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Florida Statute 838 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 838 Case Law from Google Scholar
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The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLVI
CRIMES
Chapter 838
BRIBERY; MISUSE OF PUBLIC OFFICE
View Entire Chapter
CHAPTER 838
CHAPTER 838
BRIBERY; MISUSE OF PUBLIC OFFICE
838.014 Definitions.
838.015 Bribery.
838.016 Unlawful compensation or reward for official behavior.
838.021 Corruption by threat against public servant.
838.022 Official misconduct.
838.12 Bribery in athletic contests.
838.15 Commercial bribe receiving.
838.16 Commercial bribery.
838.21 Disclosure or use of confidential criminal justice information.
838.22 Bid tampering.
838.23 Restitution and community service.
838.014 Definitions.As used in this chapter, the term:
(1) “Benefit” means gain or advantage, or anything regarded by the person to be benefited as a gain or advantage, including the doing of an act beneficial to any person in whose welfare he or she is interested, including any commission, gift, gratuity, property, commercial interest, or any other thing of economic value not authorized by law.
(2) “Bid” includes a response to an “invitation to bid,” “invitation to negotiate,” “request for a quote,” or “request for proposals” as those terms are defined in s. 287.012.
(3) “Commodity” means any goods, merchandise, wares, produce, chose in action, land, article of commerce, or other tangible or intangible property, real, personal, or mixed, for use, consumption, production, enjoyment, or resale.
(4) “Governmental entity” means an agency or entity of the state, a county, municipality, or special district or any other public entity created or authorized by law.
(5) “Harm” means pecuniary or other loss, disadvantage, or injury to the person affected.
(6) “Public contractor” means, for purposes of ss. 838.022 and 838.22 only:
(a) Any person, as defined in s. 1.01(3), who has entered into a contract with a governmental entity; or
(b) Any officer or employee of a person, as defined in s. 1.01(3), who has entered into a contract with a governmental entity.
(7) “Public servant” means:
(a) Any officer or employee of a governmental entity, including any executive, legislative, or judicial branch officer or employee;
(b) Any person, except a witness, who acts as a general or special magistrate, receiver, auditor, arbitrator, umpire, referee, consultant, or hearing officer while performing a governmental function; or
(c) A candidate for election or appointment to any of the officer positions listed in this subsection, or an individual who has been elected to, but has yet to officially assume the responsibilities of, public office.
(8) “Service” means any kind of activity performed in whole or in part for economic benefit.
History.s. 59, ch. 74-383; s. 317, ch. 96-410; s. 1824, ch. 97-102; s. 2, ch. 2003-158; s. 99, ch. 2004-11; s. 1, ch. 2016-151.
838.015 Bribery.
(1) “Bribery” means to knowingly and intentionally give, offer, or promise to any public servant, or, if a public servant, to knowingly and intentionally request, solicit, accept, or agree to accept for himself or herself or another, any pecuniary or other benefit not authorized by law with an intent or purpose to influence the performance of any act or omission which the person believes to be, or the public servant represents as being, within the official discretion of a public servant, in violation of a public duty, or in performance of a public duty.
(2) Prosecution under this section shall not require any allegation or proof that the public servant ultimately sought to be unlawfully influenced was qualified to act in the desired way, that the public servant had assumed office, that the matter was properly pending before him or her or might by law properly be brought before him or her, that the public servant possessed jurisdiction over the matter, or that his or her official action was necessary to achieve the person’s purpose.
(3) Any person who commits bribery commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 60, ch. 74-383; s. 35, ch. 75-298; s. 44, ch. 91-110; s. 1314, ch. 97-102; s. 3, ch. 2003-158; s. 2, ch. 2016-151.
838.016 Unlawful compensation or reward for official behavior.
(1) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly and intentionally give, offer, or promise to any public servant, or, if a public servant, to knowingly and intentionally request, solicit, accept, or agree to accept, any pecuniary or other benefit not authorized by law, for the past, present, or future performance, nonperformance, or violation of any act or omission which the person believes to have been, or the public servant represents as having been, either within the official discretion of the public servant, in violation of a public duty, or in performance of a public duty. This section does not preclude a public servant from accepting rewards for services performed in apprehending any criminal.
(2) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly and intentionally give, offer, or promise to any public servant, or, if a public servant, to knowingly and intentionally request, solicit, accept, or agree to accept, any pecuniary or other benefit not authorized by law for the past, present, or future exertion of any influence upon or with any other public servant regarding any act or omission which the person believes to have been, or which is represented to him or her as having been, either within the official discretion of the other public servant, in violation of a public duty, or in performance of a public duty.
(3) Prosecution under this section shall not require that the exercise of influence or official discretion, or violation of a public duty or performance of a public duty, for which a pecuniary or other benefit was given, offered, promised, requested, or solicited was accomplished or was within the influence, official discretion, or public duty of the public servant whose action or omission was sought to be rewarded or compensated.
(4) Whoever violates the provisions of this section commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 60, ch. 74-383; s. 36, ch. 75-298; s. 1315, ch. 97-102; s. 4, ch. 2003-158; s. 3, ch. 2016-151.
838.021 Corruption by threat against public servant.
(1) It is unlawful to harm or threaten to harm any public servant, his or her immediate family, or any other person with whose welfare the public servant is interested with the intent to:
(a)  Influence the performance of any act or omission that the person believes to be, or that the public servant represents as being, within the official discretion of the public servant, in violation of a public duty, or in performance of a public duty.
(b)  Cause or induce the public servant to use or exert, or procure the use or exertion of, any influence upon or with any other public servant regarding any act or omission that the person believes to be, or that the public servant represents as being, within the official discretion of the public servant, in violation of a public duty, or in performance of a public duty.
(2) Prosecution under this section shall not require any allegation or proof that the public servant ultimately sought to be unlawfully influenced was qualified to act in the desired way, that the public servant had assumed office, that the matter was properly pending before him or her or might by law properly be brought before him or her, that the public servant possessed jurisdiction over the matter, or that his or her official action was necessary to achieve the person’s purpose.
(3)(a) Whoever unlawfully harms any public servant or any other person with whose welfare the public servant is interested shall be guilty of a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(b) Whoever threatens unlawful harm to any public servant or to any other person with whose welfare the public servant is interested shall be guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 61, ch. 74-383; s. 37, ch. 75-298; s. 1316, ch. 97-102; s. 13, ch. 2010-117.
