Tex. Codes » Penal Code · TITLE 7. OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY · CHAPTER 32. FRAUD
Texas Codes

Tex. Penal Code § 32.01 (2026)

Definitions

✓ current as of May 2026
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Sec. 32.01. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter:

(1) "Financial institution" means a bank, trust company, insurance company, credit union, building and loan association, savings and loan association, investment trust, investment company, or any other organization held out to the public as a place for deposit of funds or medium of savings or collective investment.

(2) "Property" means:

(A) real property;

(B) tangible or intangible personal property including anything severed from land; or

(C) a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value.

(3) "Service" includes:

(A) labor and professional service;

(B) telecommunication, public utility, and transportation service;

(C) lodging, restaurant service, and entertainment; and

(D) the supply of a motor vehicle or other property for use.

(4) "Steal" means to acquire property or service by theft.

Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 10 cases (3 in the last 5 years), 1991–2026 · leading case: Slough v. State, 279 S.W.3d 409 (Tex. App. 2009).
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Slough v. State, 279 S.W.3d 409 (Tex. App. 2009). “” Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 32.01 (4) (Vernon 2003).”
Law v. State, 811 S.W.2d 265 (Tex. App. 1991). “” Tex.Penal Code Ann. § 32.01 (Vernon 1989).”
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. State (Tex. App. 2020). · cites it 3× “TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.21(e-1). Further, subsection (2) of Section 32.”
Birnbaum v. All. of Am. Insurers, 994 S.W.2d 766 (1999). “Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 32.01 (1) (West 1994); Tex.”
Hector Martinez v. State (Tex. App. 2016). “Appellant asserts that while evidence of payroll transfers in amounts in excess of those authorized may form the basis for a theft conviction, without evidence of a “specific agreement” that he violated, that evidence is insufficient to support a conviction for misapplication of…”
Leslie Garcia v. the State of Texas (Tex. App. 2023). “Other Elements Appellant next contends that there is no evidence of an agreement between HRM and her.”
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. the State of Texas (Tex. App. 2025). “” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(2)(C). Therefore, within that statutory scheme, the definition of property includes money.”
Lennox, Bobby Carl Aka Bobby Carl Leanox v. The State of Texas (Tex. Crim. App. 2026). “26 See TEX. PENAL CODE § 32.01(2) (defining what “property” means “[i]n this chapter”).”
Alamia, Anthony v. State (Tex. App. 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
Alamia, Anthony v. State (Tex. App. 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
— Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(2) — 1 case
Lennox, Bobby Carl Aka Bobby Carl Leanox v. The State of Texas (Tex. Crim. App. 2026). “26 See TEX. PENAL CODE § 32.01(2) (defining what “property” means “[i]n this chapter”).”
— Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(2)(C) — 2 cases
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. State (Tex. App. 2020). “TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.21(e-1). Further, subsection (2) of Section 32.”
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. the State of Texas (Tex. App. 2025). “” TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(2)(C). Therefore, within that statutory scheme, the definition of property includes money.”
— Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(2)(c) — 1 case
Bobby Carl Lennox AKA Bobby Carl Leanox v. State (Tex. App. 2020). “TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.21(e-1). Further, subsection (2) of Section 32.”
— Tex. Penal Code § 32.01(a)(1)(A) — 2 cases
Alamia, Anthony v. State (Tex. App. 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
Alamia, Anthony v. State (Tex. App. 2014). “See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 32.01(a)(1)(A), (B).”
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