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2018 Georgia Code 53-7-1 | Car Wreck Lawyer

TITLE 53 WILLS, TRUSTS, AND ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES

Section 7. Administration of Estates Generally, 53-7-1 through 53-7-78.

ARTICLE 1 POWERS AND DUTIES GENERALLY

53-7-1. General powers and duties of personal representative; additional powers.

  1. The duties and powers of the personal representative commence upon qualification. Such powers relate back to give acts performed by the personal representative prior to qualification that are beneficial to the estate the same effect as those acts performed after qualification. The personal representative may ratify and accept on behalf of the estate acts that are done by others that would have been proper acts for the personal representative. A personal representative is a fiduciary who, in addition to the specific duties imposed by law, is under a general duty to settle the estate as expeditiously and with as little sacrifice of value as is reasonable under all of the circumstances. The personal representative shall use the authority and powers conferred by law, by the terms of any will under which the personal representative is acting, by any order of court in proceedings to which the personal representative is a party, and by the rules generally applicable to fiduciaries to act in the best interests of all persons who are interested in the estate and with due regard for their respective rights.
  2. As part of the petition for letters testamentary or letters of administration or by separate petition, the beneficiaries of a testate estate or the heirs of an intestate estate may, by unanimous consent, authorize but not require the probate court to grant to the personal representative any of the powers contained in Code Section 53-12-261. With respect to any beneficiary or heir who is not sui juris, the consent may be given by the guardian. The personal representative of a deceased beneficiary or heir shall be authorized to consent on behalf of that beneficiary or heir. The grant of powers shall only be ordered after publication of a citation and without any objection being filed. The citation shall be sufficient if it states generally that the petition requests that powers contained in Code Section 53-12-261 be granted.

(Code 1981, §53-7-1, enacted by Ga. L. 1996, p. 504, § 10; Ga. L. 1998, p. 1586, § 29; Ga. L. 2010, p. 579, § 18/SB 131.)

The 2010 amendment, effective July 1, 2010, in subsection (b), substituted "Code Section 53-12-261" for "Code Section 53-12-232" at the end of the first sentence, substituted "shall be" for "is" in the third sentence, substituted "shall" for "may" in the fourth sentence, and substituted "Code Section 53-12-261" for "Code Section 53-12-232" near the end of the last sentence.

Law reviews.

- For article surveying wills, trusts, and administration of estates, see 34 Mercer L. Rev. 323 (1982). For survey article on wills, trusts, guardianships, and fiduciary administration for the period from June 1, 2002 to May 31, 2003, see 55 Mercer L. Rev. 459 (2003).

COMMENT

Subsection (a) had no counterpart in former OCGA Title 53. This subsection gives broad direction to the personal representative to pursue those acts necessary for an expeditious administration of the estate. Subsection (b) carries forward the provisions of former OCGA Sec. 53-6-26(b), allowing the beneficiaries of a testate estate or the heirs of an intestate estate to authorize the probate court to grant the fiduciary powers that are delineated for trustees in OCGA Sec. 53-12-232. This subsection modifies former law by allowing a guardian ad litem to consent on behalf of a beneficiary or heir who is not sui juris. (Former OCGA Sec. 53-6-26(b) did not include a guardian ad litem in the list of those who would consent on behalf of an individual who is not sui juris.) (For general provisions relating to guardians, see OCGA Sec. 53-11-2.) The subsection also allows the personal representative of a deceased beneficiary or heir to consent for that individual. See Code Sec. 53-1-2 for definitions of "beneficiary," "heir," and "personal representative".

JUDICIAL DECISIONS

Distribution improper.

- Trial court erred in holding that a distribution proposed by an executor did not violate the terms of the decedent's will, as in manipulating the distribution so that the executor did not gain control of the family company, the executor was elevating the executor's own interests over that of the beneficiary in violation of the executor's duty under O.C.G.A. § 53- 7-1(a). Harp v. Pryor, 276 Ga. 478, 578 S.E.2d 424 (2003).

Removal of executor upheld.

- Probate court order removing an executor from an estate and ordering the executor to forfeit $79,000 in commissions and fees received and costs incurred as executor and attorney for the estate was upheld on appeal because: (1) the record showed that the attorney filed a purported estate accounting six inches thick, which was prepared by the staff and which the attorney showed little familiarity with; (2) the attorney delayed a distribution to a beneficiary by trying to force the beneficiary to create a trust, which was not required by the decedent's will; (3) the attorney filed an erroneous tax return that had to be amended as well as took a deduction the attorney knew was improper; and (4) the attorney incurred unnecessary expenses and fees by showing the decedent's house when the sale of the house was not required by the will. In re Estate of Arnsdorff, 273 Ga. App. 612, 615 S.E.2d 758 (2005).

