K.S.A. » Chapter 21
Kansas Statutes Annotated

K.S.A. § 21-4635 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026
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21-4635.

History: L. 1994, ch. 341, § 6; L. 1999, ch. 164, § 15; L. 2004, ch. 102, § 4; Repealed, L. 2010, ch. 136, § 307; July 1, 2011.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 131 cases (25 in the last 5 years), 1996–2026 · leading case: State v. Soto, 322 P.3d 334 (Kan. 2014).
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State v. Soto, 322 P.3d 334 (Kan. 2014). · cites it 17× “Soto contends Kansas’ hard 50 statutory procedure as provided in K.S.A. 21-4635 is unconstitutional in light of Alleyne v.”
State v. Marsh, 102 P.3d 445 (Kan. 2004). · cites it 10× “See K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 21-4635. Where the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged for establishing the existence of an aggravating circumstance in a hard 40 proceeding, the standard of review to be applied is whether, after reviewing all the evidence, viewed in the light most…”
State v. McCaslin, 245 P.3d 1030 (Kan. 2011). · cites it 6× “Hard 50 sentencing is authorized by K.S.A. 21-4635, "which requires the court to weigh evidence of any mitigating circumstances against evidence of any aggravating circumstances.”
State v. Holt, 336 P.3d 312 (Kan. 2014). · cites it 7× “Utilizing K.S.A. 21-4635, the sentencing judge imposed life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for 50 years for Holt’s premeditated first-degree murder conviction.”
State v. Warledo, 190 P.3d 937 (Kan. 2008). · cites it 6× “21-4636 exist and that the existence of such aggravating circumstances is not outweighed by any mitigating circumstances, the defendant shall receive the hard 50 sentence.”
State v. Roeder, 336 P.3d 831 (Kan. 2014). · cites it 7× “With respect to Roeder’s sentence, our determination that the sentencing scheme in K.S.A. 21-4635 violates the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution requires that we vacate Roeder’s hard 50 sentence and remand for resentencing.”
State v. Moncla, 936 P.2d 727 (Kan. 1997). · cites it 7× “He was sentenced to serve a hard 40 sentence under the provisions of K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-4635. He appeals his conviction and sentence, raising six errors relating to the admission of evidence, trial court instructions, and sentencing procedures.”
State v. Lloyd, 325 P.3d 1125 (Kan. 2014). · cites it 6× “He appeals his convictions, arguing: (1) reversible error in denying his belated motion to strike a prosecution witness’ pretrial statement and trial testimony; (2) insufficient evidence to support premeditated first-degree murder; and (3) reversible error in admitting evidence…”
State v. Kleypas, 40 P.3d 139 (Kan. 2001). · cites it 4× “" This court has addressed this issue in the context of K.S.A. 1999 Supp. 21-4635(c), the hard 40 sentence.”
State v. Hilt, 322 P.3d 367 (Kan. 2014). · cites it 4× “21-6620[b]; but we will continue to refer to it as K.S.A. 21-4635[b] in this opinion.) The district judge stated that the aggravating factors in Hilt’s case “far outweigh[ed] any mitigating circumstances.”
State v. Warren, 356 P.3d 396 (Kan. 2015). · cites it 6× “The State filed a motion for imposition of a hard 50 sentence for Warren’s first-degree murder conviction under K.S.A. 21-4635, which the district court granted.”
State v. Moore, 357 P.3d 275 (Kan. 2015). · cites it 5× “The State filed a motion for imposition of a hard 50 sentence for Moore’s first-degree premeditated murder conviction under K.S.A. 21-4635, which the district court granted.”
Show all 131 citing cases →
— K.S.A. § 21-4635(a) — 24 cases
State v. Marsh, 102 P.3d 445 (Kan. 2004). “See K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 21-4635. Where the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged for establishing the existence of an aggravating circumstance in a hard 40 proceeding, the standard of review to be applied is whether, after reviewing all the evidence, viewed in the light most…”
State v. McKinney, 961 P.2d 1 (Kan. 1998).
State v. Wakefield, 977 P.2d 941 (Kan. 1999).
State v. Sanders, 33 P.3d 596 (Kan. 2001).
State v. Hill, 492 P.3d 1190 (Kan. 2021).
— K.S.A. § 21-4635(b) — 34 cases
State v. Powell, 425 P.3d 309 (Kan. 2018).
State v. Soto, 322 P.3d 334 (Kan. 2014). “Soto contends Kansas’ hard 50 statutory procedure as provided in K.S.A. 21-4635 is unconstitutional in light of Alleyne v.”
State v. Warledo, 190 P.3d 937 (Kan. 2008). “21-4636 exist and that the existence of such aggravating circumstances is not outweighed by any mitigating circumstances, the defendant shall receive the hard 50 sentence.”
State v. Lloyd, 325 P.3d 1125 (Kan. 2014). “He appeals his convictions, arguing: (1) reversible error in denying his belated motion to strike a prosecution witness’ pretrial statement and trial testimony; (2) insufficient evidence to support premeditated first-degree murder; and (3) reversible error in admitting evidence…”
State v. Moncla, 936 P.2d 727 (Kan. 1997). “He was sentenced to serve a hard 40 sentence under the provisions of K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 21-4635. He appeals his conviction and sentence, raising six errors relating to the admission of evidence, trial court instructions, and sentencing procedures.”
— K.S.A. § 21-4635(b)(d) — 1 case
State v. Spencer, 248 P.3d 256 (Kan. 2011).
— K.S.A. § 21-4635(c) — 37 cases
State v. Kleypas, 40 P.3d 139 (Kan. 2001). “" This court has addressed this issue in the context of K.S.A. 1999 Supp. 21-4635(c), the hard 40 sentence.”
State v. Soto, 322 P.3d 334 (Kan. 2014). “Soto contends Kansas’ hard 50 statutory procedure as provided in K.S.A. 21-4635 is unconstitutional in light of Alleyne v.”
State v. Gould, 23 P.3d 801 (Kan. 2001).
State v. Spain, 953 P.2d 1004 (Kan. 1998).
State v. Warledo, 190 P.3d 937 (Kan. 2008). “21-4636 exist and that the existence of such aggravating circumstances is not outweighed by any mitigating circumstances, the defendant shall receive the hard 50 sentence.”
— K.S.A. § 21-4635(d) — 24 cases
State v. Soto, 322 P.3d 334 (Kan. 2014). “Soto contends Kansas’ hard 50 statutory procedure as provided in K.S.A. 21-4635 is unconstitutional in light of Alleyne v.”
State v. Warledo, 190 P.3d 937 (Kan. 2008). “21-4636 exist and that the existence of such aggravating circumstances is not outweighed by any mitigating circumstances, the defendant shall receive the hard 50 sentence.”
State v. Jones, 151 P.3d 22 (Kan. 2007).
State v. Hilt, 322 P.3d 367 (Kan. 2014). “21-6620[b]; but we will continue to refer to it as K.S.A. 21-4635[b] in this opinion.) The district judge stated that the aggravating factors in Hilt’s case “far outweigh[ed] any mitigating circumstances.”
State v. Baker, 135 P.3d 1098 (Kan. 2006).
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