Me. Rev. Stat. » Title 30-A
Maine Revised Statutes

Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691 (2026)

Board of appeals

✓ current as of May 2026
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This section governs all boards of appeals established after September 23, 1971.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
1.  Establishment.  A municipality may establish a board of appeals under its home rule authority. Unless provided otherwise by charter or ordinance, the municipal officers shall appoint the members of the board and determine their compensation.  
[PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
2.  Organization.  A board of appeals shall be organized as follows.  
A. The board shall consist of 5 or 7 members, serving staggered terms of at least 3 and not more than 5 years, except that municipalities with a population of less than 1,000 residents may form a board consisting of at least 3 members. The board shall elect annually a chairman and secretary from its membership.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
B. Neither a municipal officer nor a spouse of a municipal officer may be a member or associate member of the board.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
C. Any question of whether a particular issue involves a conflict of interest sufficient to disqualify a member from voting on that issue shall be decided by a majority vote of the members, excluding the member who is being challenged.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
D. The municipal officers may dismiss a member of the board for cause before the member's term expires.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
E. Municipalities may provide under their home rule authority for a board of appeals with associate members not to exceed 3. If there are 2 or 3 associate members, the chairman shall designate which will serve in the place of an absent member.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
[PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
3.  Procedure.  The following provisions govern the procedure of the board.  
A. The chairman shall call meetings of the board as required. The chairman shall also call meetings of the board when requested to do so by a majority of the members or by the municipal officers. A quorum of the board necessary to conduct an official board meeting must consist of at least a majority of the board's members. The chairman shall preside at all meetings of the board and be the official spokesman of the board.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
B. The secretary shall maintain a permanent record of all board meetings and all correspondence of the board. The secretary is responsible for maintaining those records which are required as part of the various proceedings which may be brought before the board. All records to be maintained or prepared by the secretary are public records. They shall be filed in the municipal clerk's office and may be inspected at reasonable times.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
C. The board may provide, by regulation that must be recorded by the secretary, for any matter relating to the conduct of any hearing, except that the chair may waive any regulation upon good cause shown. Unless otherwise established by charter or ordinance, the board shall conduct a de novo review of any matter before the board subject to the requirements of paragraph D. If a charter or ordinance establishes an appellate review process for the board, the board shall limit its review on appeal to the record established by the board or official whose decision is the subject of the appeal and to the arguments of the parties. The board may not accept new evidence as part of an appellate review.   [PL 2017, c. 241, §1 (AMD).]
D. The board may receive any oral or documentary evidence but shall provide as a matter of policy for the exclusion of irrelevant, immaterial or unduly repetitious evidence. Every party has the right to present the party's case or defense by oral or documentary evidence, to submit rebuttal evidence and to conduct any cross-examination that is required for a full and true disclosure of the facts.   [PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. A, §2 (NEW); PL 1987, c. 737, Pt. C, §106 (NEW); PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD); PL 1989, c. 104, Pt. C, §§8, 10 (AMD).]
E. The transcript or tape recording of testimony, if such a transcript or tape recording has been prepared by the board, and the exhibits, together with all papers and requests filed in the proceeding, constitute the public record. All decisions become a part of the record and must include a statement of findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis for the findings and conclusions, upon all the material issues of fact, law or discretion presented and the appropriate order, relief or denial of relief. Notice of any decision must be mailed or hand delivered to the petitioner, the petitioner's representative or agent, the planning board, agency or office and the municipal officers within 7 days of the board's decision.   [PL 1991, c. 234 (AMD).]
F. The board may reconsider any decision reached under this section within 45 days of its prior decision. A request to the board to reconsider a decision must be filed within 10 days of the decision that is to be reconsidered. A vote to reconsider and the action taken on that reconsideration must occur and be completed within 45 days of the date of the vote on the original decision. The board may conduct additional hearings and receive additional evidence and testimony as provided in this subsection.  
Notwithstanding paragraph G, appeal of a reconsidered decision must be made within 15 days after the decision on reconsideration or within the applicable time period under section 4482-A if the final municipal review of the project is by a municipal administrative review board other than a board of appeals.   [PL 2017, c. 241, §2 (AMD).]
G. Any party may take an appeal, within 45 days of the date of the vote on the original decision, to Superior Court from any order, relief or denial in accordance with the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 80B. This time period may be extended by the court upon motion for good cause shown. The hearing before the Superior Court must be without a jury.   [PL 1991, c. 234 (AMD).]