Failure to carry out duties.

- Trial court did not abuse the court's discretion under O.C.G.A. § 53-7-55(1) in removing the executor as executor of the decedent's estate, as the executor did not carry out the duties under O.C.G.A. § 53-7-1(a); the executor did not take control of assets of the estate, the executor commingled estate funds with the executor's own funds, and the executor sold the decedent's house without obtaining an appraisal or attempting to realize the best price on the open market. In re Estate of Zeigler, 273 Ga. App. 269, 614 S.E.2d 799 (2005).

Executor's breach of fiduciary duty.

- In circumstances in which an estate executor used a power of attorney before the executor's mother's death to add the executor's name to bank accounts and a certificate of deposit, eventually taking all of the money from those accounts for the executor's own without reporting that money as part of the estate, a probate court was authorized to order the executor to turn over that money to the estate; after the executor was appointed to handle the estate, the executor knew that the executor possessed money that should have been in the estate, knowledge the executor gained by being the person who removed it from the estate, and the executor's retention of those funds promoted the executor's own interest to injury of beneficiaries of the estate, and thus was a breach of the executor's fiduciary duty. Greenway v. Hamilton, 280 Ga. 652, 631 S.E.2d 689 (2006).

Probate court order removing an executor for cause was affirmed because the executor violated the executor's fiduciary duty in numerous ways by failing to dissolve the estate business, using estate property and funds for the executor's own benefit and to pay personal bills, overpaying executor's fees, and having a conflict of interest by continuing to operate the business despite the estate losing money but personally benefiting by using the business property rent free. Myers v. Myers, 297 Ga. 490, 775 S.E.2d 145 (2015).

Fulfillment of fiduciary duties.

- Finding that an executor fulfilled the executor's fiduciary duties pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 53-7-1(a) was not clearly erroneous because the executor was timely in the executor's distributions and properly distributed assets. In re Estate of Long, 307 Ga. App. 896, 706 S.E.2d 704 (2011).

Administrator's deed proper.

- In a purchaser's quiet title action against the executor of a testator's estate, the trial court did not err in adopting the report of a special master and in decreeing that fee simple title to the land was vested in the purchaser because it was the clear intent of the testator to give to the testator's nephew a limited fee to the property based on the contingency that the nephew live on the property, and if the nephew did not, the property was to revert to the estate; the executor was obligated to give effect to the clear intent of the testator to convey only a limited fee to the nephew, and upon a nonoccurrence of the contingency stated in the will, the property automatically reverted to the estate, and the administrator's deed from the executor to the nephew referenced the testator's will and perfected the limited estate. Mann v. Blalock, 286 Ga. 541, 690 S.E.2d 375 (2010).

Appellate court applies an abuse of discretion standard in reviewing a probate court's order removing an executor; the relevant question in reviewing a removal order regarding an executor is whether the trial court had grounds to conclude that there was good cause for the removal. In re Estate of Arnsdorff, 273 Ga. App. 612, 615 S.E.2d 758 (2005).

Trustee's/executor's powers did not entitle trustee to ignore purpose of trust or commit waste.

- Trial court erred in concluding that a widow's considerable powers of control over two testamentary trusts as trustee and executor entitled her to summary judgment on two of the children's/beneficiaries' claims against the trust created for the purpose of supporting them during their lifetimes; she was required to diligently and in good faith ascertain whether they required support, and her powers over the assets did not entitle her to commit waste. Peterson v. Peterson, 303 Ga. 211, 811 S.E.2d 309 (2018).

Cases Citing O.C.G.A. § 53-7-1

Total Results: 9  |  Sort by: Relevance  |  Newest First

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Greenway v. Hamilton, 631 S.E.2d 689 (Ga. 2006).

Cited 18 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jun 26, 2006 | 280 Ga. 652, 2006 Fulton County D. Rep. 1950

...The personal representative shall use the authority and powers conferred by ... the rules generally applicable to fiduciaries to act in the best interests of all persons who are interested in the estate and with due regard for their respective rights. OCGA § 53-7-1(a)....
...ng the sale to his wife of property of the estate for less than its market value because all the law required of him was that he settle the estate expeditiously and with as little sacrifice of value as is reasonable under all the circumstances. OCGA § 53-7-1(a)....
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Peterson v. Peterson, 303 Ga. 211 (Ga. 2018).

