NC General Statutes

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (2026)

Schedule II controlled substances

✓ current as of July 2026

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This schedule includes the controlled substances listed or to be listed by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or trade name designated. In determining that a substance comes within this schedule, the Commission shall find: a high potential for abuse; currently accepted medical use in the United States, or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions; and the abuse of the substance may lead to severe psychic or physical dependence. The following controlled substances are included in this schedule:

(1) Any of the following substances whether produced directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin, or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis, unless specifically excepted or unless listed in another schedule:

a. Opium, opiate, or opioid and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium and opiate, excluding apomorphine, nalbuphine, dextrorphan, naloxone, naltrexone and nalmefene, and their respective salts, but including the following:

1. Raw opium.

2. Opium extracts.

3. Opium fluid extracts.

4. Powdered opium.

5. Granulated opium.

6. Tincture of opium.

7. Codeine.

8. Ethylmorphine.

9. Etorphine hydrochloride.

10. Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of hydrocodone.

11. Hydromorphone.

12. Metopon.

13. Morphine.

14. Oxycodone.

15. Oxymorphone.

16. Thebaine.

17. Dihydroetorphine.

b. Any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of the substances referred to in paragraph 1 of this subdivision, except that these substances shall not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.

c. Opium poppy and poppy straw.

d. Cocaine and any salt, isomer (whether optical or geometric), salts of isomers, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof, or coca leaves and any salt, isomer, salts of isomers, compound, derivative, or preparation of coca leaves, or any salt, isomer, salts of isomers, compound, derivative, or preparation thereof which is chemically equivalent or identical with any of these substances, except that the substances shall not include decocanized coca leaves or extraction of coca leaves, which extractions do not contain cocaine or ecgonine.

e. Concentrate of poppy straw (the crude extract of poppy straw in either liquid, solid or powder form which contains the phenanthrine alkaloids of the opium poppy).

(2) Any of the following opiates or opioids, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation unless specifically exempted or listed in other schedules:

a. Alfentanil.

b. Alphaprodine.

c. Anileridine.

d. Bezitramide.

e. Carfentanil.

f. Dihydrocodeine.

g. Diphenoxylate.

h. Fentanyl.

h1. Fentanyl immediate precursor chemical, 4-anilino-N-phenethyl-4-piperidine (ANPP).

h2. Norfentanyl (N-phenyl-N-(piperidin-4-yl) propionamide).

i. Isomethadone.

j. Levo-alphacetylmethadol. Some trade or other names: levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate, or LAAM.

k. Levomethorphan.

l. Levorphanol.

m. Metazocine.

n. Methadone.

o. Methadone - Intermediate, 4-cyano-2-dimethylamino-4, 4-diphenyl butane.

p. Moramide - Intermediate, 2-methyl-3-morpholino-1, 1-diphenyl-propane-carboxylic acid.

q. Pethidine.

r. Pethidine - Intermediate - A, 4-cyano-1-methyl-4/y-phenylpiperidine.

s. Pethidine - Intermediate - B, ethyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylate.

t. Pethidine - Intermediate - C, 1-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid.

u. Phenazocine.

v. Piminodine.

w. Racemethorphan.

x. Racemorphan.

y. Remifentanil.

z. Sufentanil.

aa. Tapentadol.

bb. Tianeptine.

(3) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a potential for abuse associated with a stimulant effect on the central nervous system unless specifically exempted or listed in another schedule:

a. Amphetamine, its salts, optical isomers, and salts of its optical isomers.

b. Phenmetrazine and its salts.

c. Methamphetamine, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.

d. Methylphenidate, including its salts, isomers, and salts of its isomers.

e. Phenylacetone. Some trade or other names: Phenyl-2-propanone; P2P; benzyl methyl ketone; methyl benzyl ketone.

f. Lisdexamfetamine, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers.

(4) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation, unless specifically exempted by the Commission or listed in another schedule:

a. Amobarbital

b. Glutethimide

c. Repealed by Session Laws 1983, c. 695, s. 2.

d. Pentobarbital

e. Phencyclidine

f. Phencyclidine immediate precursors:

1. 1-Phenylcyclohexylamine

2. 1-Piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (PCC)

g. Secobarbital.

