The 2022 Florida Statutes (including 2022 Special Session A and 2023 Special Session B)
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In fact, the Court recognizes that Petitioner has filed a state petition for writ of habeas corpus that is currently pending in the state trial court, confirming that Petitioner has access to a state forum where he can contest the conditions of his confinement and trial court's competency determination. See State v. Destra, No. F20-012299-B (Fla. 11th Cir. Ct. Dec. 20, 2022), Seq. No. 361; see also Fla. Stat. § 916.107(9)(a) (“At any time, and without notice, a forensic client detained by a facility . . . may petition for a writ of habeas corpus to question the cause and legality of such detention and request that the committing court issue a writ for release.”); Pompey v. Broward Cnty., 95 F.3d 1543, 1551 (11th Cir. 1996) (holding that there is an adequate state forum when “the plaintiff could have sought habeas corpus relief in the state court system”).
We have jurisdiction to review final orders of trial courts. Art. V, § 4(b)(1), Fla. Const. We review orders authorizing treatment under section 916.107 for competent, substantial evidence. Dinardo v. State , 742 So. 2d 287, 289 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998). The testimony of Ms. Felton's physician meets this standard. The physician testified that Ms. Felton is mentally ill, that the treatment is essential to her care, and that the treatment is not experimental and does not present an unreasonable risk of serious, hazardous, or irreversible side effects. § 916.107(3)(a)3, Fla. Stat. (2020). Ms. Felton's argument that her testimony contradicted her physician's is unpersuasive given that it is the prerogative of the trial judge to resolve credibility disputes.
It should be noted that even incompetent criminal defendants retain the capacity to exercise certain rights, such as the right to give written consent for treatment, section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2020), and the right to vote, section 916.107(7), Florida Statutes (2020).
After the hearing, the court entered an order confirming that it had considered the requirements of section 916.107(3)(a) when determining whether to authorize the involuntary medication of Burke. The court found that the proposed treatment was not experimental and did not present an unreasonable risk of serious, hazardous, or irreversible side effects. The court considered Burke's expressed preference about treatment, the probability of adverse side effects, the prognosis without treatment, and the prognosis with treatment. The trial court found that Burke met the criteria for involuntary treatment and granted the hospital's petition. This timely appeal follows.
Neither of the parties has taken a position on the merits of the Department's petition. Subsequent to the entry of the order on review, Emergency Orders DCF-20-096-EO and DCF-20-097-EO have suspended the Department's obligations pursuant to section 916.107(1)(a), Florida Statutes, regarding the transfer of forensic clients to a civil or forensic facility and the provision of treatment for forensic clients not yet in a civil or forensic facility through June 30, 2020.
Section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2018), permits involuntary treatment of a forensic client committed to a state facility in emergency situations or by petition of the court. Before granting a petition for involuntary treatment, the trial court "shall determine by clear and convincing evidence that the client has mental illness, intellectual disability, or autism, that the treatment not consented to is essential to the care of the client, and that the treatment not consented to is not experimental and does not present an unreasonable risk of serious, hazardous, or irreversible side effects." § 916.107(3)(a) 3., Fla. Stat. (2018). The court must also consider: (1) the client's preference about treatment; (2) the likelihood of adverse side effects; (3) the client's prognosis without treatment; and (4) the client's prognosis with treatment. § 916.107(3)(a) 3., Fla. Stat. (2018).
Section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2018), permits involuntary treatment of a forensic client committed to a state facility in emergency situations or by petition of the court. Before granting a petition for involuntary treatment, the trial court "shall determine by clear and convincing evidence that the client has mental illness, intellectual disability, or autism, that the treatment not consented to is essential to the care of the client, and that the treatment not consented to is not experimental and does not present an unreasonable risk of serious, hazardous, or irreversible side effects." § 916.107(3)(a)3, Fla. Stat. (2018). The court must also consider: (1) the client's preference about treatment; (2) the likelihood of adverse side effects; (3) the client's prognosis without treatment; and (4) the client's prognosis with treatment. § 916.107(3)(a) 3., Fla. Stat. (2018).
We recognize that involuntarily commitment in a secure forensic facility might equally restrict a defendant's liberty as he or she is not free to leave the facility and that, as a practical matter, the conditions of commitment may be just as unpleasant as a jail. Defendants committed for restoration of competency, however, have statutory rights. § 916.107, Fla. Stat. (2018). Moreover, if a trial court were permitted to order treatment in a custodial facility when less restrictive options are available and appropriate, it would undermine the legislative intent. § 916.105(3), Fla. Stat. (2018) ("It is the intent of the Legislature that evaluation and services to defendants who have mental illness, intellectual disability, or autism be provided in community settings, in community residential facilities, or in civil facilities, whenever this is a feasible alternative to treatment or training in a state forensic facility.").
