11 U.S.C. § 321

Eligibility to serve as trustee

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(a) A person may serve as trustee in a case under this title only if such person is—(1) an individual that is competent to perform the duties of trustee and, in a case under chapter 7, 12, or 13 of this title, resides or has an office in the judicial district within which the case is pending, or in any judicial district adjacent to such district; or(2) a corporation authorized by such corporation’s charter or bylaws to act as trustee, and, in a case under chapter 7, 12, or 13 of this title, having an office in at least one of such districts.(b) A person that has served as an examiner in the case may not serve as trustee in the case.(c) The United States trustee for the judicial district in which the case is pending is eligible to serve as trustee in the case if necessary.(Pub. L. 95–598, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2561; Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 428, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 369; Pub. L. 99–554, title II, §§ 206, 257(c), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3098, 3114.)Historical and Revision Noteslegislative statements

Section 321 indicates that an examiner may not serve as a trustee in the case.

senate report no. 95–989

Section 321 is adapted from current Bankruptcy Act § 45 [section 73 of former title 11] and Bankruptcy Rule 209. Subsection (a) specifies that an individual may serve as trustee in a bankruptcy case only if he is competent to perform the duties of trustee and resides or has an office in the judicial district within which the case is pending, or in an adjacent judicial district. A corporation must be authorized by its charter or bylaws to act as trustee, and, for chapter 7 or 13 cases, must have an office in any of the above mentioned judicial districts.

Editorial NotesAmendments

1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–554, § 257(c), inserted reference to chapter 12 in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–554, § 206, added subsec. (c).

1984—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–353 substituted “the case” for “a case” after “an examiner in”.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1986 Amendment

Effective date and applicability of amendment by section 206 of Pub. L. 99–554 dependent upon the judicial district involved, see section 302(d), (e) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by section 257 of Pub. L. 99–554 effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, but not applicable to cases commenced under this title before that date, see section 302(a), (c)(1) of Pub. L. 99–554.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective with respect to cases filed 90 days after July 10, 1984, see section 552(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 41 cases (2 in the last 5 years), 1982–2022 · leading case: In Re Tyrone F. Conner Corp., Inc., 140 B.R. 771 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 1992).

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In Re Tyrone F. Conner Corp., Inc., 140 B.R. 771 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 1992). · cites it 10× “11 U.S.C. § 321 (c). The Court can also easily reconcile the language appearing in 11 U.”

Geruschat v. Ernst Young LLP (In Re Seven Fields Dev. Corp.), 505 F.3d 237 (3rd Cir. 2007). “See generally 11 U.S.C. §§ 321 , 322, 324, 326-331. Although standards for the conduct of court-appointed professionals, the breach of which may constitute bankruptcy malpractice, are not comprehensively expressed in the statute, the Code need not duplicate relevant,…”

AFI Holding, Inc. v. Brown, 530 F.3d 832 (9th Cir. 2008). “Section 321 provides that a person is eligible to serve as a bankruptcy trustee if such individual “is competent to perform the duties of trustee,” 11 U.S.C. § 321 (a)(1). In regards to chapter 7, § 701(a)(1) provides that the U.”

In Re South Beach Sec., Inc., 376 B.R. 881 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2007). · cites it 2× “1992), and the Code authorizes him to do so, see 11 U.S.C. § 321 (c); see also 11 U.S.C. § 321 (b)(1).”

Philip R. Joelson v. United States of Am., 86 F.3d 1413 (6th Cir. 1996). “3 ; 11 U.S.C. § 321 . In appointing panel members, U.”

Dye v. Brown (In Re AFI Holding, Inc.), 355 B.R. 139 (9th Cir. BAP 2006). “” 11 U.S.C. § 321 (a)(1). In regards to chapter 7, § 701(a)(1) provides that the U.”

Hansen v. Green Tree Servicing, LLC (In Re Hansen), 332 B.R. 8 (10th Cir. BAP 2005). “But see 11 U.S.C. §§ 321 and 323 (trustee is the representative of the estate) and § 544(a) (expressly stating trustee is the party with standing).”

Geruschat v. Ernst & Young, LLP (In Re Earned Capital Corp.), 331 B.R. 208 (Bankr. W.D. Pa. 2005). “See generally 11 U.S.C. §§ 321 , 322, 324, 326-331. Although standards for the conduct of court-appointed professionals, the breach of which may constitute bankruptcy malpractice, are not comprehensively expressed in the statute, the Code need not duplicate relevant,…”

In Re Carnegie Int'l Corp., 51 B.R. 252 (Bankr. S.D. Ind. 1984). · cites it 2× “First, they contend that the expansion undermines the intent of 11 U.S.C. §§ 321 (b) and 327(f). Second, the Kenne-dys argue that the action creates conflicts between the Examiner’s new court-delegated duties and his responsibilities under § 1104(b) of the Bankruptcy Code.”

United States v. Scott P. Lowell, 256 F.3d 463 (7th Cir. 2001). “See 11 U.S.C. § 321 et seq. The trustee in our case, a private attorney, was a chapter 7 “panel bankruptcy trustee” called into service by the United States Trustee’s Office.”

In Re McKenna, 93 B.R. 238 (Bankr. E.D. Cal. 1988). “11 U.S.C. § 321 (a)(1). At least two of the items for which attorney’s fees are sought are, as a matter of black-letter law, trustee duties.”

Richard Schultze v. David Chandler, Sr., 765 F.3d 945 (9th Cir. 2014). “See generally 11 U.S.C. §§ 321 , 322, 324, 326-331. 163 F.”

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