Shabazz v. State, 615 S.E.2d 214 (Ga. Ct. App. 2005). · Go Syfert
Shabazz v. State, 615 S.E.2d 214 (Ga. Ct. App. 2005). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
17 citation events (17 in the last 25 years) across 2 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Todd McNair v. State (gactapp, 2014-03-25)
Top citers, strongest first. 7 distinct citers.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Todd McNair v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
And in an unpublished opinion, we affirmed the trial court’s ruling based upon a series of cases in which this Court previously held that the rule of lenity is confined to those situations when the statutory violations at issue involve a misdemeanor and a felony, but otherwise has no application when both crimes are classified as felonies.7 The Supreme Court of Georgia granted certiorari in the case, disapproved of our prior precedents, and held 6 OCGA § 16-9-31 (a) (1) (emphasis supplied). 7 See generally Rollf v. State, 314 Ga. App. 596, 598 (2) (a) ( 724 SE2d 881 ) (2012) (“The rule of…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McNair v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 2014 · confidence medium
See generally Rollf v. State, 314 Ga. App. 596, 598 (2) (a) ( 724 SE2d 881 ) (2012) (“The rule of lenity does not apply to convictions for two felony offenses.” (punctuation omitted)); Rouen v. State, 312 Ga. App. 8, 11 (3) ( 717 SE2d 519 ) (2011); Fyfe v. State, 305 Ga. App. 322, 328 (3) ( 699 SE2d 546 ) (2010); Poole v. State, 302 Ga. App. 464, 467 (2) ( 691 SE2d 317 ) (2010); Falagian v. State, 300 Ga. App. 187, 191 (2) ( 684 SE2d 340 ) (2009); Shabazz v. State, 273 Ga. App. 389, 391 (1) ( 615 SE2d 214 ) (2005).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) McNair v. State
Ga. · 2013 · confidence medium
Nevertheless, upon considering Dixon and McClellan, supra, the Court of Appeals in Shabazz v. State, 273 Ga. App. 389, 391 ( 615 SE2d 214 ) (2005) announced for the first time that the rule of lenity was inapplicable because the crimes at issue in that case both exacted felony punishments.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Poole v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 2010 · confidence medium
See also OCGA § 16-1-6 (providing that an included crime “is established by proof of the same or less than all the facts or a less culpable mental state than is required to establish the commission of the crime charged,” or is one which “differs from the crime charged only in the respect that a less serious injury or risk of injury to the same person, property, or public interest or a lesser kind of culpability suffices to establish its commission”). 6 See Edwards, 264 Ga. at 133 . 7 See Wesson, 279 Ga. App. at 433 (4). 8 See Edwards, 264 Ga. at 133 (failure to charge lesser included …
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Falagian v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 2009 · confidence medium
OCGA § 16-8-12 (a) (1) (if property of theft exceeded $500 in value, crime is punishable by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than ten years or, in the discretion of the trial judge, as for a misdemeanor); Shabazz v. State, 273 Ga. App. 389, 391 ( 615 SE2d 214 ) (2005) (rule of lenity is only applicable where differing grades of punishment are at issue).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Wilson v. State
Ga. Ct. App. · 2006 · confidence medium
Brown v. State, 268 Ga. 154, 155 ( 486 SE2d 178 ) (1997), modified on other grounds, 270 Ga. 601 -604 (2)-(4) ( 512 SE2d 260 ) (1999). 10 Ga. L. 1995, pp. 957, 958, § 3 (amending OCGA § 16-6-3). 11 Ga. L. 2001, p. 92 et seq. (amending OCGA§§ 16-6-13; 16-6-14). 12 Quaweay v. State, 274 Ga. App. 657, 658 ( 618 SE2d 707 ) (2005) (emphasis in original). 13 Supra. 14 Shabazz v. State, 273 Ga. App. 389, 390 (1) ( 615 SE2d 214 ) (2005). 15 See id. 16 Phagan v. State, 268 Ga. 272, 281 (5) ( 486 SE2d 876 ) (1997). 17 See id. at 280-281 ; Ross v. State, 262 Ga. App. 323, 326-328 (4) ( 585 SE2d 666 )…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Scott v. State (2×)
Ga. Ct. App. · 2006 · signal: compare · confidence medium
J., and Smith, R J., concur. 1 Smith v. State, 273 Ga. 356, 357 (2) ( 541 SE2d 362 ) (2001). 2 See generally Parrott v. State, 206 Ga. App. 829, 835 (5) (b) ( 427 SE2d 276 ) (1992). 3 Smith v. Hardrick, 266 Ga. 54, 55 (2) ( 464 SE2d 198 ) (1995) (footnotes and emphasis omitted). 4 Cf. Stinson v. State, 279 Ga. 177, 178-179 (2) ( 611 SE2d 52 ) (2005) (even though felony murder count of indictment did not contain essential elements of predicate offense of aggravated assault, indictment satisfied due process because another count set forth sufficient allegations to put defendant on notice of the …
Shabazz
v.
the State
A05A0480.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
May 23, 2005.
615 S.E.2d 214
L. Elizabeth Lane, for appellant., Howard Z. Simms, District Attorney, Dorothy V. Hull, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
Phipps, Andrews, Mikell.
Cited by 8 opinions  |  Published
Phipps, Judge.

