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2018 Georgia Code 16-12-102 | Car Wreck Lawyer

TITLE 16 CRIMES AND OFFENSES

Section 12. Offenses Against Public Health and Morals, 16-12-1 through 16-12-191.

ARTICLE 3 OBSCENITY AND RELATED OFFENSES

16-12-102. Definitions.

As used in this part, the term:

  1. "Harmful to minors" means that quality of description or representation, in whatever form, of nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, or sadomasochistic abuse, when it:
    1. Taken as a whole, predominantly appeals to the prurient, shameful, or morbid interest of minors;
    2. Is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable material for minors; and
    3. Is, when taken as a whole, lacking in serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors.
  2. "Knowingly" means having a general knowledge of, or reason to know, or a belief or ground for belief which warrants further inspection or inquiry of both:
    1. The character and content of any material described in this part which is reasonably susceptible to examination by the defendant; and
    2. The age of the minor; provided, however, that an honest mistake shall constitute an excuse from liability in this part if the defendant made a reasonable, bona fide attempt to ascertain the true age of such minor.
  3. "Minor" means a person less than 18 years of age.
  4. "Sadomasochistic abuse" means actual or simulated flagellation or torture by or upon a person who is nude, clad in undergarments, a mask or bizarre costume, or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise physically restrained by one so clothed or nude.
  5. "Sexual conduct" means actual or simulated acts of masturbation, homosexuality, sexual intercourse, or physical contact in an act of apparent sexual stimulation or gratification with a person's clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if such person is female, breasts.
  6. "Sexual excitement" means the condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal.
  7. "Sexually explicit nudity" means a state of undress so as to expose the human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks with less than a full opaque covering, or the showing of the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any portion thereof below the top of the nipple, or the depiction of covered or uncovered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.

(Code 1981, §16-12-102, enacted by Ga. L. 1983, p. 1437, § 2; Ga. L. 1984, p. 1495, § 3; Ga. L. 1996, p. 6, § 16.)

JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Constitutionality.

- Definition of material targeted in O.C.G.A. § 16-12-102 does not involve "legislative overkill"; the definition employs a narrowly crafted adaptation of the current definition of adult obscenity announced by the United States Supreme Court in Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, 93 S. Ct. 2607, 37 L. Ed. 2d 419 (1973). American Booksellers v. Webb, 919 F.2d 1493 (11th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 500 U.S. 941, 111 S. Ct. 2237, 114 L. Ed. 2d 479 (1991).

O.C.G.A. § 16-12-102 covers only material unprotected to minors and is not so indeterminate that the statute unduly chills protected expression. American Booksellers v. Webb, 919 F.2d 1493 (11th Cir. 1990).

"Obscene" work viewed "as a whole."

- The O.C.G.A. § 16-12-103(a)(1) charge against the defendant was based on defendant's exhibiting to a minor an allegedly pornographic motion picture, and the jury was allowed to view a videotape of this motion picture; but at some point during the showing of this film, defense counsel stipulated that the film was sexually explicit, and the remainder of the film was not shown to the jury, as a result of this truncation of the jury's view of the film, there was insufficient evidence under which the jury could have found defendant guilty of this charge since, in order to be adjudged obscene, the work must depict sexually explicit nudity and be harmful to minors; in order to be adjudged harmful to minors, the work must meet the three-part test set out in O.C.G.A. § 16-12-102(1)(A), (B), and (C) and in order to determine whether the work meets the tests set out in subparagraphs (A) and (C), the work must be viewed "as a whole." Hunter v. State, 257 Ga. 571, 361 S.E.2d 787 (1987).

Materials "harmful to minors."

- In a prosecution for exhibiting harmful material to a minor, pursuant to the statutory definition, the question for the jury was whether the materials in question were "harmful to minors" under the "prevailing standards in the adult community" and testimony of a defense witness that the materials were not in fact harmful was irrelevant. Hollis v. State, 215 Ga. App. 35, 450 S.E.2d 247 (1994).

Watching sexually explicit videotapes with minor.

- In a prosecution for child molestation, based on defendant's forcing a minor to watch sexually explicit videotapes with the defendant, the state was not required to prove that the tapes were "obscene" and "harmful to minors." Stroeining v. State, 226 Ga. App. 410, 486 S.E.2d 670 (1997).

Cited in American Booksellers Ass'n v. Webb, 590 F. Supp. 677 (N.D. Ga. 1984); Greulich v. State, 263 Ga. App. 552, 588 S.E.2d 450 (2003).

OPINIONS OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Protection of minors.

- Public libraries may be required by legislation to take appropriate action to protect minors from exposure to materials which fall within the definition of harmful to minors. 1995 Op. Att'y Gen. No. U95-24.

Cases Citing O.C.G.A. § 16-12-102

Total Results: 5  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Harris v. State, 314 Ga. 238 (Ga. 2022).

