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Florida Statute 837 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research

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The 2023 Florida Statutes

Title XLVI
CRIMES

Chapter 837
PERJURY

View Entire Chapter

CHAPTER 837

PERJURY

837.011 Definitions.

837.012 Perjury when not in an official proceeding.

837.02 Perjury in official proceedings.

837.021 Perjury by contradictory statements.

837.05 False reports to law enforcement authorities.

837.055 False information to law enforcement during investigation.

837.06 False official statements.

837.07 Recantation as a defense.

837.011 Definitions.—In this chapter, unless a different meaning plainly is required:

(1) “Official proceeding” means a proceeding heard, or which may be or is required to be heard, before any legislative, judicial, administrative, or other governmental agency or official authorized to take evidence under oath, including any referee, general or special magistrate, administrative law judge, hearing officer, hearing examiner, commissioner, notary, or other person taking testimony or a deposition in connection with any such proceeding.

(2) “Oath” includes affirmation or any other form of attestation required or authorized by law by which a person acknowledges that he or she is bound in conscience or law to testify truthfully in an official proceeding or other official matter.

(3) “Material matter” means any subject, regardless of its admissibility under the rules of evidence, which could affect the course or outcome of the proceeding. Whether a matter is material in a given factual situation is a question of law.

History.—s. 53, ch. 74-383; s. 316, ch. 96-410; s. 1823, ch. 97-102; s. 98, ch. 2004-11.

837.012 Perjury when not in an official proceeding.—

(1) Whoever makes a false statement, which he or she does not believe to be true, under oath, not in an official proceeding, in regard to any material matter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(2) Knowledge of the materiality of the statement is not an element of this crime, and the defendant’s mistaken belief that his or her statement was not material is not a defense.

History.—s. 2, ch. 1637, 1868; RS 2560; GS 3472; RGS 5341; CGL 7474; s. 997, ch. 71-136; s. 54, ch. 74-383; s. 32, ch. 75-298; s. 205, ch. 91-224; s. 1310, ch. 97-102.

Note.—Former s. 837.01.

837.02 Perjury in official proceedings.—

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), whoever makes a false statement, which he or she does not believe to be true, under oath in an official proceeding in regard to any material matter, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(2) Whoever makes a false statement, which he or she does not believe to be true, under oath in an official proceeding that relates to the prosecution of a capital felony, commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3) Knowledge of the materiality of the statement is not an element of the crime of perjury under subsection (1) or subsection (2), and the defendant’s mistaken belief that the statement was not material is not a defense.

History.—s. 1, sub-ch. 6, ch. 1637, 1868; RS 2561; GS 3473; RGS 5343; CGL 7477; s. 998, ch. 71-136; s. 55, ch. 74-383; s. 33, ch. 75-298; s. 3, ch. 97-90; s. 1311, ch. 97-102.

837.021 Perjury by contradictory statements.—

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), whoever, in one or more official proceedings, willfully makes two or more material statements under oath which contradict each other, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(2) Whoever, in one or more official proceedings that relate to the prosecution of a capital felony, willfully makes two or more material statements under oath which contradict each other, commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3) In any prosecution for perjury under this section:

(a) The prosecution may proceed in a single count by setting forth the willful making of contradictory statements under oath and alleging in the alternative that one or more of them are false.

(b) The question of whether a statement was material is a question of law to be determined by the court.

(d) It is a defense that the accused believed each statement to be true at the time the statement was made.

(4) A person may not be prosecuted under this section for making contradictory statements in separate proceedings if the contradictory statement made in the most recent proceeding was made under a grant of immunity under s. 914.04; but such person may be prosecuted under s. 837.02 for any false statement made in that most recent proceeding, and the contradictory statements may be received against him or her upon any criminal investigation or proceeding for such perjury.

History.—s. 1, ch. 72-314; s. 56, ch. 74-383; s. 34, ch. 75-298; s. 2, ch. 85-41; s. 4, ch. 97-90; s. 1312, ch. 97-102.

837.05 False reports to law enforcement authorities.—

(1)(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) or subsection (2), a person who knowingly gives false information to a law enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of any crime, commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(b) A person who commits a violation of paragraph (a) commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084, if the person has previously been convicted of a violation of paragraph (a) and subparagraph 1. or subparagraph 2. applies:

1. The information the person gave to the law enforcement officer was communicated orally and the officer’s account of that information is corroborated by:

a. An audio recording or audio recording in a video of that information;

b. A written or recorded statement made by the person who gave that information; or

c. Another person who was present when that person gave that information to the officer and heard that information.