838.022 Official misconduct.
(1) It is unlawful for a public servant or public contractor, to knowingly and intentionally obtain a benefit for any person or to cause unlawful harm to another, by:
(a) Falsifying, or causing another person to falsify, any official record or official document;
(b) Concealing, covering up, destroying, mutilating, or altering any official record or official document, except as authorized by law or contract, or causing another person to perform such an act; or
(c) Obstructing, delaying, or preventing the communication of information relating to the commission of a felony that directly involves or affects the government entity served by the public servant or public contractor.
(2) For the purposes of this section:
(a) The term “public servant” does not include a candidate who does not otherwise qualify as a public servant.
(b) An official record or official document includes only public records.
(3) Any person who violates this section commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 5, ch. 2003-158; s. 4, ch. 2016-151.
838.12 Bribery in athletic contests.
(1) Whoever gives, promises, offers or conspires to give, promise or offer, to anyone who participates or expects to participate in any professional or amateur game, contest, match, race or sport; or to any umpire, referee, judge or other official of such game, contest, match, race or sport; or to any owner, manager, coach or trainer of, or to any relative of, or to any person having any direct, indirect, remote or possible connection with, any team, individual, participant or prospective participant in any such professional or amateur game, contest, match, race or sport, or the officials aforesaid, any bribe, money, goods, present, reward or any valuable thing whatsoever, or any promise, contract or agreement whatsoever, with intent to influence him or her or them to lose or cause to be lost any game, contest, match, race or sport, or to limit his or her or their or any person’s or any team’s margin of victory in any game, contest, match, race, or sport, or to fix or throw any game, contest, match, race or sport, shall be guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
(2) Any participant or prospective participant in any professional or amateur game, contest, match, race or sport; or any umpire, referee, judge or other official of such game, contest, match, race or sport; or any owner, manager, coach or trainer of, or any relative of, or any person having any direct, indirect, remote or possible connection with, any team, individual, participant or prospective participant in any such professional or amateur game, contest, match, race or sport, or the officials aforesaid; who in any way solicits, receives or accepts, or agrees to receive or accept, or who conspires to receive or accept, any bribe, money, goods, present, reward or any valuable thing whatsoever, or any promise, contract or agreement whatsoever, with intent to lose or cause to be lost any game, contest, match, race or sport, or to limit his, her, their or any person’s or any team’s margin of victory in any game, contest, match, race or sport, or to fix or throw any game, contest, match, race or sport, shall be guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.ss. 1, 2, ch. 28024, 1953; s. 1010, ch. 71-136; s. 1317, ch. 97-102.
838.15 Commercial bribe receiving.
(1) A person commits the crime of commercial bribe receiving if the person solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept a benefit with intent to violate a statutory or common-law duty to which that person is subject as:
(a) An agent or employee of another;
(b) A trustee, guardian, or other fiduciary;
(c) A lawyer, physician, accountant, appraiser, or other professional adviser;
(d) An officer, director, partner, manager, or other participant in the direction of the affairs of an organization; or
(e) An arbitrator or other purportedly disinterested adjudicator or referee.
(2) Commercial bribe receiving is a third degree felony, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 1, ch. 90-301.
838.16 Commercial bribery.
(1) A person commits the crime of commercial bribery if, knowing that another is subject to a duty described in s. 838.15(1) and with intent to influence the other person to violate that duty, the person confers, offers to confer, or agrees to confer a benefit on the other.
(2) Commercial bribery is a third degree felony, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 2, ch. 90-301.
838.21 Disclosure or use of confidential criminal justice information.It is unlawful for a public servant, with intent to obstruct, impede, or prevent a criminal investigation or a criminal prosecution, to disclose active criminal investigative or intelligence information as defined in chapter 119 or to disclose or use information regarding either the efforts to secure or the issuance of a warrant, subpoena, or other court process or court order relating to a criminal investigation or criminal prosecution when such information is not available to the general public and is gained by reason of the public servant’s official position. Any person who violates this section commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 5, ch. 2003-158.
838.22 Bid tampering.
(1) It is unlawful for a public servant or a public contractor who has contracted with a governmental entity to assist in a competitive procurement to knowingly and intentionally influence or attempt to influence the competitive solicitation undertaken by any governmental entity for the procurement of commodities or services, by:
(a) Disclosing, except as authorized by law, material information concerning a vendor’s response, any evaluation results, or other aspects of the competitive solicitation when such information is not publicly disclosed.
(b) Altering or amending a submitted response, documents or other materials supporting a submitted response, or any evaluation results relating to the competitive solicitation for the purpose of intentionally providing a competitive advantage to any person who submits a response.
(2) It is unlawful for a public servant or a public contractor who has contracted with a governmental entity to assist in a competitive procurement to knowingly and intentionally obtain a benefit for any person or to cause unlawful harm to another by circumventing a competitive solicitation process required by law or rule through the use of a sole-source contract for commodities or services.
(3) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly agree, conspire, combine, or confederate, directly or indirectly, with a public servant or a public contractor who has contracted with a governmental entity to assist in a competitive procurement to violate subsection (1) or subsection (2).
(4) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly enter into a contract for commodities or services which was secured by a public servant or a public contractor who has contracted with a governmental entity to assist in a competitive procurement acting in violation of subsection (1) or subsection (2).
(5) Any person who violates this section commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.
History.s. 5, ch. 2003-158; s. 5, ch. 2016-151.
838.23 Restitution and community service.A person who is convicted of any offense in this chapter shall be ordered by the sentencing judge to make restitution to the victim of the offense if, after conducting a hearing, the judge finds that the victim suffered an actual financial loss caused directly or indirectly by the person’s offense or an actual financial loss related to the person’s criminal episode. A person who is convicted of any offense in this chapter shall also be ordered to perform 250 hours of community service work. Restitution and community service work shall be in addition to any fine or sentence that may be imposed and may not be in lieu thereof.
History.s. 2, ch. 2015-132.

