Iowa Code

Iowa Code § 232.89 (2026)

Right to and appointment of counsel

✓ current as of July 2026
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1. Upon the filing of a petition the parent, guardian, putative father, or custodian identified in the petition shall have the right to counsel in connection with all subsequent hearings and proceedings. If that person desires but is financially unable to employ counsel, the court shall appoint counsel. A putative father is not a necessary party to a proceeding until the putative father’s paternity is established. 2. Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall appoint counsel and a guardian ad litem for the child identified in the petition as a party to the proceedings. If a guardian ad litem has previously been appointed for the child in a proceeding under subchapter II or a proceeding in which the court has waived jurisdiction under section 232.45, the court shall appoint the same guardian ad litem upon the filing of the petition under this part. Counsel shall be appointed as follows: a. If the child is represented by counsel and the court determines there is a conflict of interest between the child and the child’s parent, guardian, putative father, or custodian and

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Tue Dec 09 22:21:33 2025 Iowa Code 2026, Chapter 232 (92, 1) §232.89, JUVENILE JUSTICE 68\n\nthat the retained counsel could not properly represent the child as a result of the conflict, the court shall appoint other counsel to represent the child, who shall be compensated pursuant to the provisions of subsection 3. b. If the child is not represented by counsel, the court shall either order the parent, guardian, or custodian to retain counsel for the child or shall appoint counsel for the child, who shall be compensated pursuant to the provisions of subsection 3. 3. The court shall determine, after giving the parent, guardian, or custodian an opportunity to be heard, whether the person has the ability to pay in whole or in part for counsel appointed for the child. If the court determines that the person possesses sufficient financial ability, the court shall then consult with the department, the juvenile probation office, or other authorized agency or individual regarding the likelihood of impairment of the relationship between the child and the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian as a result of ordering the parent, guardian, or custodian to pay for the child’s counsel. If impairment is deemed unlikely, the court shall order that person to pay an amount the court finds appropriate in the manner and to whom the court directs. If the person fails to comply with the order without good reason, the court shall enter judgment against the person. If impairment is deemed likely or if the court determines that the parent, guardian, or custodian cannot pay any part of the expenses of counsel appointed to represent the child, counsel shall be reimbursed pursuant to section 232.141, subsection 2, paragraph “b”. 4. The same person may serve both as the child’s counsel and as guardian ad litem. However, the court may appoint a separate guardian ad litem, if the same person cannot properly represent the legal interests of the child as legal counsel and also represent the best interests of the child as guardian ad litem in accordance with section 232.2, subsection 27, paragraph “e”, or a separate guardian ad litem is required to fulfill the requirements of subsection 2. If a child’s guardian ad litem is also acting as an attorney for the child, each report submitted to a court by the guardian ad litem shall contain a statement indicating whether a separate guardian ad litem is required based on the guardian ad litem’s interviews and investigations conducted until the time a report is submitted to the court. [C24, 27, 31, 35, 39, §3631; C46, 50, 54, 58, 62, §232.15; C66, 71, 73, 75, 77, §232.28; C79, 81, §232.89] 83 Acts, ch 96, §157, 159; 86 Acts, ch 1186, §7; 87 Acts, ch 121, §4; 89 Acts, ch 283, §24; 90 Acts, ch 1271, §1506, 1507; 96 Acts, ch 1193, §5; 97 Acts, ch 23, §22; 97 Acts, ch 99, §3, 11; 2002 Acts, ch 1162, §17; 2020 Acts, ch 1062, §33; 2022 Acts, ch 1098, §34 – 36, 78; 2023 Acts, ch 19, §616 Referred to in §232.108 Section not amended; internal reference change applied