2. The information the person gave to the law enforcement officer was communicated in writing.

(2) A person who knowingly gives false information to a law enforcement officer concerning the alleged commission of a capital felony, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 57, ch. 74-383; s. 34, ch. 75-298; s. 206, ch. 91-224; s. 5, ch. 97-90; s. 1, ch. 2013-117.

837.055 False information to law enforcement during investigation.—

(1) Whoever knowingly and willfully gives false information to a law enforcement officer who is conducting a missing person investigation or a felony criminal investigation with the intent to mislead the officer or impede the investigation commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(2) Whoever knowingly and willfully gives false information to a law enforcement officer who is conducting a missing person investigation involving a child 16 years of age or younger with the intent to mislead the officer or impede the investigation, and the child who is the subject of the investigation suffers great bodily harm, permanent disability, permanent disfigurement, or death, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2006-142; s. 1, ch. 2012-53.

837.06 False official statements.—Whoever knowingly makes a false statement in writing with the intent to mislead a public servant in the performance of his or her official duty shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 58, ch. 74-383; s. 34, ch. 75-298; s. 207, ch. 91-224; s. 1313, ch. 97-102.

837.07 Recantation as a defense.—Recantation shall be a defense to any prosecution for perjury or false statement only if the person making the false statement admits such statement to be false in the same continuous proceeding or matter, and:

(1) The false statement has not substantially affected the proceeding; or

(2) Such admission is made before it has become manifest that such false statement has been or will be exposed.

History.—s. 1, ch. 90-126.

F.S. 837 on Google Scholar

F.S. 837 on Casetext

Amendments to 837

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 837

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S837.012 - PERJURY - NOT IN OFFICIAL PROCEEDING - M: F

S837.02 - PERJURY - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 8511 - F: T

S837.02 1 - PERJURY - MAKE FALSE AFFIDAVIT IN OFFICIAL PROCEEDING - F: T

S837.02 2 - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - IN PROSECUTION OF CAPITAL FELONY - F: S

S837.021 1 - PERJURY - CONTRADICTORY STATEMENTS OFFICIAL PROCEEDING - F: T

S837.021 2 - PERJURY - PROSECUTION CAP FELONY CONTRADICT STATEMENTS - F: S

S837.05 1 - MAKING FALSE REPORT - RENUMBERED. SEE REC #S 7522 AND 7523 - M: F

S837.05 1a - MAKING FALSE REPORT - KNOWINGLY GIVE FALSE INFO TO LEO ALLGD CRIME - M: F

S837.05 1b - MAKING FALSE REPORT - KNOW GIVE FALSE INFOR TO LEO ALLGD CRIME SUBSQ - F: T

S837.05 2 - MAKING FALSE REPORT - FALSE INFO TO LEO RE CAPITAL FELONY - F: T

S837.055 - OBSTRUCT CRIMINAL INVEST - FALSE INFO TO LEO RE MISSING PERSON OR FELONY - M: F

S837.055 1 - OBSTRUCT CRIMINAL INVEST - FALSE INFO TO LEO RE MISSING PERSON OR FELONY - M: F

S837.055 2 - OBSTRUCT CRIMINAL INVEST - FALSE INFO TO LEO RE MISSING PERSON LT 16 YOA - F: T

S837.06 - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - OFFICIAL STATEMENT - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

10 Cases from Casetext:Date Descending

U.S. Supreme Court

11th Cir. - Ct. App.11th Cir. - MD FL11th Cir. - ND FL11th Cir. - SD FLFed. Reg.Secondary Sources - All

