Kansas Statutes Annotated

K.S.A. § 60-210 (2026)

Form of pleadings

✓ current as of May 2026

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60-210. Form of pleadings. (a) Caption; names of parties. Every pleading must have a caption with the court's name, a title, a file number and a designation as in subsection (a) of K.S.A. 60-207, and amendments thereto. The title of the petition must name all the parties; the title of other pleadings, after naming the first party on each side, may refer generally to other parties.

(b) Paragraphs; separate statements. A party must state its claims or defenses in numbered paragraphs, each limited as far as practicable to a single set of circumstances. A later pleading may refer by number to a paragraph in an earlier pleading. If doing so would promote clarity, each claim founded on a separate transaction or occurrence, and each defense other than a denial, must be stated in a separate count or defense.

(c) Adoption by reference; exhibits. A statement in a pleading may be adopted by reference elsewhere in the same pleading or in any other pleading or motion. A copy of a written instrument that is an exhibit to a pleading is a part of the pleading for all purposes.

(d) Change of name. If the name of a party changes after an action has been commenced, either before or after judgment, by reason of marriage, divorce, adoption, a change of name proceeding, amendment of articles of incorporation, the assumption of an alias or otherwise, or if an action is mistakenly commenced against a party by a former name no longer used by the party, any party in interest may cause that fact to be noted of record by filing a certified copy of a marriage record, decree of divorce, amended articles of incorporation, order of adoption or change of name, or an affidavit or a declaration pursuant to K.S.A. 53-601, and amendments thereto, by an informed person. The name as changed must be used in the alternative in all subsequent proceedings in the action.

History: L. 1963, ch. 303, 60-210; amended by Supreme Court Rule No. 125; effective January 1, 1969; L. 2010, ch. 135, § 77; July 1.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 23 cases (3 in the last 5 years), 1967–2024 · leading case: Unwitting Victim v. C.S., 47 P.3d 392 (Kan. 2002).

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Unwitting Victim v. C.S., 47 P.3d 392 (Kan. 2002). · cites it 26× “contended that appellant's petition was inappropriately captioned contrary to K.S.A. 60-210. According to C.S., appellant filed the petition keeping his identity private "while attacking the Defendant's character, morality, etc.”

Pittsburg State Univ. v. Kansas Bd. of Regents, 36 P.3d 853 (Kan. Ct. App. 2001). · cites it 5× “The trial court granted the motion to dismiss after finding that K.S.A. 60-210(a) requires that parties be named in the caption and *39 that the failure to name PERB in the caption was fatal to jurisdiction.”

Pieren-Abbott v. Kansas Dep't of Revenue, 106 P.3d 492 (Kan. 2005). · cites it 2× “Pittsburg State University held that K.S.A. 60-210(a) and K.S.A. 60-215(c) supplement the KJRA, the relation back provisions of 60-215(c) were satisfied and amendments relate back to the date of filing, and the failure to comply with the pleading requirements set forth in K.”

Martindale v. Tenny, 829 P.2d 561 (Kan. 1992). · cites it 2× “K.S.A. 60-210(a). On August 17, 1988, two summonses naming Robert T.”

Vorhees v. Baltazar, 153 P.3d 1227 (Kan. 2007). · cites it 2× “K.S.A. 60-210(a) (petition shall include the names of all of the parties).”

In re the Est. of Wolf, 112 P.3d 94 (Kan. 2005). · cites it 3× “) K.S.A. 60-210(c) provides: “Statements in a pleading may be adopted by reference in a different part of the same pleading or in another pleading or in any motion.”

Producers Equip. Sales, Inc. v. Thomason, 808 P.2d 881 (Kan. Ct. App. 1991). · cites it 2× “K.S.A. 60-210(b) provides in part: “Each claim founded upon a separate transaction or occurrence .”

Brinson v. Sch. Dist. 431, 576 P.2d 602 (Kan. 1978). “None of the cases cited covers an appeal under authority of K.S.A. 1974 Supp. 60-210!(a). We will discuss these cases later but first it is well to review some of the basic decisions of this court on the scope of review in the courts, and it should be kept in mind that this…”

In re the Est. of Wolf, 96 P.3d 1110 (Kan. Ct. App. 2004). · cites it 2× “M&W contends that K.S.A. 60-210(c) allows written agreements to be attached to a petition and to be considered part of the petition “for all purposes.”

Hoover Equip. Co. v. Smith, 422 P.2d 914 (Kan. 1967). · cites it 2× “Plaintiff further relies upon K.S.A. 60-210 (c) which provides that an exhibit attached to a pleading is a part thereof for all purposes.”

Derstein v. Benson, 714 F. Supp. 481 (D. Kan. 1989). “While the decision of the appeal board was appealable to the state district court pursuant to K.S.A. 60-210(d), plaintiff did not appeal the decision but instead chose to pursue a remedy in this court pursuant to 42 U.”

Adamson v. Harris, 726 S.W.2d 475 (Mo. Ct. App. 1987). “The fact that the Kansas court entered a default against Harris does not mean that the Kansas court considered Harris’ letter a nullity; since the letter was filed after the time for an answer, Harris might still be considered in default.”

Show all 23 citing cases →

— K.S.A. § 60-210(a) — 7 cases

Unwitting Victim v. C.S., 47 P.3d 392 (Kan. 2002). “contended that appellant's petition was inappropriately captioned contrary to K.S.A. 60-210. According to C.S., appellant filed the petition keeping his identity private "while attacking the Defendant's character, morality, etc.”

Pittsburg State Univ. v. Kansas Bd. of Regents, 36 P.3d 853 (Kan. Ct. App. 2001). “The trial court granted the motion to dismiss after finding that K.S.A. 60-210(a) requires that parties be named in the caption and *39 that the failure to name PERB in the caption was fatal to jurisdiction.”

Pieren-Abbott v. Kansas Dep't of Revenue, 106 P.3d 492 (Kan. 2005). “Pittsburg State University held that K.S.A. 60-210(a) and K.S.A. 60-215(c) supplement the KJRA, the relation back provisions of 60-215(c) were satisfied and amendments relate back to the date of filing, and the failure to comply with the pleading requirements set forth in K.”

Martindale v. Tenny, 829 P.2d 561 (Kan. 1992). “K.S.A. 60-210(a). On August 17, 1988, two summonses naming Robert T.”

Vorhees v. Baltazar, 153 P.3d 1227 (Kan. 2007). “K.S.A. 60-210(a) (petition shall include the names of all of the parties).”

— K.S.A. § 60-210(b) — 1 case

Producers Equip. Sales, Inc. v. Thomason, 808 P.2d 881 (Kan. Ct. App. 1991). “K.S.A. 60-210(b) provides in part: “Each claim founded upon a separate transaction or occurrence .”

— K.S.A. § 60-210(c) — 10 cases

In re the Est. of Wolf, 112 P.3d 94 (Kan. 2005). “) K.S.A. 60-210(c) provides: “Statements in a pleading may be adopted by reference in a different part of the same pleading or in another pleading or in any motion.”

In re the Est. of Wolf, 96 P.3d 1110 (Kan. Ct. App. 2004). “M&W contends that K.S.A. 60-210(c) allows written agreements to be attached to a petition and to be considered part of the petition “for all purposes.”

State v. Maley & Witt, 662 P.2d 269 (Kan. Ct. App. 1983).

Sperry v. McKune (Kan. 2016).

Denney v. Norwood (Kan. Ct. App. 2020).

— K.S.A. § 60-210(d) — 2 cases

Jack v. City of Olathe, 781 P.2d 1069 (Kan. 1989).

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