N.C. Gen. Stat. » Chapter 25
NC General Statutes

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719 (2026)

Contractual modification or limitation of remedy

✓ current as of July 2026
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(a) Subject to the provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section and of the preceding section [G.S. 25-2-718] on liquidation and limitation of damages,

(1) the agreement may provide for remedies in addition to or in substitution for those provided in this article and may limit or alter the measure of damages recoverable under this article, as by limiting the buyer's remedies to return of the goods and repayment of the price or to repair and replacement of nonconforming goods or parts; and

(2) resort to a remedy as provided is optional unless the remedy is expressly agreed to be exclusive, in which case it is the sole remedy.

(b) Where circumstances cause an exclusive or limited remedy to fail of its essential purpose, remedy may be had as provided in this chapter.

(c) Consequential damages may be limited or excluded unless the limitation or exclusion is unconscionable. Limitation of consequential damages for injury to the person in the case of consumer goods is prima facie unconscionable but limitation of damages where the loss is commercial is not.  (1965, c. 700, s. 1; 2025-25, s. 112.)

 

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 20 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1975–2021 · leading case: Kelly v. Georgia-Pac. LLC, 671 F. Supp. 2d 785 (E.D.N.C. 2009).
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Kelly v. Georgia-Pac. LLC, 671 F. Supp. 2d 785 (E.D.N.C. 2009). · cites it 7× “Nowhere does the limited warranty specify that the affected trim has to be replaced with PrimeTrim.”
Kornegay Fam. Farms LLC v. Cross Creek Seed, Inc., 803 S.E.2d 377 (N.C. 2017). · cites it 18× “Defendant argued that these limitation of remedies clauses governed the transactions with plaintiffs pursuant to the provision of UCC Article 2 codified at N.C.G.S. § 25-2-719. 1 On 20 April 2016, the Business Court issued an order and opinion denying all of defendant's motions…”
Traxler v. PPG Indus., Inc., 158 F. Supp. 3d 607 (N.D. Ohio 2016). · cites it 4× “Law § 2-719 (3); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719 (3); 13 Pa. Cons.”
Billings v. Joseph Harris Co., Inc., 220 S.E.2d 361 (N.C. Ct. App. 1975). · cites it 9× “The clause also contains additional provisions for disclaimer of negligence liability as well as a merger clause rendering the form the “entire agreement between the parties regarding warranty or any other liability.” Disclaimers of express and implied warranties are governed by…”
Martin v. Sheffer, 403 S.E.2d 555 (N.C. Ct. App. 1991). · cites it 6× “” Official Comment to N.C.G.S. § 25-2-719. A contractual provision expanding seller’s damages upon breach of the buyer will therefore be upheld where the contractual provision is reasonable and in good faith.”
Williams v. Hyatt Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc., 269 S.E.2d 184 (N.C. Ct. App. 1980). · cites it 7× “G.S.25-2-719 permits the parties to a sales contract to modify or limit the remedy available in the event of breach of an obligation under the warranty.”
Stan D. Bowles Distrib. Co. v. Pabst Brewing Co., 317 S.E.2d 684 (N.C. Ct. App. 1984). · cites it 4× “26, § 2-719(3) (Smith-Hurd 1963); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719 (3) (1965). In order to avoid a finding of un-conscionability, the contract must provide “minimum adequate remedies.”
In re Rust-Oleum Restore Mktg., Sales Practices & Prods. Liab. Litig., 155 F. Supp. 3d 772 (N.D. Ill. 2016). “Law § 2-719 (1); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719 (1); Ohio Rev.”
Byrd Motor Lines, Inc. v. Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp., 304 S.E.2d 773 (N.C. Ct. App. 1983). · cites it 4× “See Official Comment 1 to G.S. 25-2-719. 2. Other States Claims one and two, which arose in Tennessee and West Virginia, respectively, are barred by the three-year statute of limitations applicable here.”
Stutts v. Green Ford, Inc., 267 S.E.2d 919 (N.C. Ct. App. 1980). · cites it 3× “Such a contractual limitation of remedy is permitted by G.S. 25-2-719 which provides as follows: (1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (2) and (3) of this section .”
Lindsay v. Nichino Am., Inc., 202 F. Supp. 3d 524 (M.D.N.C. 2016). · cites it 6× “§ 25-2-316 , while limitations or modifications of damages arising under warranties are governed by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719 . 5 Under the UCC, to the *531 extent reasonable, words- or conduct that create an express warranty and “words or conduct tending to negate or limit…”