Batson v. Fla. Dep't of Corr.
22-cv-14354-BLOOM/Reinhart (S.D. Fla. Sep. 20, 2023)
Motion to dismiss
305 untolled days later, Petitioner filed a Rule 3.850 Motion on June 7, 2013. The federal limitations period remained tolled during the pendency of proceedings on the Rule 3.850 Motion. The Post-Conviction Court issued an Amended Judgment and Sentence, vacating Count I over double jeopardy concerns. See ECF No. [8-3] at 258-60. Petitioner's Amended Judgment and Sentence present a question as to whether the federal limitations period should restart on November 30, 2018-the date Petitioner's Amended Judgment and Sentence became final. The Eleventh Circuit has yet to answer this question. See McMeans v. Alabama, 2022 WL 2911803, at *4 n.6 (M.D. Ala. July 11, 2022) (Coody, Mag. J.) (“Chief Judge Carnes noted that, in the Eleventh Circuit, open questions remain as to whether a ‘non-detrimental change' in a sentence allows a prisoner to file a federal habeas petition challenging his original, undisturbed conviction as though the conviction had occurred at the date of the change in the sentence.” (citing Patterson v. Sec'y, Fla. Dep't of Corr., 849 F.3d 1321, 1328-29 (11th Cir. 2017) (Carnes, C.J., concurring))), report and recommendation adopted, 2022 WL 2913002 (M.D. Ala. July 22…
Simple Minds Ltd. v. The Individuals
No. 23-CV-22219-RAR (S.D. Fla. Sep. 19, 2023)
4 more...
The Court has wide discretion to determine the amount of statutory damages warranted in cases such as this. See PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1219 (citing Cable/Home Commc'n Corp. v. Network Prods., Inc., 902 F.2d 829, 852 (11th Cir. 1990)). An award of statutory damages is appropriate despite a plaintiff's inability to prove actual damages caused by a defendant's infringement. Ford Motor Co. v. Cross, 441 F.Supp.2d 837, 852 (E.D. Mich. 2006) (“[A] successful plaintiff in a trademark infringement case is entitled to recover enhanced statutory damages even where its actual damages are nominal or non-existent.”); Playboy Enters., Inc. v. Universal Tel-A-Talk, Inc., No. CIV. A. 96-6961, 1998 WL 767440, at *8 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 3, 1998) (awarding statutory damages where plaintiff failed to prove defendants' profits or actual damages). The option of a statutory damages remedy in trademark counterfeiting cases is sensible given evidence of a defendant's profits in such cases is frequently almost impossible to ascertain. See, e.g., S. Rep. No. 104-177, pt. V § 7, at 10 (1995) (discussing purposes of Lanham Act statutory damages); PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1220…
Ferguson v. Palm Beach Cnty. Sheriff's Dep't of Corr.
No. 23-CV-81264-RAR (S.D. Fla. Sep. 19, 2023)
Motion to dismiss
Although the Court must hold the allegations in a pro se civil rights complaint “to a less stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers,” Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520 (1972), pro se litigants are still required to comply with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Local Rules of the Southern District of Florida, see Moon v. Newsome, 863 F.2d 835, 837 (11th Cir. 1989) (“[A pro se litigant] is subject to the relevant law and rules of court, including the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.”); see also S.D. FLA. L.R. 1.1 (explaining the Local Rules apply in all proceedings unless otherwise indicated and that the word “counsel” shall apply to a party that is proceeding pro se). The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require, in pertinent part, that a pleading that states a claim for relief contain “a short and plain statement of the grounds for a court's jurisdiction,” “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,” and “a demand for the relief sought[.]” FED. R. CIV. P. 8(a). “A party must state its claims or defenses in numbered paragraphs, each limited as far as practicable to a single set of…
United States v. Cruickshank
8:14-cr-55-SDM-AAS (M.D. Fla. Sep. 19, 2023)
Cruickshank appealed. The appellate court affirmed his convictions but vacated his sentence and remanded the case for resentencing. United States v. Cruickshank, 837 F.3d 1187, 1187 (11th Cir. 2016). Cruickshank was resentenced to 240 months.
PAGE 2
United Statesr v. Salazar
8:19-cr-278-SDM-SPF (M.D. Fla. Sep. 19, 2023)
In Ground Three Salazar claims that his prosecution violates due process because the conspiracy lacked any nexus to the United States. (Civ. Doc. 2 at 17) The circuit court has repeatedly rejected such due process challenges to the MDLEA. Campbell, 743 F.3d at 812 (“[T]he Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment does not prohibit the trial and conviction of an alien captured on the high seas while drug trafficking, because the [MDLEA] provides clear notice that all nations prohibit and condemn drug trafficking aboard stateless vessels on the high seas.”); United States v. Cruickshank, 837 F.3d1182, 1188 (11th Cir. 2016) (same).
PAGE 5
Young v. Cmty. Health Sys.
No. 22-14255 (11th Cir. Sep. 19, 2023)
Motion to dismiss
1 more...
Young's common law failure-to-disclose claim is also insufficiently pleaded. Under Florida law, "[a] defendant's knowing concealment or non-disclosure of a material fact may only support an action for fraud where there is a duty to disclose." R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. Whitmire, 260 So.3d 536, 538 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2018) (quoting TransPetrol, Ltd. v. Radulovic, 764 So.2d 878, 879 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2000)). "This duty arises when one party has information which the other party has a right to know because there is a fiduciary or other relation of trust or confidence between the two parties." Friedman v. Am. Guardian Warranty Servs., Inc., 837 So.2d 1165, 1166 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003). "In a commercial transaction in which 'the parties are dealing at arm's length, a fiduciary relationship does not exist because there is no duty imposed on either party to protect or benefit the other.'" R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 260 So.3d at 539 (quoting Taylor Woodrow Homes Fla., Inc. v. 4/46-A Corp., 850 So.2d 536, 541 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2003)). The district court concluded, and Young does not dispute, that Young's operative complaint did not allege facts giving rise to a…
Juravin v. Kennedy (In re Juravin)
5:23-cv-164-GAP (M.D. Fla. Sep. 19, 2023)
