Syfert Injury Law Firm

Your Trusted Partner in Personal Injury & Workers' Compensation

Call Now: 904-383-7448

2018 Georgia Code 16-12-102 | Car Wreck Lawyer

TITLE 16 CRIMES AND OFFENSES

Section 12. Offenses Against Public Health and Morals, 16-12-1 through 16-12-191.

ARTICLE 3 OBSCENITY AND RELATED OFFENSES

16-12-102. Definitions.

As used in this part, the term:

  1. "Harmful to minors" means that quality of description or representation, in whatever form, of nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, or sadomasochistic abuse, when it:
    1. Taken as a whole, predominantly appeals to the prurient, shameful, or morbid interest of minors;
    2. Is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable material for minors; and
    3. Is, when taken as a whole, lacking in serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors.
  2. "Knowingly" means having a general knowledge of, or reason to know, or a belief or ground for belief which warrants further inspection or inquiry of both:
    1. The character and content of any material described in this part which is reasonably susceptible to examination by the defendant; and
    2. The age of the minor; provided, however, that an honest mistake shall constitute an excuse from liability in this part if the defendant made a reasonable, bona fide attempt to ascertain the true age of such minor.
  3. "Minor" means a person less than 18 years of age.
  4. "Sadomasochistic abuse" means actual or simulated flagellation or torture by or upon a person who is nude, clad in undergarments, a mask or bizarre costume, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise physically restrained by one so clothed or nude.
  5. "Sexual conduct" means actual or simulated acts of masturbation, homosexuality, sexual intercourse, or physical contact in an act of apparent sexual stimulation or gratification with a person's clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if such person is female, breasts.
  6. "Sexual excitement" means the condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal.
  7. "Sexually explicit nudity" means a state of undress so as to expose the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks with less than a full opaque covering, or the showing of the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any portion thereof below the top of the nipple, or the depiction of covered or uncovered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

(Code 1981, §16-12-102, enacted by Ga. L. 1983, p. 1437, § 2; Ga. L. 1984, p. 1495, § 3; Ga. L. 1996, p. 6, § 16.)

JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Constitutionality.

- Definition of material targeted in O.C.G.A. § 16-12-102 does not involve "legislative overkill"; the definition employs a narrowly crafted adaptation of the current definition of adult obscenity announced by the United States Supreme Court in Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, 93 S. Ct. 2607, 37 L. Ed. 2d 419 (1973). American Booksellers v. Webb, 919 F.2d 1493 (11th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 500 U.S. 941, 111 S. Ct. 2237, 114 L. Ed. 2d 479 (1991).

O.C.G.A. § 16-12-102 covers only material unprotected to minors and is not so indeterminate that the statute unduly chills protected expression. American Booksellers v. Webb, 919 F.2d 1493 (11th Cir. 1990).

"Obscene" work viewed "as a whole."

- The O.C.G.A. § 16-12-103(a)(1) charge against the defendant was based on defendant's exhibiting to a minor an allegedly pornographic motion picture, and the jury was allowed to view a videotape of this motion picture; but at some point during the showing of this film, defense counsel stipulated that the film was sexually explicit, and the remainder of the film was not shown to the jury, as a result of this truncation of the jury's view of the film, there was insufficient evidence under which the jury could have found defendant guilty of this charge since, in order to be adjudged obscene, the work must depict sexually explicit nudity and be harmful to minors; in order to be adjudged harmful to minors, the work must meet the three-part test set out in O.C.G.A. § 16-12-102(1)(A), (B), and (C) and in order to determine whether the work meets the tests set out in subparagraphs (A) and (C), the work must be viewed "as a whole." Hunter v. State, 257 Ga. 571, 361 S.E.2d 787 (1987).

Materials "harmful to minors."

- In a prosecution for exhibiting harmful material to a minor, pursuant to the statutory definition, the question for the jury was whether the materials in question were "harmful to minors" under the "prevailing standards in the adult community" and testimony of a defense witness that the materials were not in fact harmful was irrelevant. Hollis v. State, 215 Ga. App. 35, 450 S.E.2d 247 (1994).

Watching sexually explicit videotapes with minor.

- In a prosecution for child molestation, based on defendant's forcing a minor to watch sexually explicit videotapes with the defendant, the state was not required to prove that the tapes were "obscene" and "harmful to minors." Stroeining v. State, 226 Ga. App. 410, 486 S.E.2d 670 (1997).

Cited in American Booksellers Ass'n v. Webb, 590 F. Supp. 677 (N.D. Ga. 1984); Greulich v. State, 263 Ga. App. 552, 588 S.E.2d 450 (2003).

OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Protection of minors.

- Public libraries may be required by legislation to take appropriate action to protect minors from exposure to materials which fall within the definition of harmful to minors. 1995 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U95-24.

Cases Citing Georgia Code 16-12-102 From Courtlistener.com

Total Results: 5

Harris v. State

Court: Supreme Court of Georgia | Date Filed: 2022-06-22

Snippet: which, taken as a whole, is harmful to minors.”), 16-12-102 (defining “minor” as “a person less than 18 years

Scott v. State

Court: Supreme Court of Georgia | Date Filed: 2016-07-05

Citation: 299 Ga. 568, 788 S.E.2d 468, 2016 Ga. LEXIS 460

Snippet: genitals in a discernibly turgid state.” OCGA § 16-12-102 (7). • “Sexual conduct” is defined as “human

State v. Cafe Erotica, Inc.

Court: Supreme Court of Georgia | Date Filed: 1998-05-26

Citation: 500 S.E.2d 574, 269 Ga. 486, 98 Fulton County D. Rep. 1769, 1998 Ga. LEXIS 561

Snippet: “a person less than 18 years of age.” OCGA § 16-12-102 (3). Without explanation, however, OCGA § 16-12-103

Hunter v. State

Court: Supreme Court of Georgia | Date Filed: 1987-11-05

Citation: 361 S.E.2d 787, 257 Ga. 571, 1987 Ga. LEXIS 1009

Snippet: reasons which follow, we reverse. 1. OCGA §§ 16-12-102; XX-XX-XXX; and XX-XX-XXX were amended by Section

American Booksellers Assn. v. Webb

Court: Supreme Court of Georgia | Date Filed: 1985-05-22

Citation: 329 S.E.2d 495, 254 Ga. 399, 1985 Ga. LEXIS 716

Snippet: Laws 1495 (hereinafter the Act), amending OCGA § 16-12-102 et seq., on state and federal constitutional grounds