H. For purposes of this section, a decision of the board is a final decision when the project for which the approval of the board is requested has received all required municipal administrative approvals by the board, the planning board or municipal reviewing authority, a site plan or design review board, a historic preservation review board and any other review board created by municipal charter or ordinance. If the final municipal administrative review of the project is by a municipal administrative review board other than a board of appeals, the time for appeal is governed by section 4482‑A. Any denial of the request for approval by the board of appeals is considered a final decision even if other municipal administrative approvals are required for the project and remain pending. A denial of the request for approval by the board of appeals must be appealed within 45 days of the date of the board's vote to deny or within 15 days of final action by the board on a reconsideration that results in a denial of the request.   [PL 2017, c. 241, §3 (NEW).]
[PL 2017, c. 241, §§1-3 (AMD).]
4.  Jurisdiction.  Any municipality establishing a board of appeals may give the board the power to hear any appeal by any person, affected directly or indirectly, from any decision, order, regulation or failure to act of any officer, board, agency or other body when an appeal is necessary, proper or required. No board may assert jurisdiction over any matter unless the municipality has by charter or ordinance specified the precise subject matter that may be appealed to the board and the official or officials whose action or nonaction may be appealed to the board. Absent an express provision in a charter or ordinance that certain decisions of its code enforcement officer or board of appeals are only advisory or may not be appealed, a notice of violation or an enforcement order by a code enforcement officer under a land use ordinance is reviewable on appeal by the board of appeals and in turn by the Superior Court under the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 80B. Any such decision that is not timely appealed is subject to the same preclusive effect as otherwise provided by law. Any board of appeals shall hear any appeal submitted to the board in accordance with Title 28-A, section 1054.  
[PL 2013, c. 144, §1 (AMD).]
SECTION HISTORY
PL 1987, c. 737, §§A2,C106 (NEW). PL 1989, c. 6 (AMD). PL 1989, c. 9, §2 (AMD). PL 1989, c. 104, §§A24,C8,C10 (AMD). PL 1991, c. 234 (AMD). PL 2003, c. 635, §1 (AMD). PL 2013, c. 144, §1 (AMD). PL 2017, c. 241, §§1-3 (AMD).
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Notes of Decisions
Cited in 166 cases (15 in the last 5 years), 1989–2026 · leading case: Friends of Lamoine v. Town of Lamoine, 2020 ME 70 (Me. 2020).
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Friends of Lamoine v. Town of Lamoine, 2020 ME 70 (Me. 2020). · cites it 7× “Under a de novo review, the BOA can receive evidence, see 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(C)-(D), but in an appellate review, the BOA “limit[s] its review on appeal to the record established by the [planning] board” and “may not accept new evidence,” 30-A M.”
Peter Beckford v. Town of Clifton, 2014 ME 156 (Me. 2014). · cites it 11× “80B(b) and 30-A M.R.S. § 2691 (2014), the court did not have jurisdiction over the matter.”
Carroll v. Town of Rockport, 2003 ME 135 (Me. 2003). · cites it 4× “Thus, 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691(3)(E) (1996) specifies that decisions by local boards of appeal “must include a statement of findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis for the findings and conclusions, upon all the material issues of fact, law or discretion presented .”
Susan E. Bryant v. Town of Camden, 2016 ME 27 (Me. 2016). · cites it 4× “2 [¶ 12] We have interpreted the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure and 30-A M.R.S. § 2691 (2015) to authorize an appeal only from “an action that fully decides and disposes of the whole cause leaving no further questions for .”
Herrle v. Town of Waterboro, 2001 ME 1 (Me. 2001). · cites it 4× “The board of appeals is governed by 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691, which provides in part: Any municipality establishing a board of appeals may give the board the power to hear any appeal by any person, affected directly or indirectly, from any decision, order, regulation or failure to…”
Raposa v. Town of York, 204 A.3d 129 (Me. 2019). · cites it 6× “DISCUSSION [¶6] Pursuant to Maine law governing appeals from municipal boards, "[a]ny party may take an appeal, within 45 days of the date of the vote on the original decision, to Superior Court from any order, relief or denial in accordance with the Maine Rules of Civil…”
Toomey v. Town of Frye Island, 2008 ME 44 (Me. 2008). · cites it 4× “Most relevant here is section 2691(3)(F), which states, in part: The board may reconsider any decision reached under this section within 45 days of its prior decision.”