(5) Any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic substances, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, or listed in another schedule, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation:

a. Repealed by Session Laws 2001-233, s. 2(a), effective June 21, 2001.

b. Nabilone [Another name for nabilone: (+/-)-trans-3-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)-6,6a,7,8,10,10a-hexahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-9H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-9-one]. (1971, c. 919, s. 1; 1973, c. 476, s. 128; c. 540, s. 6; c. 1358, ss. 6, 15; 1975, c. 443, s. 2; 1977, c. 667, s. 3; c. 891, s. 2; 1979, c. 434, s. 2; 1981, c. 51, s. 9; 1983, c. 695, s. 2; 1985, c. 172, ss. 4, 5; 1987, c. 105, s. 3; c. 412, ss. 5A-7; 1989 (Reg. Sess., 1990), c. 1040, s. 2; 1993, c. 319, ss. 3, 4; 1995, c. 186, s. 4; 1997-385, s. 1; 1997-456, s. 27; 1999-165, s. 2; 2001-233, ss. 1, 2(a); 2011-326, s. 14(c), (d); 2015-162, s. 2; 2017-115, s. 4; 2018-44, s. 4; 2021-155, ss. 3, 4; 2024-43, s. 6(a).)

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 60 cases (13 in the last 5 years), 1974–2026 · leading case: State v. Jones, 598 S.E.2d 125 (N.C. 2004).

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State v. Jones, 598 S.E.2d 125 (N.C. 2004). · cites it 15× “(2003); accord N.C.G.S. § 90-90(a)4. (1990) (renumbered as N.”

State v. Conway, 669 S.E.2d 40 (N.C. Ct. App. 2008). · cites it 23× “Statutory Analysis The State argues the trafficking statute must be read in pari materia with N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (3), which classifies methamphetamine as a Schedule II controlled substance and delineates what is included in that term.”

State v. Ward, 694 S.E.2d 738 (N.C. 2010). · cites it 6× “, concurring in part and dissenting in part) (citing N.C.G.S. § 90-90(1)(d) (2007) (defining cocaine) and id.”

State v. Ward, 681 S.E.2d 354 (N.C. Ct. App. 2009). · cites it 10× “” For example, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (l)a defines Schedule II controlled substances to include “[o]pium and opiate and any salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium and opiate, excluding apomorphine, nalbuphine, dextorphan, naloxone, naltrexone, and nalmefene and…”

State v. Stith, 787 S.E.2d 40 (N.C. Ct. App. 2016). · cites it 23× “N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 90-90 (1)(a)(10), 90- 95(b)(1) (2012).”

State v. Jones, 588 S.E.2d 5 (N.C. Ct. App. 2003). · cites it 6× “According to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (a) 4., cocaine is a Schedule II controlled substance.”

State v. Hunt, 582 S.E.2d 593 (N.C. 2003). · cites it 3× “All other kinds of murder, including that which shall be proximately caused by the unlawful distribution of opium or any synthetic or natural salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium, or cocaine or other substance described in N.C.G.S. § 90-90(l)d., when the ingestion…”

State v. Winkler, 780 S.E.2d 824 (N.C. 2015). · cites it 4× ““Oxycodone” is explicitly listed as a “Schedule II controlled substance[ ]” in N.C.G.S. § 90-90(l)(a)(14). Id. § 90-90(l)(a)(14) (2013).”

State v. Llamas-Hernandez, 659 S.E.2d 79 (N.C. Ct. App. 2008). · cites it 4× “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (l)(d) (2007). There are different definitions of isomers for different controlled substances.”

State v. Gonzales, 2015 Ohio 461 (Ohio Ct. App. 2015). · cites it 2× “Llamas-Hernandez objected to the use of such testimony, arguing that it was improper for a lay witness to identify cocaine given the technical description of cocaine under N.C.G.S. § 90-90(1)(d).1 The trial court overruled the objection, and the state was permitted to proceed.”

State v. Crawford, 606 S.E.2d 375 (N.C. Ct. App. 2005). · cites it 3× “§ 90-95(d)(2), which provides that a person found in possession of a Schedule II controlled substance is “guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor,” but the third sentence creates *782 ambiguity by stating “the violation shall be punishable as a Class I felony.”

State v. Ellison, 713 S.E.2d 228 (N.C. Ct. App. 2011). · cites it 4× “Although hydrocodone is contained in Schedule II, N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (l)(a), that substance, when combined with acetaminophen, becomes dihydrocodeinone, which is statutorily classified as a Schedule III substance.”

