U.S. Code » Title 10 » Subtitle Subtitle A— General Military Law › Part PART I— ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL MILITARY POWERS › Chapter CHAPTER 3— GENERAL POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

10 U.S.C. § 130c

Nondisclosure of information: certain sensitive information of foreign governments and international organizations

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(a)Exemption From Disclosure.—The national security official concerned (as defined in subsection (h)) may withhold from public disclosure otherwise required by law sensitive information of foreign governments in accordance with this section.(b)Information Eligible for Exemption.—For the purposes of this section, information is sensitive information of a foreign government only if the national security official concerned makes each of the following determinations with respect to the information:(1) That the information was provided by, otherwise made available by, or produced in cooperation with, a foreign government or international organization.(2) That the foreign government or international organization is withholding the information from public disclosure (relying for that determination on the written representation of the foreign government or international organization to that effect).(3) That any of the following conditions are met:(A) The foreign government or international organization requests, in writing, that the information be withheld.(B) The information was provided or made available to the United States Government on the condition that it not be released to the public.(C) The information is an item of information, or is in a category of information, that the national security official concerned has specified in regulations prescribed under subsection (g) as being information the release of which would have an adverse effect on the ability of the United States Government to obtain the same or similar information in the future.(c)Information of Other Agencies.—If the national security official concerned provides to the head of another agency sensitive information of a foreign government, as determined by that national security official under subsection (b), and informs the head of the other agency of that determination, then the head of the other agency shall withhold the information from any public disclosure unless that national security official specifically authorizes the disclosure.(d)Limitations.—(1) If a request for disclosure covers any sensitive information of a foreign government (as described in subsection (b)) that came into the possession or under the control of the United States Government before October 30, 2000, and more than 25 years before the request is received by an agency, the information may be withheld only as set forth in paragraph (3).(2)(A) If a request for disclosure covers any sensitive information of a foreign government (as described in subsection (b)) that came into the possession or under the control of the United States Government on or after the date referred to in paragraph (1), the authority to withhold the information under this section is subject to the provisions of subparagraphs (B) and (C).(B) Information referred to in subparagraph (A) may not be withheld under this section after—(i) the date that is specified by a foreign government or international organization in a request or expression of a condition described in paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) that is made by the foreign government or international organization concerning the information; or(ii) if there are more than one such foreign governments or international organizations, the latest date so specified by any of them.(C) If no date is applicable under subparagraph (B) to a request referred to in subparagraph (A) and the information referred to in that subparagraph came into possession or under the control of the United States more than 10 years before the date on which the request is received by an agency, the information may be withheld under this section only as set forth in paragraph (3).(3) Information referred to in paragraph (1) or (2)(C) may be withheld under this section in the case of a request for disclosure only if, upon the notification of each foreign government and international organization concerned in accordance with the regulations prescribed under subsection (g)(2), any such government or organization requests in writing that the information not be disclosed for an additional period stated in the request of that government or organization. After the national security official concerned considers the request of the foreign government or international organization, the official shall designate a later date as the date after which the information is not to be withheld under this section. The later date may be extended in accordance with a later request of any such foreign government or international organization under this paragraph.(e)Information Protected Under Other Authority.—This section does not apply to information or matters that are specifically required in the interest of national defense or foreign policy to be protected against unauthorized disclosure under criteria established by an Executive order and are classified, properly, at the confidential, secret, or top secret level pursuant to such Executive order.(f)Disclosures Not Affected.—Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize any official to withhold, or to authorize the withholding of, information from the following:(1) Congress.(2) The Comptroller General, unless the information relates to activities that the President designates as foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities.(g)Regulations.—(1) The national security officials referred to in subsection (h)(1) shall each prescribe regulations to carry out this section. The regulations shall include criteria for making the determinations required under subsection (b). The regulations may provide for controls on access to and use of, and special markings and specific safeguards for, a category or categories of information subject to this section.(2) The regulations shall include procedures for notifying and consulting with each foreign government or international organization concerned about requests for disclosure of information to which this section applies.(h)Definitions.—In this section:(1) The term “national security official concerned” means the following:(A) The Secretary of Defense, with respect to information of concern to the Department of Defense, as determined by the Secretary.(B) The Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to information of concern to the Coast Guard, as determined by the Secretary, but only while the Coast Guard is not operating as a service in the Navy.(C) The Secretary of Energy, with respect to information concerning the national security programs of the Department of Energy, as determined by the Secretary.(2) The term “agency” has the meaning given that term in section 552(f) of title 5.(3) The term “international organization” means the following:(A) A public international organization designated pursuant to section 1 of the International Organizations Immunities Act (59 Stat. 669; 22 U.S.C. 288) as being entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions, and immunities provided in such Act.(B) A public international organization created pursuant to a treaty or other international agreement as an instrument through or by which two or more foreign governments engage in some aspect of their conduct of international affairs.(C) An official mission, except a United States mission, to a public international organization referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B).(Added Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title X, § 1073(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–277; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, § 1048(a)(3), (c)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1222, 1226; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, § 1704(b)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2314.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The International Organizations Immunities Act, referred to in subsec. (h)(3)(A), is title I of act Dec. 29, 1945, ch. 652, 59 Stat. 669, which is classified principally to subchapter XVIII (§ 288 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 288 of Title 22 and Tables.