A bankruptcy court's denial of a motion to remove a trustee is reviewed for abuse of discretion. See In re Steffen, 2011 WL 13174777, at *3 (citing In re AFI Holding, Inc., 530 F.3d 832, 844 (9th Cir. 2008)). And a bankruptcy court's ruling on employment of counsel is also reviewed for abuse of discretion, as is a bankruptcy court's ruling with respect to sanctions. See In re Cecil, 8:12-cv-958-T-27, 2012 WL 3231321, at *2 (M.D. Fla. Aug. 3, 2012) (collecting cases); In re Adell, 296 Fed.Appx. 837, 839 (11th Cir. 2008).
PAGE 4
Calhoun v. Kijakazi
8:22-cv-1367-JRK (M.D. Fla. Sep. 18, 2023)
the ALJ. Wilson, 284 F.3d at 1225; see also Dyer, 395 F.3d at 1210; Marbury v. Sullivan, 957 F.2d 837, 839 (11th Cir. 1992). In 2017, the SSA issued new guidance to ALJs about how to evaluate subjective
Kniga v. Dep't of Health
8:23-cv-1045-KKM-UAM (M.D. Fla. Sep. 18, 2023)
Motion to dismiss
On top of being an impermissible shotgun pleading, the Third Amended Complaint fails to comply with the Local Rules. As I have explained before to Kniga (who is on notice now when drafting this fourth complaint), “pro se parties are not exempt from compliance with relevant laws and Local Rules.” See 3d Strike Order at 5; Moon, 863 F.2d at 837. Kniga's Third Amended Complaint again violates Local Rule 1.08's strictures concerning spacing, page numbering, and margins for pleadings.
PAGE 5
United States v. Hameen
No. 19-14279 (11th Cir. Sep. 18, 2023)
We review de novo whether a conviction qualifies as a serious drug offense under the ACCA. United States v. White, 837 F.3d 1225, 1228 (11th Cir. 2016). We also review de novo whether a defendant's prior conviction qualifies as a controlled substance offense under U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(b). United States v. Lange, 862 F.3d 1290, 1293 (11th Cir. 2017).
PAGE 27
Cases from cite.case.law:
BARNES, v. AHLMAN,, 140 S. Ct. 2620 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Brennan , 511 U.S. 825, 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994). . . .
LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 842-843, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984 . . .
JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 137 S.Ct. 1455, 1465, 197 L.Ed.2d 837 (2017). . . .
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, ----, 138 S.Ct. 830, 836-837, 842, 200 L.Ed.2d 122 (2018). . . . Noia , 372 U.S. 391, 415, 83 S.Ct. 822, 9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963) (noting the Act's "expansive language" and . . .
ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Sheriff's Dept. , 837 F.3d 678, 702-703 (C.A.6 2016) (Batchelder, J., concurring in most of judgment) . . . Chicago , 561 U.S. 742, 837, 130 S.Ct. 3020, 177 L.Ed.2d 894 (2010) (THOMAS, J., concurring in part and . . .
J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Verizon Communications, Inc. , 837 F.3d 523, 545-546 (CA5 2016) ; David v. . . .
FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . same); Act of Aug. 24, 1912, § 4, 37 Stat. 513 (Alaska, same); Act of Aug. 23, 1968, § 4, 82 Stat. 837 . . .
MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Lanier Collection Agency & Service, Inc. , 486 U.S. 825, 837, 108 S.Ct. 2182, 100 L.Ed.2d 836 (1988) . . .
COUNTY OF MAUI, HAWAII, v. HAWAII WILDLIFE FUND,, 140 S. Ct. 1462 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), likely . . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
THRYV, INC. v. CLICK- TO- CALL TECHNOLOGIES, LP,, 140 S. Ct. 1367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, 136 S.Ct. 2508, 195 L.Ed.2d 837 (2016). . . .
RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 837, 130 S.Ct. 3020. . . .
VF JEANSWEAR LP v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1202 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), courts . . .
KUNKEL, v. NORTHERN KENTUCKY INDEPENDENT HEALTH DISTRICT,, 140 S. Ct. 1295 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-837. Supreme Court of the United States. March 9, 2020. . . .
GUEDES, v. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVES,, 140 S. Ct. 789 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), has nothing . . .
SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 843, n. 9, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984 . . .
L. BALDWIN, Et Ux. v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 690 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
A. MCKEEVER v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 597 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 837 F.3d 753, 766-767 (C.A.7 2016) ; In re Craig , 131 F.3d 99, 105 (C.A.2 1997) ; In . . .
UNITED STATES v. B. LOWRY,, 935 F.3d 638 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Wearing , 837 F.3d 905, 909 (8th Cir. 2016) ("[W]e may affirm on any basis supported by the record.") . . .
ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 837 F.2d 486, 491 (D.C. Cir. 1988) ). . . . Id. ; Payne Enters., Inc. , 837 F.2d at 491 ; see also Animal Legal Def. Fund v. . . .
U. S. SECURITIES EXCHANGE COMMISSION, v. HUI FENG Of PC,, 935 F.3d 721 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Forman , 421 U.S. 837, 850, 95 S.Ct. 2051, 44 L.Ed.2d 621 (1975). . . .
EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Farmer , 511 U.S. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. The State urges that neither Dr. . . . Rehab. , 726 F.3d 1062, 1074 (9th Cir. 2013) (alterations in original) (quoting Farmer , 511 U.S. at 837 . . .
PEREZ- SANCHEZ, v. U. S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,, 935 F.3d 1148 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 843, 104 S. Ct. 2778, 2782, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984) ). . . .
CHAMBERLAIN GROUP, INC. v. TECHTRONIC INDUSTRIES CO. OWT ET Co., 935 F.3d 1341 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Inc. , 837 F.3d 1299, 1314 (Fed. . . .
UNITED STATES v. R. GREEN,, 935 F.3d 677 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Leasure, 122 F.3d 837, 841 (9th Cir. 1997); Hill, 953 F.2d at 461, United States v. . . .
UNITED STATES v. HAWKINS, a. k. a. D III, a. k. a., 934 F.3d 1251 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Smith , 919 F.3d 825, 837 (4th Cir. 2019) (suggesting safeguards such as "requiring the witness to testify . . .
UNITED STATES v. L. JOHNSON,, 934 F.3d 716 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Shah, 665 F.3d 827, 837 (7th Cir. 2011) (citing United States v. . . .
JANVRIN, J J v. CONTINENTAL RESOURCES, INC., 934 F.3d 845 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . First Premier Bank, N.A., 650 N.W.2d 829, 837 (S.D. 2002) (holding that a defendant may be found liable . . .
