North Dakota Century Code

N.D. Cent. Code § 28-32-47 (2026)

Scope of and procedure on appeal from agency rulemaking

✓ current as of May 2026
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1. A judge of the district court shall review an appeal from an administrative agency's or ethics commission's rulemaking action based only on the record filed with the court. If an appellant requests documents to be included in the record but the agency or commission does not include them, the court, upon application by the appellant, may compel their inclusion. After a hearing, the filing of briefs, or other disposition of the matter as the judge may reasonably require, the court shall affirm the rulemaking action unless it finds that any of the following are present: a. The provisions of this chapter have not been substantially complied with in the rulemaking actions. b. A rule published as a result of the rulemaking action appealed is unconstitutional on the face of the language adopted. c. A rule published as a result of the rulemaking action appealed is beyond the scope of the agency's or commission's authority to adopt. d. A rule published as a result of the rulemaking action appealed is on the face of the language adopted an arbitrary or capricious application of authority granted by statute. 2. If the rulemaking action of the agency or commission is not affirmed by the court, the rulemaking action must be remanded to the agency or commission for disposition in accordance with the order of the court, or the rule or a portion of the rule resulting from the rulemaking action of the agency or commission must be declared invalid for reasons stated by the court.

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28-32-48. Appeal - Stay of proceedings. An appeal from an order or the rulemaking action of an administrative agency or the commission does not stay the enforcement of the order or the effect of a published rule unless the court to which the appeal is taken, upon application and after a hearing or the submission of briefs, orders a stay. The court may impose terms and conditions for a stay of the enforcement of the order or for a stay in the effect of a published rule. This section does not prohibit the operation of an automatic stay upon the enforcement of an administrative order or commission order as may be required by another statute.

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Notes of Decisions
Cited in 9 cases, 2005–2018 · leading case: Sloan v. North Dakota Workforce Saf. & Ins., 2011 ND 194 (N.D. 2011).
Sloan v. North Dakota Workforce Saf. & Ins., 2011 ND 194 (N.D. 2011). · cites it 6× “1978); see N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47. Whether an administrative agency has acted within its statutory authority presents a question of law, which is fully reviewable on appeal.”
Kroschel v. Levi, 2015 ND 185 (N.D. 2015). · cites it 2× “§ 28-32-46 or N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47.” Deeth , at ¶ 11. “An agency’s conclusions on questions of law are subject to full review.”
People to Save the Sheyenne River, Inc. v. North Dakota Dep't of Health, 2005 ND 104 (N.D. 2005). · cites it 2× “In Little , at ¶¶ 12-17, we applied the arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable standard in the predecessor to N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47(4) to review an agency’s quasi-legislative rule-making function in which there was not an adjudicative proceeding with a corresponding record, and we…”
Olson v. Levi, 2015 ND 250 (N.D. 2015). · cites it 2× “§ 28-32-46 or N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47.” Deeth , at ¶ 11. “An agency’s conclusions on questions of law are subject to full review.”
Deeth v. Dir., North Dakota Dep't of Transp., 2014 ND 232 (N.D. 2014). · cites it 2× “§ 28-32-46 or N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47. [¶ 12] The parties and the district court appear to analyze this case as if Deeth’s license was revoked for his being found in actual physical control of his vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor.”
State v. Baatz, 2011 ND 195 (N.D. 2011). · cites it 2× “”); see also N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47(1) (“[T]he court shall affirm the agency’s rulemaking action unless it finds that .”
Olson v. N.D. Dep't of Transp., 909 N.W.2d 676 (N.D. 2018). · cites it 2× “The conclusions of law and order of the agency do not sufficiently explain the agency's rationale for not adopting any contrary recommendations by a hearing officer or an administrative law judge.”
Leno v. Dir., North Dakota Dep't of Transp., 2015 ND 255 (N.D. 2015). · cites it 2× “§ 28-32-46 or N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47.” Deeth , at ¶.11. “Am agency’s conclusions on questions of law are subject to full review.”
State v. Nickel, 806 N.W.2d 155 (N.D. 2011). · cites it 2× “”); see also N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47(1) (“[T]he court shall affirm the agency’s rulemaking action unless it finds that .”
— N.D. Cent. Code § 28-32-47(1) — 2 cases
State v. Baatz, 2011 ND 195 (N.D. 2011). “”); see also N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47(1) (“[T]he court shall affirm the agency’s rulemaking action unless it finds that .”
State v. Nickel, 806 N.W.2d 155 (N.D. 2011). “”); see also N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47(1) (“[T]he court shall affirm the agency’s rulemaking action unless it finds that .”
— N.D. Cent. Code § 28-32-47(4) — 2 cases
Sloan v. North Dakota Workforce Saf. & Ins., 2011 ND 194 (N.D. 2011). “1978); see N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47. Whether an administrative agency has acted within its statutory authority presents a question of law, which is fully reviewable on appeal.”
People to Save the Sheyenne River, Inc. v. North Dakota Dep't of Health, 2005 ND 104 (N.D. 2005). “In Little , at ¶¶ 12-17, we applied the arbitrary, capricious, or unreasonable standard in the predecessor to N.D.C.C. § 28-32-47(4) to review an agency’s quasi-legislative rule-making function in which there was not an adjudicative proceeding with a corresponding record, and we…”
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