U.S. Code » Title 16 » Chapter CHAPTER 1— NATIONAL PARKS, MILITARY PARKS, MONUMENTS, AND SEASHORES › Subchapter SUBCHAPTER LXXXII— SLEEPING BEAR DUNES NATIONAL LAKESHORE

16 U.S.C. § 460x

Establishment

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(a) Purpose; administration

The Congress finds that certain outstanding natural features, including forests, beaches, dune formations, and ancient glacial phenomena, exist along the mainland shore of Lake Michigan and on certain nearby islands in Benzie and Leelanau Counties, Michigan, and that such features ought to be preserved in their natural setting and protected from developments and uses which would destroy the scenic beauty and natural character of the area. In order to accomplish this purpose for the benefit, inspiration, education, recreation, and enjoyment of the public, the Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter referred to as the “Secretary”) is authorized to take appropriate action, as herein provided, to establish in the State of Michigan the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore. In carrying out the provisions of this subchapter, the Secretary shall administer and protect the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in a manner which provides for recreational opportunities consistent with the maximum protection of the natural environment within the area.

(b) Cooperation between Federal, State, and local governments

In preserving the lakeshore and stabilizing its development, substantial reliance shall be placed on cooperation between Federal, State, and local governments to apply sound principles of land use planning and zoning. In developing the lakeshore, full recognition shall be given to protecting the private properties for the enjoyment of the owners.

(Pub. L. 91–479, § 1, Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1075.)
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 5 cases, 1986–1997 · leading case: Miller v. United States Dept. of Interior, 649 F. Supp. 444 (W.D. Mich. 1986).
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Miller v. United States Dept. of Interior, 649 F. Supp. 444 (W.D. Mich. 1986). · cites it 2× “1075 , 16 U.S.C. § 460x et seq. Consisting of approximately 71,000 acres of land and water along Lake Michigan, the park is noted for its scenic beauty.”
Michigan United Conservation Clubs v. Lujan, 949 F.2d 202 (6th Cir. 1991). “Sleeping Bear was established in 1970 pursuant to 16 U.S.C. § 460x, et seq. Section 460x sets forth the purpose of the Act: (a) The Congress finds that certain outstanding natural features, including forests, beaches, dune formations, and ancient glacial phenomena, exist along…”
Alef v. Us Dept. of Interior, 990 F. Supp. 932 (W.D. Mich. 1997). “” 16 U.S.C. § 460x(a). The Government has submitted unrefuted evidence that it made the decision not to post no-diving signs or patrol North Bar Lake in accordance with the foregoing statutorily mandated policy considerations.”
Friends of the Crystal River v. U.S. Env't Prot. Agency, 794 F. Supp. 674 (W.D. Mich. 1992). “” 16 U.S.C. § 460x(a). Further, Congress mandated that “[i]n preserving the lakeshore and stabilizing its development, substantial reliance shall be placed on cooperation between Federal, State, and local governments to apply sound principles of land use planning and zoning.”
Boekeloo v. Hodel, 828 F.2d 727 (Fed. Cir. 1987). “Shortly after Congress passed the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore Act, 16 U.S.C. § 460x et seq. (1982), authorizing the creation of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore in Benzie and Leelanau Counties, Michigan, representatives of the United States Department of…”
— 16 U.S.C. § 460x(a) — 2 cases
Alef v. Us Dept. of Interior, 990 F. Supp. 932 (W.D. Mich. 1997). “” 16 U.S.C. § 460x(a). The Government has submitted unrefuted evidence that it made the decision not to post no-diving signs or patrol North Bar Lake in accordance with the foregoing statutorily mandated policy considerations.”
Friends of the Crystal River v. U.S. Env't Prot. Agency, 794 F. Supp. 674 (W.D. Mich. 1992). “” 16 U.S.C. § 460x(a). Further, Congress mandated that “[i]n preserving the lakeshore and stabilizing its development, substantial reliance shall be placed on cooperation between Federal, State, and local governments to apply sound principles of land use planning and zoning.”
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