Cited 37 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jun 22, 2022

...furnish or disseminate to a minor . . . [a]ny . . . printed matter however reproduced . . . which contains any . . . explicit and detailed verbal descriptions or narrative accounts of sexual excitement [or] sexual conduct . . . which, taken as a whole, is harmful to minors.”); 16-12-102 (3) (defining “minor” as “a person less than 18 years of age”), 16-12-105 (a) (explaining that, with a limited exception not applicable here, a person convicted of this crime is “guilty of a misdemeanor of a high and aggravated nature”)....
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Scott v. State, 299 Ga. 568 (Ga. 2016).

Cited 37 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jul 5, 2016 | 788 S.E.2d 468

... a full opaque covering, or the showing of the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any portion thereof below the top of the nipple, or the depiction of covered or uncovered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.” OCGA § 16-12-102 (7). • “Sexual conduct” is defined as “human masturbation, sexual intercourse, or any touching of the genitals, pubic areas, or buttocks of the human male or female or the breasts of the female, whether alone or...
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Am. Booksellers Assn. v. Webb, 329 S.E.2d 495 (Ga. 1985).

Cited 13 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | May 22, 1985 | 254 Ga. 399

...Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, and arose as a suit filed in the District Court for the Northern District of Georgia for declaratory and injunctive relief challenging the validity of an act, 1984 Ga. Laws 1495 (hereinafter the Act), amending OCGA § 16-12-102 et seq., on state and federal constitutional grounds....
...Sections one and two amend sections of Chapter Six of the Criminal Code, Title 16, which defines sexual offenses. Section one amends OCGA § 16-6-4 relating to child molestation; section two amends OCGA § 16-6-5 relating to enticing a child for indecent purposes. Section three amends OCGA § 16-12-102 through 104 relating to control of materials defined as harmful to minors....
...includes by name all chapters of the Criminal Code to be amended. 1984 Ga. Laws 1495. Therefore, the first question posed is answered in the negative. 2. The second question posed invites this Court to construe that part of the Act codified in OCGA § 16-12-102 et seq....
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Hunter v. State, 361 S.E.2d 787 (Ga. 1987).

Cited 11 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Nov 5, 1987 | 257 Ga. 571

...t thereto. However, the appellant was convicted of the other charge. He appeals his conviction to this court, challenging the constitutionality of the statutory provisions under which he was convicted. For reasons which follow, we reverse. 1. OCGA §§ 16-12-102; XX-XX-XXX; and XX-XX-XXX were amended by Section 3 of Georgia Laws 1984, pp....
...it and "harmful to minors." (4) OCGA § 16-12-104 [4] is the exemption component, and this provision states that § 16-12-103 shall not apply to any public library or any other library operated as part of any school, college, or university. (5) OCGA § 16-12-102 [5] is the definition component, and this provision defines, among other things, the term "harmful to minors," within the meaning of the prior statutory components....
...drawing, sculpture, motion picture film, or similar visual representation or image of a person or portion of the human body which depicts sexually explicit nudity, sexual conduct, or sadomasochistic abuse and which is harmful to minors." Under OCGA § 16-12-102 (1), the definition component, "`harmful to minors' means that quality of description or representation, in *573 whatever form, of nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, or sadomasochistic abuse, when it: (A) Taken as a whole, predom...
...mporary community standards," whereas the third prong is decided with reference to whether an "ordinary member of any given community" would find serious value in the allegedly obscene material. Pope v. Illinois, supra. The first and third prongs of § 16-12-102 (1) require the work to be viewed "as a whole," and the second prong requires the adult community to be viewed "as a whole" in determining standards in the adult community with respect to what is suitable for minors....
...As previously stated, in order to be adjudged obscene under § 16-12-103 (a)(1), the work must depict sexually explicit nudity and be harmful to minors; in order to be adjudged harmful to minors, the work must meet the three-part test set out in subsections (A), (B), and (C) of § 16-12-102 *574 (1); in order to determine whether the work meets the tests set out in subsections (A) and (C), the work must be viewed "as a whole." Accord New York v....
...In this connection, § 1 of the 1984 Act amended OCGA § 16-6-4 (b), relating to the offense of child molestation, and § 2 of the Act amended OCGA § 16-6-5, relating to the offense of enticing a child for indecent purposes. As previously stated, § 3 of the Act amended OCGA §§ 16-12-102; 16-12- 103, and 16-12-104 relating to the sale and distribution of harmful material to minors....
...§ 16-12-104 provides, "The provisions of Code Section 16-12-103 shall not apply to any public library operated by the state or any of its political subdivisions nor to any library operated as a part of any school, college, or university." [5] OCGA § 16-12-102 (1) contains the statutory definition of "harmful to minors," and a full citation of this statutory provision is found in Division 2, infra....
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State v. Cafe Erotica, Inc., 500 S.E.2d 574 (Ga. 1998).

Cited 8 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | May 26, 1998 | 269 Ga. 486, 98 Fulton County D. Rep. 1769

...ul materials by giving public prosecutors the power to commence criminal actions against persons who exhibit harmful materials to minors. OCGA § 16-12-101. The statutory scheme goes on to define "minor" as "a person less than 18 years of age." OCGA § 16-12-102(3)....