Show all 60 citing cases →

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(1) — 5 cases

State v. Crawford, 606 S.E.2d 375 (N.C. Ct. App. 2005). “§ 90-95(d)(2), which provides that a person found in possession of a Schedule II controlled substance is “guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor,” but the third sentence creates *782 ambiguity by stating “the violation shall be punishable as a Class I felony.”

State v. Lail, 795 S.E.2d 401 (N.C. Ct. App. 2016).

State v. Arrington, 803 S.E.2d 845 (N.C. Ct. App. 2017).

Richardson v. United States (W.D.N.C. 2019).

State v. Miles, 795 S.E.2d 155 (N.C. Ct. App. 2017).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(1)(a) — 1 case

State v. Stith, 787 S.E.2d 40 (N.C. Ct. App. 2016). “N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 90-90 (1)(a)(10), 90- 95(b)(1) (2012).”

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(1)(a)(10) — 1 case

State v. Stith, 787 S.E.2d 40 (N.C. Ct. App. 2016). “N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 90-90 (1)(a)(10), 90- 95(b)(1) (2012).”

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(1)(a)(14) — 3 cases

State v. Palmer (N.C. Ct. App. 2020).

State v. Banks (N.C. Ct. App. 2026).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(1)(d) — 6 cases

State v. Ward, 694 S.E.2d 738 (N.C. 2010). “, concurring in part and dissenting in part) (citing N.C.G.S. § 90-90(1)(d) (2007) (defining cocaine) and id.”

State v. Gonzales, 2015 Ohio 461 (Ohio Ct. App. 2015). “Llamas-Hernandez objected to the use of such testimony, arguing that it was improper for a lay witness to identify cocaine given the technical description of cocaine under N.C.G.S. § 90-90(1)(d).1 The trial court overruled the objection, and the state was permitted to proceed.”

State v. Llamas-Hernandez, 659 S.E.2d 79 (N.C. Ct. App. 2008). “N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (l)(d) (2007). There are different definitions of isomers for different controlled substances.”

State v. Howell, 811 S.E.2d 570 (N.C. 2018).

State v. Hemingway (N.C. Ct. App. 2021).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(2) — 1 case

State v. Gibbs (N.C. 2023).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(2)(f) — 1 case

State v. Stith, 787 S.E.2d 40 (N.C. Ct. App. 2016). “N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 90-90 (1)(a)(10), 90- 95(b)(1) (2012).”

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(3)(c) — 1 case

State v. Davis (N.C. Ct. App. 2025).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(a) — 3 cases

State v. Jones, 598 S.E.2d 125 (N.C. 2004). “(2003); accord N.C.G.S. § 90-90(a)4. (1990) (renumbered as N.”

State v. Conway, 669 S.E.2d 40 (N.C. Ct. App. 2008). “Statutory Analysis The State argues the trafficking statute must be read in pari materia with N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90 (3), which classifies methamphetamine as a Schedule II controlled substance and delineates what is included in that term.”

State v. Proctor, 294 S.E.2d 240 (N.C. Ct. App. 1982).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(a)(l)(xi) — 1 case

State v. Jones, 354 S.E.2d 251 (N.C. Ct. App. 1987).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(l) — 4 cases

State v. Jones, 598 S.E.2d 125 (N.C. 2004). “(2003); accord N.C.G.S. § 90-90(a)4. (1990) (renumbered as N.”

State v. Hunt, 582 S.E.2d 593 (N.C. 2003). “All other kinds of murder, including that which shall be proximately caused by the unlawful distribution of opium or any synthetic or natural salt, compound, derivative, or preparation of opium, or cocaine or other substance described in N.C.G.S. § 90-90(l)d., when the ingestion…”

State v. Barnes, 741 S.E.2d 457 (N.C. Ct. App. 2013).

State v. Parlee, 703 S.E.2d 866 (N.C. Ct. App. 2011).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(l)(a)(10) — 1 case

State v. Johnson, 714 S.E.2d 502 (N.C. Ct. App. 2011).

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(l)(a)(14) — 1 case

State v. Winkler, 780 S.E.2d 824 (N.C. 2015). ““Oxycodone” is explicitly listed as a “Schedule II controlled substance[ ]” in N.C.G.S. § 90-90(l)(a)(14). Id. § 90-90(l)(a)(14) (2013).”

— N.C. Gen. Stat. § 90-90(l)(d) — 1 case

State v. Ward, 694 S.E.2d 738 (N.C. 2010). “, concurring in part and dissenting in part) (citing N.C.G.S. § 90-90(1)(d) (2007) (defining cocaine) and id.”

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