U.S. Code » Title 11 » Chapter CHAPTER 12— ADJUSTMENT OF DEBTS OF A FAMILY FARMER OR FISHERMAN WITH REGULAR ANNUAL INCOME › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER II— THE PLAN

11 U.S.C. § 1228

Discharge

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(a) Subject to subsection (d), as soon as practicable after completion by the debtor of all payments under the plan, and in the case of a debtor who is required by a judicial or administrative order, or by statute, to pay a domestic support obligation, after such debtor certifies that all amounts payable under such order or such statute that are due on or before the date of the certification (including amounts due before the petition was filed, but only to the extent provided for by the plan) have been paid, other than payments to holders of allowed claims provided for under section 1222(b)(5) or 1222(b)(9) of this title, unless the court approves a written waiver of discharge executed by the debtor after the order for relief under this chapter, the court shall grant the debtor a discharge of all debts provided for by the plan, allowed under section 503 of this title, or disallowed under section 502 of this title, except any debt—(1) provided for under section 1222(b)(5) or 1222(b)(9) of this title; or(2) of a kind specified in section 523(a) of this title, except as provided in section 1232(c).(b) Subject to subsection (d), at any time after the confirmation of the plan and after notice and a hearing, the court may grant a discharge to a debtor that has not completed payments under the plan only if—(1) the debtor’s failure to complete such payments is due to circumstances for which the debtor should not justly be held accountable;(2) the value, as of the effective date of the plan, of property actually distributed under the plan on account of each allowed unsecured claim is not less than the amount that would have been paid on such claim if the estate of the debtor had been liquidated under chapter 7 of this title on such date; and(3) modification of the plan under section 1229 of this title is not practicable.(c) A discharge granted under subsection (b) of this section discharges the debtor from all unsecured debts provided for by the plan or disallowed under section 502 of this title, except any debt—(1) provided for under section 1222(b)(5) or 1222(b)(9) of this title; or(2) of a kind specified in section 523(a) of this title, except as provided in section 1232(c).(d) On request of a party in interest before one year after a discharge under this section is granted, and after notice and a hearing, the court may revoke such discharge only if—(1) such discharge was obtained by the debtor through fraud; and(2) the requesting party did not know of such fraud until after such discharge was granted.(e) After the debtor is granted a discharge, the court shall terminate the services of any trustee serving in the case.(f) The court may not grant a discharge under this chapter unless the court after notice and a hearing held not more than 10 days before the date of the entry of the order granting the discharge finds that there is no reasonable cause to believe that—(1) section 522(q)(1) may be applicable to the debtor; and(2) there is pending any proceeding in which the debtor may be found guilty of a felony of the kind described in section 522(q)(1)(A) or liable for a debt of the kind described in section 522(q)(1)(B).(Added and amended Pub. L. 99–554, title II, § 255, title III, § 302(f), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3112, 3124; Pub. L. 103–65, § 1, Aug. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 311; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, § 149(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–610; Pub. L. 106–5, § 1(1), (2), Mar. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 106–70, § 1, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1031; Pub. L. 106–518, title II, § 208, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2415; Pub. L. 107–8, § 1, May 11, 2001, 115 Stat. 10; Pub. L. 107–17, § 1, June 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 151; Pub. L. 107–170, § 1, May 7, 2002, 116 Stat. 133; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, § 10814(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 107–377, § 2(a), Dec. 19, 2002, 116 Stat. 3115; Pub. L. 108–73, § 2(a), Aug. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 108–369, § 2(a), Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1749; Pub. L. 109–8, title II, § 213(6), title III, § 330(c), title X, § 1001(a)(1), (c), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 53, 101, 185, 186; Pub. L. 115–72, div. B, § 1005(b)(1)(B), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1233.)Editorial NotesCodification

For repeal of section effective Oct. 1, 1998, and subsequent reenactment of section, see note set out preceding section 1201 of this title.

Amendments

2017—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–72, § 1005(b)(1)(B)(i)(I), in introductory provisions, inserted a comma after “all debts provided for by the plan” and after “allowed under section 503 of this title”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–72, § 1005(b)(1)(B)(i)(II), substituted “a kind specified in section 523(a) of this title, except as provided in section 1232(c).” for “the kind specified in section 523(a) of this title.”

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 115–72, § 1005(b)(1)(B)(ii), inserted “, except as provided in section 1232(c)” before period at end.

2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–8, § 330(c)(1), substituted “Subject to subsection (d), as” for “As” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–8, § 213(6), inserted “, and in the case of a debtor who is required by a judicial or administrative order, or by statute, to pay a domestic support obligation, after such debtor certifies that all amounts payable under such order or such statute that are due on or before the date of the certification (including amounts due before the petition was filed, but only to the extent provided for by the plan) have been paid” after “completion by the debtor of all payments under the plan” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–8, § 330(c)(2), substituted “Subject to subsection (d), at” for “At” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–8, § 330(c)(3), added subsec. (f).