F.S. 838 on Google Scholar

F.S. 838 on Casetext

Amendments to 838


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 838
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S838.015 - BRIBERY - BRIBERY OF OR BY PUBLIC SERVANT - F: S
S838.016 - BRIBERY - UNLAW COMPENSATION REWARD OFFICIAL BEHAVIOR - F: S
S838.021 3a - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - HARM PUBLIC SERVANT OR FAMILY - F: S
S838.021 3b - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - CORRUPT BY THREAT PUBLIC SERVANT OR FAMILY - F: T
S838.022 1a - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - PUBLIC SERVANT FALSIFY OFFICIAL DOCUMENT - F: T
S838.022 1b - FRAUD - PUB SERVANT CONCEAL DESTROY ALTER OFF DOC - F: T
S838.022 1c - OBSTRUCTING JUSTICE - PUB SERV CONTRAC OBST FEL INFO INV GOV - F: T
S838.12 - BRIBE - IN ATHLETIC CONTEST - F: T
S838.15 - BRIBE-RECEIVING - SOLICIT ACCEPT COMMERCIAL BRIBE - F: T
S838.15 - BRIBE-RECEIVING - RENUMBERED. SEE REC #8896 - F: T
S838.15 1 - BRIBE-RECEIVING - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 9755 - F: T
S838.16 - BRIBE-OFFERING - OFFER COMML BRIBE - F: T
S838.21 - OBSTRUCT CRIMINAL INVEST - PUB SERVANT USE DESTROY CONF INFO TO OBSTRUCT - F: T
S838.22 1 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7924 - F: S
S838.22 1 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - BID TAMPERING BY PUBLIC SERVANT CONTRACTOR - F: S
S838.22 2 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7925 - F: S
S838.22 2 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - PUB SER CONTR USE SOLE SRCE CIRCUMVENT SOLIT - F: S
S838.22 3 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7926 - F: S
S838.22 3 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - CONSPIRE W PUB SERV CONTR VIOL COMPET PROCUREM - F: S
S838.22 4 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7927 - F: S
S838.22 4 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - ENTER CONTRACT SECURED BY VIOL COMPETIT PROCUR - F: S
S838.22 5 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 8959 - F: S
S838.22 5 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 8960 - F: S
S838.22 5 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 8961 - F: S
S838.22 5 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 8962 - F: S



Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Parilla , 8 N.Y.3d 654, 659, 838 N.Y.S.2d 824, 870 N.E.2d 142, 145 (2007) ; R. Davis & T. . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Black's Law Dictionary 838 (9th ed. 2009) (defining "independent" as "[n]ot subject to the control . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . It held that the selection of the Board's members violated the Appointments Clause. 915 F.3d 838, 861 . . .