Town of Mount Vernon v. Landherr, 190 A.3d 249 (Me. 2018). · cites it 4× “2 See 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(G) (2017) ; M.R. Civ.”
Stewart v. Town of Sedgwick, 2000 ME 157 (Me. 2000). · cites it 3× “6 Because the Ordinance fails to provide explicit guidance, 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691 applies to require that the Board undertake a de novo review of the application.”
Gensheimer v. Town of Phippsburg, 2005 ME 22 (Me. 2005). · cites it 2× “[¶ 8] Pursuant to 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691(3)(D) (1996), 1 unless a local ordinance limits the authority of the Board of Appeals to appellate review, the Board of Appeals is required by statute to undertake a de novo review, take evidence, make factual findings, and apply the…”
Wister v. Town of Mount Desert, 2009 ME 66 (Me. 2009). · cites it 3× “[¶ 16] Title 30-A M.R.S. § 2691 (2008) permits municipalities to establish boards of appeal.”
Sanborn v. Town of Sebago, 924 A.2d 1061 (Me. 2007). · cites it 5× “[¶ 14] A decision of a zoning board of appeals, pursuant to 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(E) (2006), 7 must include “a statement of findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis for the findings and conclusions, upon all the material issues of fact, law or discretion…”
Show all 166 citing cases →
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(1) — 3 cases
Albert v. Town of Pownal (Me. Super. Ct 2019).
15 Langsford Owner LLC v. Town of Kennebunkport, 2024 ME 79 (Me. 2024).
Norris Fam. Assocs. v. Town of Phippsburg (Me. Super. Ct 2004).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3) — 4 cases
Salisbury v. Town of Bar Harbor, 2002 ME 13 (Me. 2002).
H.E. Sargent, Inc. v. Town of Wells, 676 A.2d 920 (Me. 1996).
Darya I. Zappia v. Town of Old Orchard Beach, 2022 ME 15 (Me. 2022).
Overlock v. Inhabs. of the Town of Thomaston (Me. Super. Ct 2003).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(0) — 3 cases
Allen v. Inh. of the Town of Westport Island (Me. Super. Ct 2008).
Harding v. City of Biddeford Plan. (Me. Super. Ct 2008).
Est. of Merrill P. Robbins v. Inhabitants of the Town of Cumberland (Me. Super. Ct 2015).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(6) — 1 case
Brooks v. Town of North Berwick, 1998 ME 146 (Me. 1998).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(B) — 1 case
Fogg v. Town of Eddington (Me. Super. Ct 2001).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(C) — 10 cases
Friends of Lamoine v. Town of Lamoine, 2020 ME 70 (Me. 2020). “Under a de novo review, the BOA can receive evidence, see 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(C)-(D), but in an appellate review, the BOA “limit[s] its review on appeal to the record established by the [planning] board” and “may not accept new evidence,” 30-A M.”
Mark Tomasino v. Town of Casco, 2020 ME 96 (Me. 2020).
Kimberly LaMarre v. Town of China, 2021 ME 45 (Me. 2021).
29 McKown LLC v. Town of Boothbay Harbor, 2022 ME 38 (Me. 2022).
Friends of Lamoine v. Town of Lamoine (Me. Super. Ct 2019).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(D) — 20 cases
Gensheimer v. Town of Phippsburg, 2005 ME 22 (Me. 2005). “[¶ 8] Pursuant to 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691(3)(D) (1996), 1 unless a local ordinance limits the authority of the Board of Appeals to appellate review, the Board of Appeals is required by statute to undertake a de novo review, take evidence, make factual findings, and apply the…”
Mills v. Town of Eliot, 955 A.2d 258 (Me. 2008).
Stewart v. Town of Sedgwick, 2000 ME 157 (Me. 2000). “6 Because the Ordinance fails to provide explicit guidance, 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691 applies to require that the Board undertake a de novo review of the application.”
Steven Wolfram v. Town of North Haven, 2017 ME 114 (Me. 2017).
Wister v. Town of Mount Desert, 2009 ME 66 (Me. 2009). “[¶ 16] Title 30-A M.R.S. § 2691 (2008) permits municipalities to establish boards of appeal.”
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(E) — 27 cases
Widewaters Stillwater Co. v. Bangor Area Citizens Organized for Responsible Dev., 2002 ME 27 (Me. 2002).
Christian Fellowship & Renewal Ctr. v. Town of Limington, 2001 ME 16 (Me. 2001).