WOLFINGTON, v. RECONSTRUCTIVE ORTHOPAEDIC ASSOCIATES II PC, a k a, 935 F.3d 187 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 843, n. 9, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984 . . . L.P. , 769 F.3d 837, 849 (3d Cir. 2014) ). Jang v. Bos. Sci. . . .
BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Farmer , 511 U.S. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .
KEARNEY REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTER, LLC, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES M. II,, 934 F.3d 812 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), and considered . . .
SAM K. v. SAUL,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 874 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Beardsley , 758 F.3d at 837. . . .
UNITED STATES v. TURNER,, 934 F.3d 794 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Needham, 852 F.3d at 837 (holding that the admission of certain screenshots "would have been harmless . . .
AMAZON. COM, INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,, 934 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 843 n.9, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984) )). . . .
BAUGHMAN, v. HICKMAN K. M., 935 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brennan , 511 U.S. 825, 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994) ). . . .
ZEHENTBAUER FAMILY LAND, LP LP v. CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION, L. L. C. L. L. C. E P USA,, 935 F.3d 496 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Inst. 837, 840-41 (2015). . . .
J. YOCHIM, v. S. CARSON, Sr. U. S., 935 F.3d 586 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Henderson , 237 F.3d 837, 839 (7th Cir. 2001) (explaining that the Rehabilitation Act adopted the standard . . . No. 150 , 837 F.3d 779, 786 (7th Cir. 2016). . . .
ROMO, v. P. BARR,, 933 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), maj. op . . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 842-44, 104 S. Ct. 2778, 2781-82, 81 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1984). . . .
MAMMANA, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS, 934 F.3d 368 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Farmer , 511 U.S. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .
IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Webb , 545 F.3d 837, 841 (9th Cir. 2008). . . .
LATURNER, v. UNITED STATES,, 933 F.3d 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 843 n.9, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984) ). . . .
KOH, v. USTICH,, 933 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 827, 837 (N.D. Ill. 2018) (emphasis added). After Mr. . . . Supp. 3d at 837. This is a factual challenge that precludes our jurisdiction. . . .
DAWSON, v. NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION PAC-, 932 F.3d 905 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . App. 4th 837, 842-44, 125 Cal.Rptr.2d 829 (2002). . . .
ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 933 F.3d 1088 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 837 F.2d 486, 491 (D.C. Cir. 1988) ). . . .
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GUN RIGHTS, INC. v. MANGAN, G. J., 933 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . it was offering a contrast between narrowly tailored and sweeping disclosure requirements, id . at 837 . . . Id . at 837. . . .
BASTARDO- VALE, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 255 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), and National . . .
HILLOCKS, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 332 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 838, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
STUDDARD, v. SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE, J. I., 934 F.3d 478 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 837, 842. . . .
LOCAL INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS, AFL- CIO, v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD,, 934 F.3d 590 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Nat'l Labor Relations Bd. , 837 F.3d 1, 18 (D.C. . . .
REYES, v. FISCHER, J. X., 934 F.3d 97 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Fischer, 837 F.3d 162, 167-68 (2d Cir. 2016) (same); Vincent, 718 F.3d at 168-69 (discussing Annucci) . . . Betances, 837 F.3d at 167-68. . . . Betances, 837 F.3d at 171 (quoting Hubbs v. Suffolk Cty. . . . Id. at 51 ; see Betances, 837 F.3d at 172 ("That the defendants [Fischer, Annucci, and Tracy] eventually . . . Fischer, 837 F.3d 162, 164-71 (2d Cir. 2016). . . . Fischer , 837 F.3d 162, 164 (2d Cir. 2016). . . . free from the administrative (non-judicial) imposition of PRS in the first instance, see Betances , 837 . . .
CONSTANCE S. v. SAUL,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 583 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Beardsley , 758 F.3d at 837. . . .
BRENDA L. v. SAUL,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 858 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Beardsley , 758 F.3d at 837. . . .
UNITED STATES v. BROWN, v. J., 932 F.3d 1011 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gumila , 879 F.3d 831, 837 (7th Cir. 2018) (internal citation and quotation omitted). C. . . .
KORTRIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, TY v. INVESTCORP INVESTMENT ADVISERS LIMITED,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 382 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . (Trial Tr. at 137, 147 (Taylor); Trial Tr. at 688, 837 (Vamvakas); see also Trial Tr. at 463-66 (Munsell . . . Litig., 837 F. Supp. 2d 244, 266 (S.D.N.Y. 2011) ; see also Serino v. . . .
HAIDAK, v. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS- AMHERST, 933 F.3d 56 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Gorman, 837 F.2d at 14. . . . Gorman, 837 F.2d at 14. 1. . . . See Gorman, 837 F.2d at 14. . . . Goss, 419 U.S. at 582, 95 S.Ct. 729 ; Gorman, 837 F.2d at 12-13. . . . Gorman, 837 F.2d at 14 (quoting Dixon v. Ala. . . .
UNITED STATES v. D. RIVERA- CARRASQUILLO, a k a KX, a k a a k a a k a n V a k a, 933 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1455, 1465, 197 L.Ed.2d 837 (2017) (emphasis added). . . .
VIRNETX INC. v. APPLE INC., 931 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . NRDC, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 842, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . . San Carlos Apache Tribe of Arizona , 463 U.S. 545, 570, 103 S.Ct. 3201, 77 L.Ed.2d 837 (1983) ; see also . . .
SIMMONS, v. SAFEWAY, INC. d b a a, 388 F. Supp. 3d 1305 (W.D. Wash. 2019)