N. ALTSCHULD, Jr. v. M. SAUL,, 140 S. Ct. 1122 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-838 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

THOMPSON, v. HEBDON,, 140 S. Ct. 348 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Attorney Gen. of Ala. , 838 F.3d 1057, 1069-1070 (C.A.11 2016) ; Holmes v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. LILLARD,, 935 F.3d 827 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Yijun Zhou , 838 F.3d 1007, 1010 (9th Cir. 2016). . . . 578 F.3d 1103, 1106 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotations and citation omitted); see also Yijun Zhou , 838 . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 51 F.3d 834, 838 (9th Cir. 1995) (per curiam). . . .

BELLITTO, v. SNIPES,, 935 F.3d 1192 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Husted, 838 F.3d 699, 703 n.2 (6th Cir. 2016), rev'd on other grounds, --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

CHAMBERLAIN GROUP, INC. v. TECHTRONIC INDUSTRIES CO. OWT ET Co., 935 F.3d 1341 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . DIRECTV, LLC , 838 F.3d 1253, 1257 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . DIRECTV , 838 F.3d at 1258. In Affinity Labs of Texas, LLC v. Amazon.com Inc. , 838 F.3d 1266 (Fed. . . . DIRECTV , 838 F.3d at 1259. . . . DIRECTV , 838 F.3d at 1258 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

JANVRIN, J J v. CONTINENTAL RESOURCES, INC., 934 F.3d 845 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Schmitt, 309 N.W.2d 838, 840 (S.D. 1981) (quoting defendant's proposed jury instruction). . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Litig. , 722 F.3d 838, 845 (6th Cir. 2013) ; Gonzalez v. Justices of Mun. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CUEVAS- LOPEZ,, 934 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zhou , 838 F.3d 1007 (9th Cir. 2016), which opined that "[o]ur 'pure question of law' exception contradicts . . .

NOBRE, ON BEHALF OF K. M. C. L. G. v. LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY, 935 F.3d 437 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lewis , 411 F.3d 838, 842 (7th Cir. 2005) ("[C]omplaints do not have to anticipate affirmative defenses . . .

SAM K. v. SAUL,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 874 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Colvin , 838 F.3d 905, 913 (7th Cir. 2016) (" '[a]n ALJ cannot disregard a claimant's limitations in . . .

MYMAIL, LTD. v. OOVOO, LLC, IAC, 934 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . DIRECTV, LLC , 838 F.3d 1253, 1258 (Fed. . . .

MARTINEZ, v. WALGREEN COMPANY,, 935 F.3d 396 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . HCA Holdings, Inc. , 838 F.3d 605, 611 (5th Cir. 2016) (quoting Harris Cty. v. . . .

ZEHENTBAUER FAMILY LAND, LP LP v. CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION, L. L. C. L. L. C. E P USA,, 935 F.3d 496 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Litig. , 722 F.3d 838, 850 (6th Cir. 2013). . . .

LILLY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK NYPD No. NYPD No., 934 F.3d 222 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Vice, 563 U.S. 826, 838, 131 S.Ct. 2205, 180 L.Ed.2d 45 (2011). See Scarangella v. . . . See Fox, 563 U.S. at 838, 131 S.Ct. 2205. Lilly , 2017 WL 3493249, at *6. . . . See Fox, 563 U.S. at 838, 131 S.Ct. 2205. See Joint App'x at 45. See Gagne v. . . .

HILLOCKS, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 332 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Council, Inc. , 467 U.S. 837, 838, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). . . .

COEUR D ALENE TRIBE, a v. W. HAWKS A., 933 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Graham , 489 U.S. 838, 841, 109 S.Ct. 1519, 103 L.Ed.2d 924 (1989) (holding a tribe's sovereign immunity . . . Wofsy , 838 F.3d 992, 1000-01 (9th Cir. 2016). . . .

RILEY, v. FILSON D., 933 F.3d 1068 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 108 Nev. 700, 838 P.2d 921 (Nev. 1992) (per curiam) ]. Id. . . . intended to commit the act and intended death to result.' " Riley I , 786 F.3d at 723-24 (quoting Powell , 838 . . .

G. BEASLEY v. WARREN UNILUBE, INC., 933 F.3d 932 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mayo Clinic , 576 F.3d 834, 838 (8th Cir. 2009), we use Title VII as shorthand for both claims below. . . .

IN RE APPROXIMATELY BILLS OF US CURRENCY, ID. PR- AC, 392 F. Supp. 3d 279 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . judicial imprimatur to quality as a material alteration of the parties' legal relationship"); aff'd, 838 . . .

E. ANDREWS, v. SIRIUS XM RADIO INC., 932 F.3d 1253 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fresh, Inc. , 838 F.3d 958, 963 (9th Cir. 2016). ANALYSIS I. . . .

LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA, AFL- CIO v. CITY OF NEW YORK, 392 F. Supp. 3d 361 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Vice , 563 U.S. 826, 838, 131 S.Ct. 2205, 180 L.Ed.2d 45 (2011). . . .

KORTRIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, TY v. INVESTCORP INVESTMENT ADVISERS LIMITED,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 382 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . (Trial Tr. at 838 (Vamvakas).) . . .

TEXAS, v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION EEOC P. U. S., 933 F.3d 433 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . EEOC (Texas II ), 838 F.3d 511 (5th Cir. 2016) (per curiam). . . . Texas II , 838 F.3d 511. . . . Thomas , 838 F.2d 1317, 1322 (D.C. . . .

MCDONOUGH A. v. CYCLING SPORTS GROUP, INC. Co., 392 F. Supp. 3d 320 (W.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Xerox Corp. , 838 F. Supp. 2d 99, 103 (W.D.N.Y. 2011) (citing Celotex Corp. v. . . .

WARREN, v. FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION,, 932 F.3d 378 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Shop Rite Foods, Inc ., 474 F.2d 838, 839 (5th Cir. 1973) (excluding as hearsay, in a defamation suit . . .

D. TORRY, Q. I. v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 932 F.3d 579 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sevier , 597 F.3d 838 (7th Cir. 2010), and United States v. Packer , 15 F.3d 654 (7th Cir. 1994). . . .

UNITED STATES v. LAUREANO- SALGADO, a k a L. a k a, 933 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson, 915 F.3d 827, 838 (1st Cir. 2019). . . .

F REAL FOODS, LLC v. HAMILTON BEACH BRANDS, INC., 388 F. Supp. 3d 362 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . LP , 838 F.3d 1224, 1228 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (alteration in original) (quoting Intel Corp. v. . . .

SILVERTOP ASSOCIATES INC. v. KANGAROO MANUFACTURING INC., 931 F.3d 215 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Indus. , 9 F.3d 823, 838 (10th Cir. 1993) ). . . .

FORCE, A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F. N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. TZVI S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. v. FACEBOOK, INC., 934 F.3d 53 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See LeadClick, 838 F.3d at 173 (collecting cases); Marshall's Locksmith Serv. Inc. v. . . . LeadClick , 838 F.3d at 174 (quoting Roommates.Com , 521 F.3d at 1168 ). . . . LeadClick , 838 F.3d at 176. . . . LeadClick , 838 F.3d at 174. . . . LeadClick , 838 F.3d at 175 (quoting Barnes v. Yahoo! . . . LeadClick Media, LLC , 838 F.3d 158, 175 (2d Cir. 2016) (stating inquiry as "whether the cause of action . . . LeadClick , 838 F.3d at 174 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted); accord Oberdorf , 930 F.3d . . .

SOLUTRAN, INC. v. ELAVON, INC. U. S., 931 F.3d 1161 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . DIRECTV, LLC , 838 F.3d 1253, 1257 (Fed. . . .

UNITED STATES v. FELDMAN,, 931 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Takhalov , 827 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir.), modified on denial of reh'g , 838 F.3d 1168 (11th Cir. 2016). . . . Takhalov , 827 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir.), modified on denial of reh'g , 838 F.3d 1168 (11th Cir. 2016). . . .

UNITED STATES v. DANIEL A. v. H., 933 F.3d 370 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dailey , 868 F.3d 322, 331-32 (5th Cir. 2017) (citation omitted); see also Ortiz-Mendez , 634 F.3d at 838 . . .

GORSS MOTELS, INC. a a E G, a a v. SAFEMARK SYSTEMS, LP,, 931 F.3d 1094 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . . permission," we give that term "its 'contextually appropriate ordinary meaning.' " In re Failla , 838 . . .

RUIZ- CORTEZ, v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 931 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Chicago , 900 F.3d 838, 844 (7th Cir. 2018) ; United States v. . . .

SEVUGAN, v. DIRECT ENERGY SERVICES, LLC, a, 931 F.3d 610 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 624 F.3d 834, 838-39 (7th Cir. 2010). . . .

NGUYEN, a v. NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC. a, 932 F.3d 811 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Litig. , 722 F.3d 838, 856-57 (6th Cir. 2013) ("Because all Duet owners were injured at the point of . . .

UNITED STATES v. VILLARREAL SILVA, a k a a k a, 931 F.3d 330 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 838, 107 S.Ct. 2148 (emphasis added). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MUSCHETTE, 392 F. Supp. 3d 282 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . GX 278, 406; Trial Tr. 338, 838. Two cars left the apartment for a club. Trial Tr. 340. . . .