Compare, e.g. , Fla. Stat. § 30.24(2)(b) ("independent contractors" transporting prisoners "shall be solely liable for the prisoner while the prisoner is in the custody of the company"), id. § 394.462(1)(c) ("independent contractor" transporting patients "is solely liable for the safe and dignified transport of the patient"), and id. § 916.107(10)(c) ("independent contractor" transporting clients is "solely liable for the safe and dignified transportation of the client"), with id. § 766.1115(2) ("It is the intent of the Legislature to ensure that health care professionals who contract to provide such services as agents of the state are provided sovereign immunity." (emphasis added) ).
Appellant argues that this case is controlled by Ungerbuehler v. State , 729 So.2d 954 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998), in which this Court reversed an order authorizing medical treatment, finding that the state presented "absolutely no evidence that the multidisciplinary team deemed the treatment to be necessary, as required by section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes." Id. at 954. This Court found that the only person to testify, the psychiatrist, "did not indicate that she spoke on behalf of the multidisciplinary team, nor was there testimony that the psychiatrist had discussed the necessity of medication with the treatment team." Id. at 955. In contrast, here, after testifying that he was requesting multiple medications for use in treating Appellant, and that Appellant would be observed for side effects and treated accordingly, the psychiatrist testified that the treatment team was "in agreement" with "this protocol." We find that this testimony is sufficient to support the lower tribunal's order.
. . . . § 916.107(10)(c) ("independent contractor" transporting clients is "solely liable for the safe and . . .
. . . evidence that the multidisciplinary team deemed the treatment to be necessary, as required by section 916.107 . . .
. . . The order authorizing involuntary medical treatment is affirmed as the requirements of section 916.107 . . .
. . . .” § 916.107, Fla. Stat. (2017) (emphasis added). . . .
. . . the Forensic Client is in immediate need of psychiatric medication and treatment pursuant to Section 916.107 . . . Section 916.107(3), Florida Statutes (2014), allows a facility to involuntarily treat a patient if the . . . He also contends that, contrary to section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2014), and section 916.106 . . . Section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2014), requires the forensic client to “be asked to give express . . . Only when a client refuses treatment does the facility petition for a court order under section 916.107 . . .
. . . . § 916.107(8), Fla. Stat. (xi) Estate inventories and account-ings. § 733.604(1), Fla. Stat. . . .
. . . Section 916.107(3) (a), Florida Statutes (2013), states that “[a] forensic client shall be asked to give . . . To establish compliance with section 916.107(3)(a), the petitioner must present evidence that the patient . . . Here, the record does not contain competent, substantial evidence to show compliance with section 916.107 . . . Nonetheless, we conclude that the State’s failure to present evidence of compliance with section 916.107 . . . Thus, the complete failure of the evidence to establish compliance with section 916.107(3)(a) is the . . .
. . . Its petition met the requirements of section 916.107(3)(a). . . . Section 916.107 covers the Rights of Forensic Clients. . . . and Informed Consent, section 916.107(3)(a). . . . Thus, compliance with section 916.107(2)(d) in a hearing held pursuant to section 916.107(3)(a) is not . . . See § 916.107(9)(b), Fla. . . . center’s petition to impose involuntary psychotropic treatment upon the patient pursuant to section 916.107 . . . individualized treatment plan which he had an opportunity to assist in preparing as required by section 916.107 . . .
. . . substantial evidence to support the trial court’s findings and to substantiate compliance with sec tion 916.107 . . . With regards to the patient’s first argument, section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2013), provides . . . testimony from all treatment plan members is not required, in order to establish compliance with section 916.107 . . . Thus, no competent, substantial evidence exists to show compliance with section 916.107(3)(a).”); Smith . . . future hearing at which time the treatment center may present evidence of its compliance with sections 916.107 . . .
. . . the record must contain competent, substantial evidence ... to substantiate compliance with section 916.107 . . . On the first argument, section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2013), provides, in pertinent part: A . . . Thus, no competent, substantial evidence exists to show compliance with section 916.107(3)(a). . . . Thus, no competent, substantial evidence exists to show compliance with section 916.107(2)(d). . . . (3)(a) and 916.107(2)(d). . . .
. . . review an order requiring a forensic patient to accept involuntary psychotropic treatment under section 916.107 . . .
. . . Section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2012), provides, in pertinent part: A forensic client shall . . . appropriate care of the client, such treatment may be provided under the following circumstances. ... § 916.107 . . . Our case law interpreting section 916.107(3)(a) “ ‘requires that at least some evidence that the multidisciplinary . . . substantial evidence to support the trial court’s findings and to substantiate compliance with section 916.107 . . .