. . . Gonzaga University, 191 Wash.2d 712, 722-23, 425 P.3d 837 (2018). . . . Martin , at 723, 425 P.3d 837 (citing Gardner v. . . . Martin, at 723, 425 P.3d 837 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted ). . . .
VIEIRA, v. MENTOR WORLDWIDE, LLC LLC LLC, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1117 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Dist. of California , 837 F.2d 413, 414 (9th Cir. 1988). . . .
BONNER, v. Ms. SIPPLE,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 594 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Id. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .
W. MAC NAUGHTON, v. HARMELECH,, 932 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Nat'l Spiritual Assembly of Baha'is of U.S., Inc. , 628 F.3d 837, 846 (7th Cir. 2010) (recognizing that . . .
YOC- US, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES v., 932 F.3d 98 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). Id. . . .
AMERICAN TUNABOAT ASSOCIATION, v. ROSS, 391 F. Supp. 3d 98 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 843, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
SOLUTRAN, INC. v. ELAVON, INC. U. S., 931 F.3d 1161 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Bandai Namco Games America Inc. , 837 F.3d 1299, 1313 (Fed. Cir. 2016). . . .
UNITED STATES v. DANIEL A. v. H., 933 F.3d 370 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ortiz-Mendez , 634 F.3d 837, 839 (5th Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). . . .
YEARWOOD, v. BARR,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 255 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Lynch, 837 F.3d 1026, 1032 (9th Cir. 2016) (the REAL ID Act bars review of any "claim by an alien, however . . .
M. REAVES, v. DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION, O MHM, 392 F. Supp. 3d 195 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Brennan , 511 U.S. 825, 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994). . . .
UNITED STATES v. DEL CARPIO FRESCAS,, 932 F.3d 324 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Noia , 372 U.S. 391, 83 S.Ct. 822, 9 L.Ed.2d 837 (1963), the Court regularly ignored violations of the . . .
GORSS MOTELS, INC. a a E G, a a v. SAFEMARK SYSTEMS, LP,, 931 F.3d 1094 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
S. WILSON, v. WEXFORD HEALTH SOURCES, INC., 932 F.3d 513 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brennan , 511 U.S. 825, 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994). . . .
TRACIE H. v. SAUL,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 990 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Beardsley , 758 F.3d at 837. . . . Colvin , 758 F.3d 834, 837 (7th Cir. 2014). . . . Colvin , 837 F.3d 771, 778 (7th Cir. 2016) ; Carter v. Colvin , 556 F. . . .
UNITED STATES v. VARGAS- MOLINA,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 809 (E.D. Mich. 2019)