Alan Brown v. Louisiana-Pac. Corp., 820 F.3d 339 (8th Cir. 2016). “'is consistent with N.C. Gen.Stat. § 25-2-719, and the limited warranty does not fail of its essential 'purpose.”
Show all 20 citing cases →
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719(1) — 1 case
Billings v. Joseph Harris Co., Inc., 220 S.E.2d 361 (N.C. Ct. App. 1975). “The clause also contains additional provisions for disclaimer of negligence liability as well as a merger clause rendering the form the “entire agreement between the parties regarding warranty or any other liability.” Disclaimers of express and implied warranties are governed by…”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719(1)(3) — 1 case
Seaside Resorts, Inc. v. Club Car, Inc., 416 S.E.2d 655 (S.C. Ct. App. 1992).
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719(1)(a) — 2 cases
Kornegay Fam. Farms LLC v. Cross Creek Seed, Inc., 803 S.E.2d 377 (N.C. 2017). “Defendant argued that these limitation of remedies clauses governed the transactions with plaintiffs pursuant to the provision of UCC Article 2 codified at N.C.G.S. § 25-2-719. 1 On 20 April 2016, the Business Court issued an order and opinion denying all of defendant's motions…”
Honda Jet Ltd., L.L.C. v. Honda Aircraft Co., LLC (M.D.N.C. 2021).
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719(1)(b) — 1 case
Kornegay Fam. Farms LLC v. Cross Creek Seed, Inc., 803 S.E.2d 377 (N.C. 2017). “Defendant argued that these limitation of remedies clauses governed the transactions with plaintiffs pursuant to the provision of UCC Article 2 codified at N.C.G.S. § 25-2-719. 1 On 20 April 2016, the Business Court issued an order and opinion denying all of defendant's motions…”
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719(2) — 3 cases
Kelly v. Georgia-Pac. LLC, 671 F. Supp. 2d 785 (E.D.N.C. 2009). “Nowhere does the limited warranty specify that the affected trim has to be replaced with PrimeTrim.”
Williams v. Hyatt Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc., 269 S.E.2d 184 (N.C. Ct. App. 1980). “G.S.25-2-719 permits the parties to a sales contract to modify or limit the remedy available in the event of breach of an obligation under the warranty.”
Honda Jet Ltd., L.L.C. v. Honda Aircraft Co., LLC (M.D.N.C. 2021).
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719(3) — 7 cases
Kornegay Fam. Farms LLC v. Cross Creek Seed, Inc., 803 S.E.2d 377 (N.C. 2017). “Defendant argued that these limitation of remedies clauses governed the transactions with plaintiffs pursuant to the provision of UCC Article 2 codified at N.C.G.S. § 25-2-719. 1 On 20 April 2016, the Business Court issued an order and opinion denying all of defendant's motions…”
Billings v. Joseph Harris Co., Inc., 220 S.E.2d 361 (N.C. Ct. App. 1975). “The clause also contains additional provisions for disclaimer of negligence liability as well as a merger clause rendering the form the “entire agreement between the parties regarding warranty or any other liability.” Disclaimers of express and implied warranties are governed by…”
Kelly v. Georgia-Pac. LLC, 671 F. Supp. 2d 785 (E.D.N.C. 2009). “Nowhere does the limited warranty specify that the affected trim has to be replaced with PrimeTrim.”
Byrd Motor Lines, Inc. v. Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp., 304 S.E.2d 773 (N.C. Ct. App. 1983). “See Official Comment 1 to G.S. 25-2-719. 2. Other States Claims one and two, which arose in Tennessee and West Virginia, respectively, are barred by the three-year statute of limitations applicable here.”
Farrar & Farrar Dairy, Inc v. Miller-St. Nazianz, Inc, 477 F. App'x 981 (4th Cir. 2012).
— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719(l)(a) — 4 cases
Martin v. Sheffer, 403 S.E.2d 555 (N.C. Ct. App. 1991). “” Official Comment to N.C.G.S. § 25-2-719. A contractual provision expanding seller’s damages upon breach of the buyer will therefore be upheld where the contractual provision is reasonable and in good faith.”
Kelly v. Georgia-Pac. LLC, 671 F. Supp. 2d 785 (E.D.N.C. 2009). “Nowhere does the limited warranty specify that the affected trim has to be replaced with PrimeTrim.”
Byrd Motor Lines, Inc. v. Dunlop Tire & Rubber Corp., 304 S.E.2d 773 (N.C. Ct. App. 1983). “See Official Comment 1 to G.S. 25-2-719. 2. Other States Claims one and two, which arose in Tennessee and West Virginia, respectively, are barred by the three-year statute of limitations applicable here.”
Lindsay v. Nichino Am., Inc., 202 F. Supp. 3d 524 (M.D.N.C. 2016). “§ 25-2-316 , while limitations or modifications of damages arising under warranties are governed by N.C. Gen. Stat. § 25-2-719 . 5 Under the UCC, to the *531 extent reasonable, words- or conduct that create an express warranty and “words or conduct tending to negate or limit…”
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