. . . . § 916.107(8), Fla. Stat. (xi) Estate inventories and account-ings: § 733.604(1), Fla. Stat. . . . of detained- eriminal-defendants found inoompetent to proceed-or acquitted by-reason of insanityr-§-916.107 . . .
. . . involuntary administration of psychotropic medication necessary and essential as required by section 916.107 . . . Section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes (2011), provides in relevant part: (a) A forensic client shall . . . this petition was not a petition for the continuation of the previous order as provided in section 916.107 . . . Therefore, it was necessary for the state to prove compliance with section 916.107(3)(a), Florida Statutes . . . the petition finding that there was clear and convincing evidence of each of the factors in section 916.107 . . .
. . . Under section 916.107(3)(a), a patient cannot be forcibly treated unless the treatment is “deemed necessary . . . Id. at 52 (quoting § 916.107(3)(a), Fla. Stat. (2010)). . . .
. . . See § 916.107, Fla. Stat. (2010). BENTON, C.J., THOMAS, and SWANSON, JJ., concur. . . .
. . . medication was deemed necessary and essential by his multidisciplinary team, as required by section 916.107 . . . Section 916.107(3)(a), provides that “[a] forensic client shall be asked to give express and informed . . . of the client,” such treatment may be provided under certain statutorily enumerated circumstances. § 916.107 . . . and that the trial court has considered at least the four factors specified in clauses ad of section 916.107 . . . the patient’s multidisciplinary treatment team at the forensic facility” within the terms of section 916.107 . . .
. . . . § 916.107(8), Fla. Stat. _ Estate inventories and account-ings. § 733.604(1), Fla. . . .
. . . Compare § 916.107(1), Fla. Stat. (2009). . . .
. . . . § 916.107(8), Fla. Stat. (xi) Estate inventories and account-ings. § 733.604(1), Fla. Stat. . . . of detained criminal defendants found incompetent to proceed or acquitted by reason of insanity. § 916.107 . . .
. . . review the trial court’s denial of her Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, filed pursuant to section 916.107 . . . Section 916.107(9)(b) is the enforcement mechanism for section 916.107, which acts as a committed defendant . . . See particularly § 916.107, Fla. Stat. (1991). . . . [Section 916.107(9) confers the right of a patient (extending to a guardian, representative, friend, . . . Here, appellant expressly raised her action under the authority of section 916.107(9)(b). . . .
. . . This is permissible under section 916.107(9)(a), Florida Statutes (2008), which permits a forensic client . . .
. . . client under section 916.106(7), Florida Statutes (2004) and his transport was governed by section 916.107 . . . Everette Is Not a Criminal Defendant Subject to Section 916.107(10) In addition to failing to join the . . . below also erred in holding that the sheriff is responsible for transporting Everette under section 916.107 . . . Section 916.107(10) is part of chapter 916 of the Florida Statutes, which addresses the treatment of . . . As Everette is currently a civilly committed person, the transportation provision of section 916.107( . . . his transportation would also be governed by the provisions of chapter 916, and, pursuant to section 916.107 . . . See § 916.107(10), Fla. Stat. (2004). . . . Stat. (2004) (providing unrestricted right to visitation), with § 916.107(5)(c), Fla. . . . to establish reasonable policies with regard to visitation and telephone communication); see also § 916.107 . . .
. . . The DCF argues that part of the trial court’s order effectively amends section 916.107(l)(a), Florida . . . Nevertheless, the DCF argues that section 916.107(l)(a) eliminated any mandate to provide treatment to . . . or any other appropriate program until the client is transferred to a civil or forensic facility. § 916.107 . . . The DCF next suggests that section 916.107(l)(a) should supercede the responsibility imposed by section . . . We agree with the trial court’s finding that the amendment to section 916.107(l)(a) merely provided options . . .
. . . DCF should not be held in contempt and requiring DCF to explain why it had not complied with section 916.107 . . .
. . . Section 916.107, Florida Statutes (2006), states as follows: (1) RIGHT TO INDIVIDUAL DIGNITY.— (a) The . . . order containing all documentation required by the applicable Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure. § 916.107 . . . skillfully, safely, and humanely, with full respect for the client’s dignity and personal integrity.... § 916.107 . . .
. . . whether Everett continued to meet the criteria for secure residential placement, we found that section 916.107 . . .