. . . administrative agency's determination is required when it forms an element of a criminal charge. 481 U.S. at 837 . . . Mendoza-Lopez , 481 U.S. at 837-38, 107 S.Ct. 2148. . . . Mendoza-Lopez , 481 U.S. at 837-38, 107 S.Ct. 2148. . . .
MEJIA- CASTANON, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 931 F.3d 224 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . App. 837. . . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 842, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984)." . . .
UNITED STATES v. VILLARREAL SILVA, a k a a k a, 931 F.3d 330 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Mendoza-Lopez , 481 U.S. at 837-39, 107 S.Ct. 2148. . . . been, the statute does not comport with the constitutional requirement of due process." 481 U.S. at 837 . . . Id . at 837-38, 107 S.Ct. 2148 (emphasis added). . . .
Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 214 F.3d 836, 837-38 (7th Cir. 2000). . . .
BRINDLEY, v. CITY OF MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, 934 F.3d 461 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supreme Court found that a sidewalk inside a military compound was a nonpublic forum. 424 U.S. 828, 837 . . . Id. at 837, 96 S.Ct. 1211. . . .
EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 922 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984) ). . . .
DIAZ- QUIRAZCO, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 830 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
BETHESDA HEALTH, INC. v. M. AZAR II,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 32 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
ZACARIAS v. STANFORD INTERNATIONAL BANK, LIMITED, L. v. S. S. v. a a v. De v. S. v. L. v. S. C. v. WGH De De De La v. De De De v. a a De v., 931 F.3d 382 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Wencke , 783 F.2d 829, 837 n.9 (9th Cir. 1986) ("Our court, like many others, has recognized that as . . . United States , 837 F.2d 184, 186 n.4 (5th Cir. 1988) ; see Newby v. . . .
BRAEBURN INC. v. UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
FIRST- CLASS MONITORING, LLC, v. UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA, INC., 389 F. Supp. 3d 456 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Inc. , 837 F.3d 1299, 1316 (Fed. Cir. 2016) ; DDR Holdings, LLC v. . . . Cir. 2017) ; McRO , 837 F.3d at 1314 ("We therefore look to whether the claims in these patents focus . . . Rather, the claim is drawn to the idea itself."); McRO, 837 F.3d at 1314 ("The abstract idea exception . . . McRO, 837 F.3d at 1314. . . .
DISABILITY RIGHTS MONTANA, INC. v. BATISTA,, 930 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Farmer , 511 U.S. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .
CABRERA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 627 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). Skidmore v. . . .
WONGUS, v. CORRECTIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM CERT CERT s, 389 F. Supp. 3d 294 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Id. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .
ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY AFFILIATED PLANS, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 22 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 842-43, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
IN RE TRONOX, v. LLP D. A., 603 B.R. 712 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . In re HNRC Dissolution Co. , 585 B.R. 837 (6th Cir. BAP 2018), aff'd , 761 F. . . .
M. CROCE, v. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY Jr., 930 F.3d 787 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lincoln Publ'g (Ohio), Inc. , 114 Ohio App.3d 595, 683 N.E.2d 823, 837-38 (1996) ; Painter , 148 N.E.2d . . . defendant from liability for publishing knowing or reckless falsehoods," Connaughton , 842 F.2d at 837 . . . See Connaughton , 842 F.2d at 837-38 n.6. This issue is particularly relevant to statements by Dr. . . .
CHACOTY, v. POMPEO, U. S., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 842-43, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984) . . .
NAVAJO NATION, a a k a v. SAN JUAN COUNTY, a, 929 F.3d 1270 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1455, 1463, 197 L.Ed.2d 837 (2017). . . .
R. BRADLEY, v. VILLAGE OF UNIVERSITY PARK, ILLINOIS,, 929 F.3d 875 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Crawley , 837 F.2d 291, 292-93 (7th Cir. 1988) (describing as dictum a passage that "was unnecessary . . . Matthiessen , 857 F.2d at 407 n.3 ; see also Crawley , 837 F.2d at 292 (noting that a passage in a prior . . .
UNITED STATES v. HANSEN,, 929 F.3d 1238 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 837, 839 n.2 (10th Cir. 2009) (unpublished). . . .
SELLARS, v. CRST EXPEDITED, INC., 385 F. Supp. 3d 803 (N.D. Iowa 2019)

