 So. 2d 408 (Fla. 2004). “Section 812.13, Florida Statutes (2001), provides: (1) "Robbery" means the taking of money or other property .”

— 812.13(2)(e) — 4 cases

McClain v. State, 633 So. 2d 1131 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994).

Vigil v. State, 684 So. 2d 847 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).

Cuthbertson v. State, 657 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995).

Thomas v. State, 777 So. 2d 1085 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001).

— 812.13(2Xc) — 1 case

Beers v. Palm Beach Cnty., 415 So. 2d 846 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982).

— 812.13(3) — 7 cases

Stufflebean v. State, 436 So. 2d 244 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983).

Royal v. State, 452 So. 2d 1098 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984).

Andre v. State, 431 So. 2d 1042 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983).

McConnehead v. State, 515 So. 2d 1046 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987).

Johnson v. State, 700 So. 2d 151 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997).

— 812.13(3)(a) — 14 cases

Parker v. State, 570 So. 2d 1048 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990).

Connolly, Jr. v. State, 172 So. 3d 893 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015).

Ridgeway v. State, 128 So. 3d 935 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013).

— 812.13(3)(b) — 39 cases

Gore v. State, 784 So. 2d 418 (Fla. 2001).

Rogers v. State, 783 So. 2d 980 (Fla. 2001).

Perry v. State, 801 So. 2d 78 (Fla. 2001).

— 812.13(8)(a) — 2 cases

Connolly, Jr. v. State, 172 So. 3d 893 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015).

— 812.13(S)(b) — 1 case

Peterson v. State, 24 So. 3d 686 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009).

— 812.13(a) — 1 case

Armstrong v. State, 931 So. 2d 187 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006).

— 812.13(b) — 2 cases

Evans v. State, 737 So. 2d 1167 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999).

Shannon v. State, 348 So. 2d 57 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977).

— 812.13(c) — 4 cases

Garcia v. State, 454 So. 2d 714 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984).

A.M. v. State, 790 So. 2d 1233 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).

Sias v. State, 464 So. 2d 1276 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985).

AM Ex Rel. DM v. State, 790 So. 2d 1233 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001).

— 812.13(l) — 1 case

Figgs v. State, 123 So. 3d 680 (Fla. 5th DCA 2013).

— 812.13(l)(a) — 1 case

Fournier v. State, 827 So. 2d 399 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002).

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