. . . The Department objected, arguing that pursuant to section 916.107(10), Florida Statutes, the County Sheriff . . . Specifically, section 916.107(10), provides: The sheriff shall consult with the governing board of the . . . Thus, contrary to the dissent’s suggestion, section 916.107(10)(a), Florida Statutes, does apply in the . . . Section 916.107(10), Florida Statutes (2004), which governs transporting forensic clients, places the . . . transportation responsibility on the Sheriff. § 916.107(10)(a), Fla. . . . LEGAL ANALYSIS Both the majority opinion and the petitioner rely on section 916.107(10)(a), Florida Statutes . . . The trial court thought that this would violate section 916.107(l)(a), which states that “a jail may . . . The basic problem with the majority’s reliance on section 916.107(10) is that this statute does not apply . . . Section 916.107(10)(b), Florida Statutes, states that "[t]he governing board of each county is authorized . . . department had failed to take custody of them within fifteen days of commitment as mandated by section 916.107 . . .
. . . of an incarcerated, incompetent criminal defendant after the fifteen-day period described in section 916.107 . . . Department had failed to take custody of them within fifteen days of commitment as mandated by section 916.107 . . .
. . . Section 916.107(l)(a), Florida Statutes (2001), concerns placement of adults adjudicated incompetent . . .
. . . Section 916.107(l)(a), which contains a “bill of-rights” for forensic detainees, provides that a jail . . . from the county jail to an appropriate facility within the fifteen-day period specified in section 916.107 . . .
. . . commitment by filing a petition for writ of habeas corpus with the Broward circuit court under section 916.107 . . . A prior version of section 916.107(9)(a) has been interpreted to require that such a challenge be made . . .
. . . For the same reason we express no opinion on the effect of section 916.107, Florida Statutes (1997), . . .
. . . evidence that the multidisciplinary team deemed the treatment to be necessary, as required by section 916.107 . . .
. . . Section 916.107(4), relating to quality of treatment, provides: Each patient committed pursuant to this . . .
. . . substantial evidence sufficient to establish the necessity for the authorized treatment pursuant to section 916.107 . . . See § 916.107(3)(a), Fla. Stat. (1997). . . . Vaughn also ruled “again as in Meeker, such a finding [of compliance with the requirements of section 916.107 . . . Section 916.107(3)(a)3 requires the trial court to determine by clear and convincing evidence (i) that . . . In the order on review, the trial court makes the ultimate determinations required by section 916.107 . . .
. . . The order is premised on section 916.107, Florida Statutes (1995). . . . Section 916.107 provides in relevant part: Rights of forensic clients.— (3) RIGHT TO EXPRESS AND INFORMED . . . State, 584 So.2d 169 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991), applying section 916.107, that the evidence was not sufficient . . . Compare § 916.107, Fla. Stat. (1991) with § 916.107, Fla. Stat. (1995). . . .
. . . Although the order purports to authorize treatment in accordance with section 916.107(3)(a), Florida . . . judicially imposed after commitment, pursuant to chapter 916, was that which was authorized under section 916.107 . . .
. . . may be judicially imposed after commitment, pursuant to chapter 916 is that authorized under section 916.107 . . .
. . . Although purporting to authorize treatment in accordance with section 916.107(3), Florida Statutes, the . . . The court made findings by recitation of the statutory language of section 916.107(3)(a)3 in the challenged . . . team in the order, or whether the team had deemed the treatment to be necessary as required by section 916.107 . . .
. . . Earnest Hills appeals a final order approving treatment pursuant to section 916.107(3), Florida Statutes . . . argued that the trial court’s order was nonfinal and not otherwise appealable since, under section 916.107 . . .
. . . placement of Myers in a secure community in-patient residential facility recites sections 916.105(3) and 916.107 . . .
. . . See § 916.107(l)(a), Fla.Stat. (1993) (mandating that mentally ill defendants, after they have been found . . .
. . . ." § 916.107(9), Fla.Stat. (1993). . . .
. . . See particularly § 916.107, Fla.Stat. (1991). . . . In subsection 916.107(4), the legislature has specifically dictated that “each patient committed pursuant . . . Section 916.107(11), inapplicable here, authorizes a suit for damages against “[a]ny person who violates . . . Section 916.107(9) confers the right of a patient (extending to a guardian, represent-. ative, friend . . .
. . . patient’s multidisciplinary treatment team at the forensic facility” (e.s.), within the terms of Sec. 916.107 . . . The four findings required by Sec. 916.107(3)(a)3, supra, for nonconsensual treatment all relate to “ . . .
. . . has been afforded notice, counsel and a right to a hearing at which the criteria in Florida Statute § 916.107 . . . to the provision for a “petition” and an “order” in Florida Statute § 945.48(2)(b), Florida Statute §916.107 . . . Compare the criteria of Florida Statute § 916.107(3)(a)3. . . .
. . . This cause is before us on appeal from final orders entered pursuant to Section 916.107(3), Florida Statutes . . . present an unreasonable risk of serious, hazardous, or irreversible side effects” as required by Section 916.107 . . . Section 916.107(3)(a)3 provides, in pertinent part with emphasis added, the following: At the hearing . . .