Amendments

2002—Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted “of Homeland Security” for “of Transportation”.

2001—Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 107–107, § 1048(a)(3), substituted “subsection (g)” for “subsection (f)”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 107–107, § 1048(c)(1), substituted “October 30, 2000,” for “the date of the enactment of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001”.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective on the date of transfer of the Coast Guard to the Department of Homeland Security, see section 1704(g) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 7 cases, 2005–2020 · leading case: Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005).
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Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). · cites it 36× “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
Am. Civil Liberties Union v. Dep't of Def., 389 F. Supp. 2d 547 (S.D.N.Y. 2005). · cites it 10× “The relevant statute, 10 U.S.C. § 130c, authorizes the withholding of “sensitive information” to the extent such withholding is requested by a foreign government or international organization.”
Associated Press v. United States Dep't of Def., 554 F.3d 274 (2d Cir. 2009). · cites it 3× “provided that such statute (A) requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue, or (B) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld.”
United States v. Ng Lap Seng, 934 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2019). · cites it 2× “This conclusion finds further support in statutes that refer separately to “foreign governments” and “international organizations,” even when Congress chooses to apply the law equally to both.”
Mobley v. Cent. Intelligence Agency, 924 F. Supp. 2d 24 (D.D.C. 2013). “2008), which dealt with the Department of Defense’s reliance on a different statute — 10 U.S.C. § 130c — to invoke FOIA Exemption 3.”
Ctr. for Pub. Integrity v. U.S. Dep't of Def. (D.D.C. 2020). · cites it 12× “As to the withholdings under FOIA Exemption 3, the Court concludes that Defendants have shown that the withholdings are appropriate under 10 U.S.C. § 130c, which allows for the withholding of sensitive information of foreign governments.”
Associated Press v. United States Dep't of Def. (2d Cir. 2009). · cites it 3× “The district court reasoned 8 that while 10 U.S.C. § 130c is an applicable withholding statute,5 the documents did not arguably or logically fall within its scope and thus did not fall under Exemption 3.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(a) — 3 cases
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
Am. Civil Liberties Union v. Dep't of Def., 389 F. Supp. 2d 547 (S.D.N.Y. 2005). “The relevant statute, 10 U.S.C. § 130c, authorizes the withholding of “sensitive information” to the extent such withholding is requested by a foreign government or international organization.”
Ctr. for Pub. Integrity v. U.S. Dep't of Def. (D.D.C. 2020). “As to the withholdings under FOIA Exemption 3, the Court concludes that Defendants have shown that the withholdings are appropriate under 10 U.S.C. § 130c, which allows for the withholding of sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(b) — 4 cases
Associated Press v. United States Dep't of Def., 554 F.3d 274 (2d Cir. 2009). “provided that such statute (A) requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue, or (B) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld.”
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
Ctr. for Pub. Integrity v. U.S. Dep't of Def. (D.D.C. 2020). “As to the withholdings under FOIA Exemption 3, the Court concludes that Defendants have shown that the withholdings are appropriate under 10 U.S.C. § 130c, which allows for the withholding of sensitive information of foreign governments.”
Associated Press v. United States Dep't of Def. (2d Cir. 2009). “The district court reasoned 8 that while 10 U.S.C. § 130c is an applicable withholding statute,5 the documents did not arguably or logically fall within its scope and thus did not fall under Exemption 3.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(b)(1) — 1 case
Ctr. for Pub. Integrity v. U.S. Dep't of Def. (D.D.C. 2020). “As to the withholdings under FOIA Exemption 3, the Court concludes that Defendants have shown that the withholdings are appropriate under 10 U.S.C. § 130c, which allows for the withholding of sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(b)(2) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(b)(3) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(b)(3)(C) — 1 case
Am. Civil Liberties Union v. Dep't of Def., 389 F. Supp. 2d 547 (S.D.N.Y. 2005). “The relevant statute, 10 U.S.C. § 130c, authorizes the withholding of “sensitive information” to the extent such withholding is requested by a foreign government or international organization.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(b)(l) — 2 cases
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
Am. Civil Liberties Union v. Dep't of Def., 389 F. Supp. 2d 547 (S.D.N.Y. 2005). “The relevant statute, 10 U.S.C. § 130c, authorizes the withholding of “sensitive information” to the extent such withholding is requested by a foreign government or international organization.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(d) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(d)(2) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(d)(2)(C) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(d)(3) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(g) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(g)(l) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
— 10 U.S.C. § 130c(h) — 1 case
Nat'l Inst. of Military Just. v. U.S. Dep't of Def., 404 F. Supp. 2d 325 (D.D.C. 2005). “Section 130c provides that certain national security officials, in this case the Secretary of Defense, can withhold from public disclosure sensitive information of foreign governments.”
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