. . . Plaintiffs' Retaliation Claims ...837 C. Plaintiffs' Constructive Discharge Claims ...838 VI. . . .
CITY OF LOS ANGELES, v. P. BARR, R., 929 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 843-44, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .
D. BLAIR, v. BOWERSOX, SCCC I SCCC I SCCC I SCCC I,, 929 F.3d 981 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brennan , 511 U.S. 825, 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970, 128 L.Ed.2d 811 (1994) ). . . . Farmer , 511 U.S. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .
NKOMO, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 129 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Att'y Gen ., 837 F.3d 331, 340-41 (3d Cir. 2016) ). . . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), the Court of Appeals for the First . . .
INDIVIOR INC. UK RB Rx, LLC, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, S. A. Dr. s UT, USA, UK RB v. LLC,, 930 F.3d 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . L.P. , 769 F.3d 837, 848-49 (3d Cir. 2014). . . .
TILIJA, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 165 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), to its . . .
UNITED STATES v. MONTALVO- FEBUS,, 930 F.3d 30 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Pedroza-Orengo, 817 F.3d 829, 837 (1st Cir. 2016) (quoting United States v. . . .
UNITED STATES v. GARTH,, 929 F.3d 967 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Paton, 535 F.3d 829, 837 (8th Cir. 2008) (emphasis in original; quotation omitted); see United States . . .
IN RE TS EMPLOYMENT, INC. S. TS v. LLP, 603 B.R. 700 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Ohio 1986) ; see also In re 9281 Shore Road Owners Corp. , 187 B.R. 837, 853 (E.D.N.Y. 1995). . . .

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