STATE BY AND THROUGH TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 931 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pence , 838 F.3d 902, 904 (7th Cir. 2016). . . . . § 1522(a)(1)(A) ; Exodus Refugee Immigration , 838 F.3d at 903 ; 45 C.F.R. § 400.11. . . . (c); see also 8 U.S.C. § 1152(c)(1)(A), (e)(1) ; Exodus Refugee Immigration , 838 F.3d at 905 ; 60 Fed . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . relevant forum as Hastings' RSO program writ large. 561 U.S. 661, 669-70, 689, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 922 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Trump , 349 F.Supp.3d 838 (N.D. Cal.). . . . Supp. 3d 838 (N.D. Cal. 2018) (order granting temporary restraining order ("TRO")); E. . . . Trump , 349 F.Supp.3d 838 (N.D. Cal.), ECF Nos. 115, 117, 118. . . .

TENNESSEE GAS PIPELINE COMPANY, LLC v. PERMANENT EASEMENT FOR ACRES, PERMANENT OVERLAY EASEMENT FOR ACRES AND TEMPORARY EASEMENTS FOR ACRES IN MILFORD AND WESTFALL TOWNSHIPS, PIKE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, TAX PARCEL NUMBERS a c o L. P., 931 F.3d 237 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 318 U.S. 363, 367, 63 S.Ct. 573, 87 L.Ed. 838 (1943) ). . . .

HARTMAN v. THOMPSON, 931 F.3d 471 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Martinez , 561 U.S. 661, 694, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 (2010) ("It is, after all, hard to imagine . . .

PEREZ v. DOES In In In In In In, 931 F.3d 641 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Varga, 764 F.3d at 838 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) ). . . . Id. at 838-39 (citing Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937 ). . . .

ZACARIAS v. STANFORD INTERNATIONAL BANK, LIMITED, L. v. S. S. v. a a v. De v. S. v. L. v. S. C. v. WGH De De De La v. De De De v. a a De v., 931 F.3d 382 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 838-39. . . . Lloyds , 927 F.3d at 838-39, 849-50. Id. at 849-50. Id . at 851. Kaleta , 530 F. . . .

FIRST- CLASS MONITORING, LLC, v. UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA, INC., 389 F. Supp. 3d 456 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Symantec Corp. , 838 F.3d 1307, 1315 (Fed. Cir. 2016) ; Accenture Glob. Servs., GmbH v. . . . DIRECTV, LLC , 838 F.3d 1253, 1258 (Fed. . . . DIRECTV, LLC , 838 F.3d 1253, 1263 (Fed. Cir. 2016) ). That analysis applies directly to this case. . . .

IN RE G. QUEEN, Bi- LLC D. LLC, v. D. G., 602 B.R. 60 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Martinez , 561 U.S. 661, 676-78, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 (2010) (the court will not consider . . .

DE LA FUENTE, v. PADILLA,, 930 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Reagan , 838 F.3d 983, 987-88 (9th Cir. 2016). . . . Green Party , 838 F.3d at 989 (citing Libertarian Party of Wash. v. . . . Green Party , 838 F.3d at 988 ). . . . Green Party , 838 F.3d at 989 (quoting Munro , 31 F.3d at 762 ). . . .

RAYNA P. v. CAMPUS COMMUNITY SCHOOL, M. P. v., 390 F. Supp. 3d 556 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . Vice , 563 U.S. 826, 838, 131 S.Ct. 2205, 180 L.Ed.2d 45 (2011). . . .

MOLINA, v. PENNSYLVANIA SOCIAL SERVICE UNION,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 469 (M.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Inst., 838 F.3d 297, 303 (3d Cir. 2016) (quoting Rosetti v. . . .

M. CROCE, v. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY Jr., 930 F.3d 787 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Robb , 683 N.E.2d at 838. Accordingly, we turn our attention to the article as a whole. . . . reasonably subject to an innocent construction, and malicious intent is not demonstrated. 683 N.E.2d at 838 . . . Drake Ctr., Inc. , 117 Ohio App.3d 497, 690 N.E.2d 1302, 1309 (1996) ; Robb , 683 N.E.2d at 838-39. . . .

APACHE DEEPWATER, L. L. C. v. W T OFFSHORE, INCORPORATED,, 930 F.3d 647 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Barclay , 838 F.3d 442, 448 (5th Cir. 2016) (quoting Evans v. . . . L&M Arts , 838 F.3d 568, 581 (5th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks, citations, and alterations omitted . . .

SELLARS, v. CRST EXPEDITED, INC., 385 F. Supp. 3d 803 (N.D. Iowa 2019)

. . . Plaintiffs' Constructive Discharge Claims ...838 VI. CONCLUSION ...840 I. . . .

PHILLIPS, v. V. SPENCER,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 136 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Winfield , 664 A.2d 836, 838 (D.C. 1995). . . .

GREEN, v. KENNEWAY,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 275 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Boerckel , 526 U.S. 838, 119 S.Ct. 1728, 144 L.Ed.2d 1 (1999) (holding that, to satisfy the complete . . .

D. BLAIR, v. BOWERSOX, SCCC I SCCC I SCCC I SCCC I,, 929 F.3d 981 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Farmer , 511 U.S. at 838, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .

CARDIONET, LLC, v. SCOTTCARE CORPORATION,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 442 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Symantec Corp. , 838 F.3d 1307, 1315 (Fed. . . .

SHULMAN v. CHAITMAN LLP LLP,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 340 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Karim , 838 F.3d 129, 134 (2d Cir. 2016) (citing Makarova v. . . .

CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. v. TQ DELTA, LLC, ARRIS INC. v. TQ LLC,, 928 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . DIRECTV, LLC , 838 F.3d 1253, 1264 n.4 (Fed. . . .

KNIGHT FIRST AMENDMENT INSTITUTE AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Gu, v. J. TRUMP,, 928 F.3d 226 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Martinez , 561 U.S. 661, 690, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 (2010). . . .

PHL VARIABLE INSURANCE COMPANY, v. TOWN OF OYSTER BAY,, 929 F.3d 79 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Oneonta , 191 A.D.2d 891, 892, 594 N.Y.S.2d 838 (N.Y. App. . . .

UNITED STATES v. FIGUEROA- FIGUEROA,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 70 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Finucan, 708 F.2d 838, 843 (1st Cir. 1983) (quoting Wong Sun v. . . .

BLAKE, E. S. T. v. ST. JOHNS RIVER POWER PARK SYSTEM EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT PLAN,, 275 So. 3d 804 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . International, Ltd. , 787 So. 2d 838, 843 (Fla. 2001). . . .

UNITED STATES v. IN U. S. CURRENCY, By W,, 929 F.3d 1293 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . voluntary dismissal would have prevailed on the merits if the case continued to a conclusion."), aff'd , 838 . . .

WHITSERVE LLC, v. DONUTS INC. LLC, v. LLC,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 571 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . Symantec Corp. , 838 F.3d 1307, 1318 (Fed. . . . "interface," "network," and a "database" are nevertheless directed to an abstract idea); Symantec , 838 . . . Amazon.com Inc. , 838 F.3d 1266, 1271 (Fed. Cir. 2016) ); Intellectual Ventures I LLC v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. FLORES,, 929 F.3d 443 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gumila , 879 F.3d 831, 838 (7th Cir. 2018). . . . See Gumila , 879 F.3d at 838. . . .

PEOPLE v. DEBT RESOLVE, INC., 387 F. Supp. 3d 358 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . LeadClick Media, LLC , 838 F. 3d 158, 168 (2d Cir. 2016). . . .

COLBRUNO, v. KESSLER, a, 928 F.3d 1155 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Commr's of Elbert Cty. , 838 F.3d 1039, 1048-49 (10th Cir. 2016). . . .

UNITED STATES v. JONES, v., 930 F.3d 366 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Franklin , 838 F.3d 564, 567 n.1 (5th Cir. 2016). . . .

CHABAD LUBAVITCH OF THE QUAD CITIES, INC. v. CITY OF BETTENDORF, IOWA, P., 389 F. Supp. 3d 590 (S.D. Iowa 2019)

. . . Foth & Van Dyke Assocs., Inc. , 266 F.3d 838, 840 (8th Cir. 2001). . . .

YANBIN YU, v. APPLE INC. Yu, v. Co., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1096 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Amazon.com, Inc. , 838 F.3d 1266, 1269 (Fed. Cir. 2016) ; see also SAP Am., Inc. v. . . . DIRECTV, LLC , 838 F.3d 1253, 1257 (Fed. Cir. 2016) ). . . . Symantec Corp. , 838 F.3d 1307, 1314 (Fed. . . . Cir. 2016) (quoting Alice , 573 U.S. at 219, 134 S.Ct. 2347 ); see also DIRECTV , 838 F.3d at 1258 (merely . . .

IN RE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, In, 390 F. Supp. 3d 311 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Puerto Rico, 915 F.3d 838 (1st Cir. 2019), cert. granted, --- U.S. ----, 139 S. . . .

P. MITCHELL, v. WISCONSIN, 139 S. Ct. 2525 (U.S. 2019)

. . . McArthur , 531 U.S. 326, 330, 121 S.Ct. 946, 148 L.Ed.2d 838 (2001). . . .

IN RE A. YERIAN, A. v. B. II,, 927 F.3d 1223 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . In re Failla , 838 F.3d 1170, 1175 (11th Cir. 2016) (quoting Montclair v. . . .

J. K. J. M. J. J. v. POLK COUNTY L., 928 F.3d 576 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Chicago , 900 F.3d 838, 844 (7th Cir. 2018) (citation and quotation marks omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. RAMIREZ- MALDONADO, 928 F.3d 702 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . O'Dell , 204 F.3d 829, 838 (8th Cir. 2000) (finding no clear error where defendant was less culpable . . .