Cited 11 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Mar 5, 2018

...solemn trust to manage the estate under his control to the best advantage of those interested in it. . . . Nothing can be tolerated which comes into conflict or competition with the interests and welfare of those interested in the estate.” (citation and punctuation omitted)); OCGA § 53-7-1 (a) (saying that an executor “is under a general duty to settle the estate as expeditiously and with as little sacrifice of value as is reasonable under all of the circumstances”); Hasty, 293 Ga....
...to the best advantage of those interested in it,” see Myers, 297 Ga. at 494 (citation and punctuation omitted), and “with as little sacrifice 12 of value as is reasonable under all of the circumstances,” OCGA § 53-7-1 (a). In addition, as trustees, Mary and Calhoun had the duty to “exercise the degree of care and skill as a person of ordinary prudence would exercise in administering the trust.” Citizens & Southern Nat....
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Peterson v. Peterson, 811 S.E.2d 309 (Ga. 2018).

Cited 11 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Mar 5, 2018

...under his control to the best advantage of those interested in it.... Nothing can be tolerated which comes into conflict or competition with the interests and welfare of those interested in the estate." (citation and quotation marks omitted) ); OCGA § 53-7-1 (a) (saying that an executor "is under a general duty to settle the estate as expeditiously and with as little sacrifice of value as is reasonable under all of the circumstances"); Hasty , 293 Ga....
...manage the estate ... to the best advantage of those interested in it," see Myers , 297 Ga. at 494, 775 S.E.2d 145 (citation and quotation marks omitted), and "with as little sacrifice of value as is reasonable under all of the circumstances," OCGA § 53-7-1 (a)....
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Harp v. Pryor, 276 Ga. 478 (Ga. 2003).

Cited 7 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Mar 24, 2003 | 578 S.E.2d 424, 2003 Fulton County D. Rep. 972

...The applicable statute does not declare the executor to be a fiduciary, but the executor is bound by the “rules generally applicable to fiduciaries to act in the best interests of all persons who are interested in the estate and with due regard for their respective rights.” OCGA § 53-7-1 (a). And Douglas *479Harp contends that in manipulating the distribution so that he does not gain control of the family company, Pryor is elevating his own interests over that of Harp, in violation of the duty imposed by OCGA § 53-7-1 (a)....
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Myers v. Myers, 297 Ga. 490 (Ga. 2015).

Cited 4 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jul 6, 2015 | 775 S.E.2d 145

...agreement and instead expending estate funds on an asset of the estate that should be dissolved and liquidated, Appellant caused “unnecessary delay and expense to the [e]state.” In re Estate of Arnsdorff, 273 Ga. App. 612, 615 (615 SE2d 758) (2005). See also OCGA § 53-7-1 (a) (explaining that an executor “is under a general duty to settle the estate as expeditiously and with as little sacrifice of value as is reasonable under all of the circumstances”). Moreover, although Appellant argues that d...
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Stewart v. Walters, 602 S.E.2d 642 (Ga. 2004).

Cited 3 times | Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Sep 13, 2004 | 278 Ga. 374, 2004 Fulton County D. Rep. 2951

...uch a transfer would be in breach of his duty. An executor is bound by the "rules generally applicable to fiduciaries to act in the best interests of all persons who are interested in the estate and with due regard for their respective rights." OCGA § 53-7-1(a). Clearly, an executor who is in position to return to the estate that which was intended as an advancement and does not do so is in violation of the duty imposed by OCGA § 53-7-1(a)....

The Med. Ctr. of Cent. Georgia, Inc. v. Turner (Ga. 2025).

Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jun 24, 2025 | 278 Ga. 374, 2004 Fulton County D. Rep. 2951

...ul death” – a figure meant to quantify, as best the law can, “the full value of the life of 1 Turner’s medical malpractice claims were brought in her capacity as administrator of her father’s estate. See OCGA §§ 51-1-27 and 53-7-1....

Myers v. Myers (Ga. 2015).

Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Jul 6, 2015 | 278 Ga. 374, 2004 Fulton County D. Rep. 2951

...agreement and instead expending estate funds on an asset of the estate that should be dissolved and liquidated, Appellant caused “unnecessary delay and expense to the [e]state.” In re Estate of Arnsdorff, 273 Ga. App. 612, 615 (615 SE2d 758) (2005). See also OCGA § 53-7-1 (a) (explaining that an executor “is under a general duty to settle the estate as expeditiously and with as little sacrifice of value as is reasonable under all of the circumstances”). Moreover, although Appellant argues that d...
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Mann v. Blalock, 690 S.E.2d 375 (Ga. 2010).

Published | Supreme Court of Georgia | Feb 8, 2010 | 286 Ga. 541, 2010 Fulton County D. Rep. 328

...reau v. Mingledorff, 207 Ga. 538, 545(3), 63 S.E.2d 326 (1951). Appellant, as executor of the estate, is a fiduciary who is obligated to "use the authority and powers conferred by law, [and] by the terms of any will under which [he] is acting." OCGA § 53-7-1(a)....