A grand jury returned a one-count indictment against Yusuf Shabazz charging him with aggravated child molestation. The indictment alleged that “[Shabazz] did . . . perform an immoral and indecent act to, with and in the presence of [S. J.], a child under the age of 16 years, with the intent to arouse and satisfy the sexual[*390] desires of said accused and which act resulted in physical injury to said child, to wit: genital injury, in that the said accused did perform intercourse with said child. . . .”

At trial, the evidence showed that on March 5,2000, Shabazz had sexual intercourse with 15-year-old S. J. A physician examined S. J. on the day of the incident and found lacerations and fresh blood on her genitalia consistent with the occurrence of forcible intercourse.

The jury found Shabazz guilty as charged. He was sentenced to 30 years, 12 to serve in prison and the remainder on probation. Shabazz’s motion for new trial was denied. On appeal, he contends that the trial court erred by sentencing him pursuant to the statute proscribing aggravated child molestation and by rejecting his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Because the record does not support these claims of error, we affirm.

1. Shabazz argues that, although the jury found him guilty of aggravated child molestation, the conduct underlying that crime also violated the statutory rape statute. He contends that, in accordance with the rule of lenity, the trial court should have sentenced him under the statutory rape statute, which carries a sentencing range of ten to twenty years, where, as here, the defendant is twenty-one years of age or older. [1] Shabazz relies upon Dixon v. State 2

Under the rule of lenity, “a penal statute providing two possible grades of punishment or penalty for the same offense (i.e., one as a felony and one as a misdemeanor) is uncertain and the defendant is entitled to the lesser of the two penalties contained in the statute.” [3]

In Dixon, the Supreme Court of Georgia applied this rule where two statutes governing the same conduct conflicted with respect to their prescribed punishments. [4] In that case, the jury found that, based on the same conduct, the defendant was guilty of both misdemeanor statutory rape and aggravated child molestation, a felony. [5] The trial court sentenced him on the latter crime. On appeal, the Supreme Court considered the relationship between the misdemeanor statutory rape statute [6] and the felony child molestation statute. [7] The Court concluded that the defendant should have been sentenced on the lesser charge, citing, among a number of other[*391] reasons, the rule of lenity. [8] The Court stated that this rule “is particularly applicable where the two crimes at issue involve different grades of punishment, i.e., a misdemeanor and a felony.” [9] The Court also stated that enactment of the misdemeanor statutory rape statute “spoke very directly towards specific conduct involving actors within a very narrow age range” [10] and that “it would undermine the intent of that statute if the exact same conduct could also be punished as felony child molestation.” [11]

Shabazz’s reliance upon the rule of lenity and Dixon is misplaced because there are no differing grades of punishment at issue here. Shabazz was indicted for and convicted of only one crime: aggravated child molestation, a felony. And even if Shabazz had additionally been charged and convicted of statutory rape, that crime also would have constituted a felony, not a misdemeanor. A person is guilty of misdemeanor statutory rape “if the victim is 14 or 15 years of age and the person so convicted is no more than three years older than the victim.” [12] While S. J. was 15 years of age at the time of the incident, Shabazz was 57 years of age. The sexual episode at issue here does not constitute the “specific conduct involving actors within a very narrow age range” as contemplated by the misdemeanor statutory rape statute; [13] thus, it does not raise Dixon’s concern that the intent of the misdemeanor statutory rape statute not be undermined. Because this is not a case in which the defendant’s conduct could have been punished as either a misdemeanor or a felony, [14] it does not invoke the rule of lenity. The trial court correctly sentenced Shabazz pursuant to the aggravated child molestation statute. [15]

2. Shabazz contends that the trial court erred in rejecting his claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. He cites his first attorney’s failure to turn over notes concerning her investigation to his second attorney. He cites his second attorney’s failure to hire an expert witness to rebut the state’s medical evidence and to visit the crime scene.

The burden is on the defendant claiming ineffective assistance of counsel to establish that counsel’s performance was deficient and[*392] that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. [16] Shabazz has failed to meet this burden. At his motion for new trial hearing, he did not proffer any expert testimony; he did not show how his second attorney might have benefitted from the first attorney’s notes; and he did not establish what information the second attorney would have obtained from the crime scene. Consequently, Shabazz has not carried his burden of showing that his counsel’s performance, even if deficient, prejudiced his defense. [17]

Decided May 23, 2005. L. Elizabeth Lane, for appellant. Howard Z. Simms, District Attorney, Dorothy V. Hull, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.

Judgment affirmed.

Andrews, P. J., and Mikell, J., concur.
1

OCGA § 16-6-3 (b). The sentencing range for aggravated child molestation is ten to thirty years, pursuant to OCGA § 16-6-4.

3

McClellan v. State, 274 Ga. 819, 820 (1) (b) (561 SE2d 82) (2002); see also Gee v. State, 225 Ga. 669 (7) (171 SE2d 291) (1969).

4

Dixon, supra at 7 (1) (d); see Webb v. State, 270 Ga. App. 817, 819 (2) (608 SE2d 241) (2004).

16

Berry v. State, 262 Ga. App. 375, 376 (2) (585 SE2d 679) (2003).

17

See Hunt v. State, 278 Ga. 479, 480-481 (4) (604 SE2d 144) (2004); Madge v. State, 245 Ga. App. 848, 851 (3) (a) (538 SE2d 907) (2000).

9

Id. (footnote omitted).

10

Id. at 6 (1) (b).

11

Id. at 5 (1) (a).

14

Compare Brown v. State, 276 Ga. 606, 608 (1) (581 SE2d 35) (2003).