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Notes of Decisions
Cited in 50 cases (12 in the last 5 years), 1982–2026 · leading case: In the Interest of M.D., K.T., G.A., E.A. & S.A., Minor Child., 921 N.W.2d 229 (Iowa 2018).
In the Interest of M.D., K.T., G.A., E.A. & S.A., Minor Child., 921 N.W.2d 229 (Iowa 2018). · cites it 2× “§ 232.89 (providing the parent, guardian, or custodian identified in the CINA petition with a right to counsel for all CINA hearings and proceedings); id.”
In the Interest of A.R. & A.R., Minor Child., 932 N.W.2d 588 (Iowa Ct. App. 2019). · cites it 2× “Iowa Code § 232.89 (4) ; see In re A.T., 744 N.”
State Pub. Def. v. Iowa Dist. Court for Polk Cnty., 721 N.W.2d 570 (Iowa 2006). · cites it 6× “See Iowa Code § 232.89 (1), (2). Prior to 1999, the Code provisions authorizing payment of expenses in such cases included “the costs of compensation of an attorney appointed by the court to serve as counsel or as guardian ad litem” without regard to whether the attorney…”
In the Interest of J.V., 464 N.W.2d 887 (Iowa Ct. App. 1991). · cites it 6× “” Iowa Code § 232.89 (4) (Supp. 1989). From an economic standpoint it is clear that having the guardian ad litem serve as legal counsel often is an efficient use of both human and monetary resources.”
In the Interest of A.T., 744 N.W.2d 657 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007). · cites it 9× “The Iowa legislature has statutorily provided for the appointment of both an attorney and guardian ad litem for a child in Taylar’s position in Iowa Code section 232.89, which provides in applicable part: 2.”
In Interest of GY, 486 N.W.2d 288 (Iowa 1992). · cites it 8× “A guardian ad litem was appointed for the children pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.89(2). That section provides in part: Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall appoint counsel and a guardian ad litem for the child identified in the petition as a party to the…”
State of Iowa v. Andrew James Lopez, 872 N.W.2d 159 (Iowa 2015). “§ 232.89(2). The GAL is an officer of the court.”
In Interest of DW, 385 N.W.2d 570 (Iowa 1986). · cites it 2× “The mother was furnished appointed counsel pursuant to a statute, Iowa Code section 232.89, as were the children. For the purposes of this case we will assume, as the State seems to concede, that in these situations due process requires counsel appointed under a statutory…”
In the Interest of A.M.H., 516 N.W.2d 867 (Iowa 1994). “§ 232.89(2). Also present at the hearing was the child’s mother, her attorney, the maternal grandparents and their attorney.”
In the Interest of J.L., 779 N.W.2d 481 (Iowa Ct. App. 2009). · cites it 4× “Iowa Code § 232.89 (4); see also In re T.”
In Re Billy W., 875 A.2d 734 (Md. 2005). “31 § 3603 to 3617 (1995); Iowa Code Ann. §§ 232.89 , 232.126 (1987); Kan.”
In Re At, 744 N.W.2d 657 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007). · cites it 9× “Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall appoint counsel and a guardian ad litem for the child identified in the petition as a party to the proceedings. . . . 4. The same person may serve both as the child's counsel and as guardian ad litem.”
— Iowa Code § 232.89(1) — 4 cases
In Re the Marriage of Kopp, 320 N.W.2d 660 (Iowa Ct. App. 1982).
— Iowa Code § 232.89(2) — 8 cases
State of Iowa v. Andrew James Lopez, 872 N.W.2d 159 (Iowa 2015). “§ 232.89(2). The GAL is an officer of the court.”
In the Interest of A.M.H., 516 N.W.2d 867 (Iowa 1994). “§ 232.89(2). Also present at the hearing was the child’s mother, her attorney, the maternal grandparents and their attorney.”
In the Interest of J.V., 464 N.W.2d 887 (Iowa Ct. App. 1991). “” Iowa Code § 232.89 (4) (Supp. 1989). From an economic standpoint it is clear that having the guardian ad litem serve as legal counsel often is an efficient use of both human and monetary resources.”
In Interest of GY, 486 N.W.2d 288 (Iowa 1992). “A guardian ad litem was appointed for the children pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.89(2). That section provides in part: Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall appoint counsel and a guardian ad litem for the child identified in the petition as a party to the…”
In the Interest of A.T., 744 N.W.2d 657 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007). “The Iowa legislature has statutorily provided for the appointment of both an attorney and guardian ad litem for a child in Taylar’s position in Iowa Code section 232.89, which provides in applicable part: 2.”
— Iowa Code § 232.89(2)(a) — 1 case
In the Interest of O.R., Minor Child (Iowa Ct. App. 2020).
— Iowa Code § 232.89(4) — 8 cases
In the Interest of J.V., 464 N.W.2d 887 (Iowa Ct. App. 1991). “” Iowa Code § 232.89 (4) (Supp. 1989). From an economic standpoint it is clear that having the guardian ad litem serve as legal counsel often is an efficient use of both human and monetary resources.”
In Interest of GY, 486 N.W.2d 288 (Iowa 1992). “A guardian ad litem was appointed for the children pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.89(2). That section provides in part: Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall appoint counsel and a guardian ad litem for the child identified in the petition as a party to the…”
In the Interest of A.T., 744 N.W.2d 657 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007). “The Iowa legislature has statutorily provided for the appointment of both an attorney and guardian ad litem for a child in Taylar’s position in Iowa Code section 232.89, which provides in applicable part: 2.”
In Re At, 744 N.W.2d 657 (Iowa Ct. App. 2007). “Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall appoint counsel and a guardian ad litem for the child identified in the petition as a party to the proceedings. . . . 4. The same person may serve both as the child's counsel and as guardian ad litem.”
In the Interest of S.O., Minor Child (Iowa Ct. App. 2021).
Annotations are extracted automatically from the opinions in the Syfert caselaw corpus and ranked by authority, recency, and treatment. Dots show Syfertize treatment of the citing case itself.