UNITED STATES v. HEARTLAND HOSPICE, INC., 386 F. Supp. 3d 884 (N.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . Brookdale Senior Living Communities, 838 F.3d 750, 769-70 (6th Cir. 2016) )). . . . In Prather, supra , 838 F.3d at 769, the relator's job required that she review a "backlog" of claims . . . allegedly fraudulent certification, the dates defendants requested payment, and the amounts paid or billed. 838 . . . Prather, supra , 838 F.3d at 774. . . . Ibanez, supra , 874 F.3d at 916 (citing 31 U.S.C. § 3719(a)(1)(G) ; Prather, supra , 838 F.3d at 774 . . .

JAGUAR LAND ROVER LIMITED, v. BENTLEY MOTORS LIMITED,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 665 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Amazon.com Inc., 838 F.3d 1253, 1258 (Fed. . . . Affinity Labs, 838 F.3d at 1258. . . .

UNITED STATES v. GREENE,, 927 F.3d 723 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Calisto , 838 F.2d 711, 717 (3d Cir. 1988), and United States v. . . . daughter did not create a reasonable expectation that the suspect would make an inculpatory statement. 838 . . . Calisto , 838 F.2d at 717. . . .

KANE COUNTY, UTAH, v. UNITED STATES, 928 F.3d 877 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ctys. , 100 F.3d at 838-41 ; Utah Ass'n of Ctys. , 255 F.3d at 1252. C. . . . Moser , 747 F.3d 814, 838 (10th Cir. 2014) (exercising our discretion to consider a waived issue because . . .

CALOGERO v. SHOWS, CALI WALSH, LLP, a C., 385 F. Supp. 3d 483 (E.D. La. 2019)

. . . Id. at 838. . . .

IN RE TELEXFREE SECURITIES LITIGATION, 389 F. Supp. 3d 101 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . LeadClick Media, LLC , 838 F.3d 158, 170 (2d. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PATTON,, 927 F.3d 1087 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Damato , 672 F.3d 832, 838 (10th Cir. 2012). B. Sentencing Challenges Mr. . . .

IN RE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. B. III G. M. J. R. J. A. Jr., 927 F.3d 597 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Puerto Rico, 915 F.3d 838, 851 (1st Cir. 2019). . . .

IANCU, v. BRUNETTI, 139 S. Ct. 2294 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Martinez , 561 U.S. 661, 679, n. 11, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 (2010). . . . Martinez , 561 U.S. 661, 669-670, 682, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 (2010) (" 'Registered Student . . .

HARMON, v. DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, 927 F.3d 884 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kilpatrick , 838 F.3d 476, 487 (5th Cir. 2016) ("Internal personnel disputes and management decisions . . . See Gibson , 838 F.3d at 487 ("The form of Gibson's suit-personal capacity-provides significant support . . .

UNITED STATES v. JONES,, 927 F.3d 895 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . in error because the homemade silencer never had a serial number to alter or obliterate). 784 F.3d 838 . . .

YOUNG, v. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF HUMPHREYS COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI,, 927 F.3d 898 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Fort Worth , 588 F.3d 838, 847 (5th Cir. 2009) ; see also FIFTH CIRCUIT PATTERN JURY INSTRUCTIONS . . .

RIVERA, v. STATE, 274 So. 3d 537 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . State, 838 So. 2d 1090, 1097 n.5 (Fla. 2002) (per curiam) (finding failure to specifically assert Sixth . . .

IN RE NATIONAL PRESCRIPTION OPIATE LITIGATION. HD LLC W. P. LLC, v., 927 F.3d 919 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Doe , 876 F.3d 831, 838 (6th Cir. 2017). . . . (See R. 156, PageID 838-41.) . . .

CHARLTON, v. UNITED STATES, 389 F. Supp. 3d 107 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Serrano-Mercado, 784 F.3d 838, 847-48 (1st Cir. 2015) ; United States v. . . .

G. MCDONOUGH, v. SMITH,, 139 S. Ct. 2149 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Undercover Officer C0039 , 838 F.3d 265, 277 (CA2 2016) (explaining that "a further deprivation of liberty . . .

UNITED STATES v. BREE,, 927 F.3d 856 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Salazar , 743 F.3d 445, 451-53 (5th Cir. 2014). 838 F.3d 597, 604 (5th Cir. 2016) ; see also Alvarez . . . See Gordon , 838 F.3d at 604. Id. . . . Gordon , 838 F.3d at 604. 732 F. App'x at 292. 838 F.3d at 604. Alvarez , 880 F.3d at 241. . . . See id . ; see also Gordon , 838 F.3d at 605. E.g. , United States v. . . .

MANHATTAN COMMUNITY ACCESS CORPORATION, v. HALLECK,, 139 S. Ct. 1921 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Martinez , 561 U.S. 661, 669, 679, and n. 12, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 (2010) (program for registered . . .

KARNOSKI D. L. K. G. s v. J. TRUMP, M. In J. M. U. S. K. J. M. U. S. K. v. D. L., 926 F.3d 1180 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Martinez , 561 U.S. 661, 689, 130 S.Ct. 2971, 177 L.Ed.2d 838 (2010) (citing Lawrence , 539 U.S. at 583 . . .