2000—Subsecs. (a), (c)(1). Pub. L. 106–518 substituted “1222(b)(9)” for “1222(b)(10)” wherever appearing.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 2017 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–72 applicable to bankruptcy cases pending on Oct. 26, 2017, in which the plan under this chapter has not been confirmed on Oct. 26, 2017, and relating to which an order of discharge under this section has not been entered, and to bankruptcy cases that commence on or after Oct. 26, 2017, see section 1005(c) of Pub. L. 115–72, set out as a note under section 1222 of this title.

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Amendments by sections 213(6) and 330(c) of Pub. L. 109–8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, with amendment by section 213(6) of Pub. L. 109–8 not applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title before such effective date, except as otherwise provided, and amendment by section 330(c) of Pub. L. 109–8 applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title on or after Apr. 20, 2005, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Dates

Permanent reenactment of section effective July 1, 2005, see section 1001(a)(2) of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a Repeal, Reenactment, and Termination of Chapter note under section 1201 of this title. For effective dates of section and amendments extending periods for which section was reenacted prior to permanent reenactment, see Effective Date and Effective Date of 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 Amendment notes set out under section 1201 of this title.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 80 cases (7 in the last 5 years), 1940–2024 · leading case: United State ex rel. Minge v. Hawker Beechcraft Corp. (In re Hawker Beechcraft, Inc.), 515 B.R. 416 (S.D.N.Y. 2014).
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United State ex rel. Minge v. Hawker Beechcraft Corp. (In re Hawker Beechcraft, Inc.), 515 B.R. 416 (S.D.N.Y. 2014). · cites it 4× “11 U.S.C. § 1228 (a)(2). The section excepts from discharge any debt “of the kind specified in section 523(a) of [the Bankruptcy Code].”
In Re Grimm, 145 B.R. 994 (Bankr. D.S.D. 1992). · cites it 13× “The simple, legal issue is whether a debtor’s substantial, yet incomplete payment performance as required by a confirmed Chapter 12 plan of reorganization is sufficient to satisfy the discharge requirements of 11 U.S.C. § 1228 (a). Debtors seek a Chapter 12 discharge when plan…”
Christie v. First State Bank (In Re Keener), 268 B.R. 912 (Bankr. N.D. Tex. 2003). · cites it 2× “See 11 U.S.C. §§ 1228 , 1141; COLLIER ON BANKRUPTCY, ¶ 1227.”
In Re Knudsen, 356 B.R. 480 (Bankr. D. Iowa 2006). · cites it 3× “IRS says such discharge is not permissible under 11 U.S.C. § 1228 (a)(2). That section excepts from discharge any debt of a kind specified in § 523(a) of the Code, and such debts include debts for taxes “of the kind and for the periods specified in section .”
Grimes v. United States, Farmers Home Admin. (In Re Grimes), 117 B.R. 531 (9th Cir. BAP 1990). · cites it 2× “Section 1228 does not incorporate 11 U.S.C. § 727 (a).”
Avion Funding v. GFS Indus., 99 F.4th 223 (5th Cir. 2024). “See 11 U.S.C. § 1228 (a). Chapter 12 allows “the debtor” a discharge of all specified debts “except any debt .”
In Re Gross, 121 B.R. 587 (Bankr. D.S.D. 1990). · cites it 5× “Trustee’s 2004 examination seeks to discover facts underlying an alleged transfer which implicitly contemplates Trustee bringing an action to revoke or modify Debtors’ confirmed plan or objecting to discharge upon successful plan completion under 11 U.S.C. § 1228 (d). Revocation…”
In the Matter of Randy WEBER & Christian Weber, Debtors-Appellants, 25 F.3d 413 (7th Cir. 1994). “11 U.S.C. § 1228 (a). The dispute here involves a disagreement over the interpretation of the confirmed plan.”
Harmon v. United States, 101 F.3d 574 (8th Cir. 1996). · cites it 3× “If the debtor completes making payments under the plan (other than payments that extend beyond the plan period, as described above), the court grants the debtor a discharge “of all debts provided for by the plan” (other than the debts underlying the extended payments).”
In Re Rott, 73 B.R. 366 (Bankr. D.N.D. 1987). “See 11 U.S.C. § 1228 . If payments to secured creditors become in default after the plan is complet *374 ed, the secured creditor may then foreclose on the secured portion of its debt, but is prohibited from foreclosing on the discharged unsecured portion of its debt.”
In Re Grydzuk, 353 B.R. 564 (Bankr. N.D. Ind. 2006). “§ 1141 ; or 11 U.S.C. § 1228 (a): That is the terminology utilized in 11 U.”
In re Thorpe, 563 B.R. 576 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 2017). “” 11 U.S.C. §§ 1228 (a), 1328(a). In chapter 12, the continued existence of a bankruptcy case trustee whose duties include ensuring that the debtor makes the payments required by the confirmed plan and filing a final accounting of the administration of the estate, see 11 U.”
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— 11 U.S.C. § 1228(a)(1) — 1 case
Matter of Kline, 94 B.R. 557 (Bankr. N.D. Ind. 1988).
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