Tex. Codes » Penal Code · TITLE 7. OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY · CHAPTER 32. FRAUD
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Tex. Penal Code § 32.01 (2026)

Definitions

✓ current as of May 2026
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Sec. 32.01. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:

(1) "Financial institution" means a bank, trust company, insurance company, credit union, building and loan association, savings and loan association, investment trust, investment company, or any other organization held out to the public as a place for deposit of funds or medium of savings or collective investment.

(2) "Property" means:

(A) real property;

(B) tangible or intangible personal property including anything severed from land; or

(C) a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value.

(3) "Service" includes:

(A) labor and professional service;

(B) telecommunication, public utility, and transportation service;

(C) lodging, restaurant service, and entertainment; and

(D) the supply of a motor vehicle or other property for use.

(4) "Steal" means to acquire property or service by theft.

Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 10 cases (3 in the last 5 years), 1991–2026 · leading case: Slough v. State, 279 S.W.3d 409 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2009).
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Slough v. State, 279 S.W.3d 409 (Tex. App.—Eastland 2009). “” Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 32.01 (4) (Vernon 2003).”
Law v. State, 811 S.W.2d 265 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1991). “” Tex.Penal Code Ann. § 32.01 (Vernon 1989).”
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. State, No. 06-19-00164-CR (Tex. App.—Texarkana Nov. 23, 2020). · cites it 3× “TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.21(e-1). Further, subsection (2) of Section 32.”
Birnbaum v. All. of Am. Insurers, 994 S.W.2d 766 (1999). “Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 32.01 (1) (West 1994); Tex.”
Hector Martinez v. State, No. 08-13-00363-CR, 2016 WL 2864952 (Tex. App.—El Paso May 13, 2016). “Appellant asserts that while evidence of payroll transfers in amounts in excess of those authorized may form the basis for a theft conviction, without evidence of a “specific agreement” that he violated, that evidence is insufficient to support a conviction for misapplication of…”
Leslie Garcia v. the State of Texas, No. 14-22-00382-CR (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Nov. 9, 2023). “Other Elements Appellant next contends that there is no evidence of an agreement between HRM and her.”
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. the State of Texas, No. 06-19-00164-CR (Tex. App.—Texarkana Mar. 13, 2025). “” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(2)(C). Therefore, within that statutory scheme, the definition of property includes money.”
Lennox, Bobby Carl Aka Bobby Carl Leanox v. The State of Texas, No. PD-0284-25 (Tex. Crim. App. Jan. 29, 2026). “26 See TEX. PENAL CODE § 32.01(2) (defining what “property” means “[i]n this chapter”).”
Alamia, Anthony v. State, No. 05-12-00992-CR, 2014 WL 474632 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 5, 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
Alamia, Anthony v. State, No. 05-12-00993-CR (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 5, 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(2): 1 case
Lennox, Bobby Carl Aka Bobby Carl Leanox v. The State of Texas, No. PD-0284-25 (Tex. Crim. App. Jan. 29, 2026). “26 See TEX. PENAL CODE § 32.01(2) (defining what “property” means “[i]n this chapter”).”
Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(2)(C): 2 cases
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. State, No. 06-19-00164-CR (Tex. App.—Texarkana Nov. 23, 2020). “TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.21(e-1). Further, subsection (2) of Section 32.”
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. the State of Texas, No. 06-19-00164-CR (Tex. App.—Texarkana Mar. 13, 2025). “” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(2)(C). Therefore, within that statutory scheme, the definition of property includes money.”
Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(2)(c): 1 case
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. State, No. 06-19-00164-CR (Tex. App.—Texarkana Nov. 23, 2020). “TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.21(e-1). Further, subsection (2) of Section 32.”
Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(a)(1)(A): 2 cases
Alamia, Anthony v. State, No. 05-12-00992-CR, 2014 WL 474632 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 5, 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
Alamia, Anthony v. State, No. 05-12-00993-CR (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 5, 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
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