Indiana Code

Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1 (2026)

Standard of proof; insanity defense

✓ current as of May 2026
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     Sec. 1. (a) A person may be convicted of an offense only if his guilt is proved beyond a reasonable doubt.

     (b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), the burden of proof is on the defendant to establish the defense of insanity (IC 35-41-3-6) by a preponderance of the evidence.

As added by Acts 1976, P.L.148, SEC.1. Amended by Acts 1977, P.L.340, SEC.16; Acts 1978, P.L.145, SEC.9.

 

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 83 cases (4 in the last 5 years), 1980–2026 · leading case: Thompson v. State, 804 N.E.2d 1146 (Ind. 2004).
Thompson v. State, 804 N.E.2d 1146 (Ind. 2004). · cites it 8× “Ind.Code Ann. § 35-41-4-1 (West 1998). "This Court has held that although the State is required to prove the defendant committed the act `knowingly' this is not tantamount to requiring the State to prove that the defendant was `sane.”
Galloway v. State, 938 N.E.2d 699 (Ind. 2010). · cites it 6× “See I.C. § 35-41-4-1(a); see also In re Winship, 397 U.”
Price v. State, 412 N.E.2d 783 (Ind. 1980). · cites it 10× “Indiana Code § 35-41-4-1, provides: "(a) A person may be convicted of an offense only if his guilt is proved beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Lowery v. State, 547 N.E.2d 1046 (Ind. 1989). · cites it 8× “Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1 (b). Assuming, arguendo, that waiver is inapplicable, we nevertheless find that the trial court did not err in denying the defendant's motion for directed finding (judgment on the evidence) with regard to Count III at the close of the State's case-in-chief.”
Lori Barcroft v. State of Indiana, 111 N.E.3d 997 (Ind. 2018). · cites it 4× “Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1 (a). But a defendant may avoid criminal responsibility by invoking the insanity defense.”
Jason M. Morris v. State of Indiana, 114 N.E.3d 531 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018). · cites it 2× “Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1 (a). "A person who knowingly or intentionally, in a public place .”
Matheney v. State, 688 N.E.2d 883 (Ind. 1997). · cites it 4× “Matheney claims that various preliminary and guilt phase jury instructions, ( see T.”
Fernbach v. State, 954 N.E.2d 1080 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). · cites it 2× “To sustain a conviction, the State must prove each element of the charged offense — here attempted murder — beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Donald W. Myers, III. v. State of Indiana, 27 N.E.3d 1069 (Ind. 2015). · cites it 2× “See Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1 (a) (2014). Criminal responsibility can be avoided if the defendant can successfully raise and establish the “insanity defense.”
Schmid v. State, 804 N.E.2d 174 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). · cites it 2× “IC. § 35-41-4-1(b). The determination of sanity is a question for the trier of fact.”
Heald v. State, 492 N.E.2d 671 (Ind. 1986). · cites it 2× “See Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1 (b). The trial judge has the duty to manage the trial and has the discretion to make determinations and rulings involving the examination of witnesses.”
Ramos v. State, 433 N.E.2d 757 (Ind. 1982). · cites it 2× “Ind.Code § 35-41-4-1 (Burns 1979 Repl.). We have consistently upheld this statute against constitutional arguments.”
— Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1(3) — 1 case
McBride v. State, 785 N.E.2d 312 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003).
— Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1(a) — 9 cases
Fernbach v. State, 954 N.E.2d 1080 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). “To sustain a conviction, the State must prove each element of the charged offense — here attempted murder — beyond a reasonable doubt.”
Galloway v. State, 938 N.E.2d 699 (Ind. 2010). “See I.C. § 35-41-4-1(a); see also In re Winship, 397 U.”
Rodney G. Patterson v. State of Indiana, 110 N.E.3d 429 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018).
Phillip B. Kress v. State of Indiana (Ind. Ct. App. 2019).
— Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1(b) — 24 cases
Thompson v. State, 804 N.E.2d 1146 (Ind. 2004). “Ind.Code Ann. § 35-41-4-1 (West 1998). "This Court has held that although the State is required to prove the defendant committed the act `knowingly' this is not tantamount to requiring the State to prove that the defendant was `sane.”
Galloway v. State, 938 N.E.2d 699 (Ind. 2010). “See I.C. § 35-41-4-1(a); see also In re Winship, 397 U.”
Matheney v. State, 688 N.E.2d 883 (Ind. 1997). “Matheney claims that various preliminary and guilt phase jury instructions, ( see T.”
Lori Barcroft v. State of Indiana, 111 N.E.3d 997 (Ind. 2018). “Ind. Code § 35-41-4-1 (a). But a defendant may avoid criminal responsibility by invoking the insanity defense.”
Schmid v. State, 804 N.E.2d 174 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004). “IC. § 35-41-4-1(b). The determination of sanity is a question for the trier of fact.”
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