Carroll v. Town of Rockport, 2003 ME 135 (Me. 2003). “Thus, 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691(3)(E) (1996) specifies that decisions by local boards of appeal “must include a statement of findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis for the findings and conclusions, upon all the material issues of fact, law or discretion presented .”
Ram's Head Partners, LLC v. Town of Cape Elizabeth, 834 A.2d 916 (Me. 2003).
Peter Beckford v. Town of Clifton, 2014 ME 156 (Me. 2014). “80B(b) and 30-A M.R.S. § 2691 (2014), the court did not have jurisdiction over the matter.”
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(F) — 8 cases
Toomey v. Town of Frye Island, 2008 ME 44 (Me. 2008). “Most relevant here is section 2691(3)(F), which states, in part: The board may reconsider any decision reached under this section within 45 days of its prior decision.”
Tarason v. Town of South Berwick, 2005 ME 30 (Me. 2005).
Doggett v. Town of Gouldsboro, 2002 ME 175 (Me. 2002).
Unknown, 2001 ME 9.
Carmel v. City of Old Town (Me. Super. Ct 2001).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(G) — 62 cases
Susan E. Bryant v. Town of Camden, 2016 ME 27 (Me. 2016). “2 [¶ 12] We have interpreted the Maine Rules of Civil Procedure and 30-A M.R.S. § 2691 (2015) to authorize an appeal only from “an action that fully decides and disposes of the whole cause leaving no further questions for .”
Carroll v. Town of Rockport, 2003 ME 135 (Me. 2003). “Thus, 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691(3)(E) (1996) specifies that decisions by local boards of appeal “must include a statement of findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis for the findings and conclusions, upon all the material issues of fact, law or discretion presented .”
Peter Beckford v. Town of Clifton, 2014 ME 156 (Me. 2014). “80B(b) and 30-A M.R.S. § 2691 (2014), the court did not have jurisdiction over the matter.”
Town of Mount Vernon v. Landherr, 190 A.3d 249 (Me. 2018). “2 See 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(G) (2017) ; M.R. Civ.”
Norris Fam. Assocs., LLC v. Town of Phippsburg, 879 A.2d 1007 (Me. 2005).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(G)(1996) — 2 cases
Dep't of Env't Prot. v. Town of Otis, 1998 ME 214 (Me. 1998).
Rowe v. City of South Portland, 1999 ME 81 (Me. 1999).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(H) — 2 cases
Friends of Lamoine v. Town of Lamoine, 2020 ME 70 (Me. 2020). “Under a de novo review, the BOA can receive evidence, see 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(C)-(D), but in an appellate review, the BOA “limit[s] its review on appeal to the record established by the [planning] board” and “may not accept new evidence,” 30-A M.”
Friends of Lamoine v. Town of Lamoine (Me. Super. Ct 2019).
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(3)(a) — 1 case
Carroll v. Town of Rockport, 2003 ME 135 (Me. 2003). “Thus, 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691(3)(E) (1996) specifies that decisions by local boards of appeal “must include a statement of findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis for the findings and conclusions, upon all the material issues of fact, law or discretion presented .”
— Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 30-A, § 2691(4) — 33 cases
Raposa v. Town of York, 204 A.3d 129 (Me. 2019). “DISCUSSION [¶6] Pursuant to Maine law governing appeals from municipal boards, "[a]ny party may take an appeal, within 45 days of the date of the vote on the original decision, to Superior Court from any order, relief or denial in accordance with the Maine Rules of Civil…”
Herrle v. Town of Waterboro, 2001 ME 1 (Me. 2001). “The board of appeals is governed by 30-A M.R.S.A. § 2691, which provides in part: Any municipality establishing a board of appeals may give the board the power to hear any appeal by any person, affected directly or indirectly, from any decision, order, regulation or failure to…”
Sanborn v. Town of Sebago, 924 A.2d 1061 (Me. 2007). “[¶ 14] A decision of a zoning board of appeals, pursuant to 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(E) (2006), 7 must include “a statement of findings and conclusions, as well as the reasons or basis for the findings and conclusions, upon all the material issues of fact, law or discretion…”
Leslie Fissmer v. Town of Cape Elizabeth, 2017 ME 195 (Me. 2017).
Town of Mount Vernon v. Landherr, 190 A.3d 249 (Me. 2018). “2 See 30-A M.R.S. § 2691(3)(G) (2017) ; M.R. Civ.”
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