18 U.S.C. § 2321

Trafficking in certain motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts

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(a) Whoever buys, receives, possesses, or obtains control of, with intent to sell or otherwise dispose of, a motor vehicle or motor vehicle part, knowing that an identification number for such motor vehicle or part has been removed, obliterated, tampered with, or altered, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.(b) Subsection (a) does not apply if the removal, obliteration, tampering, or alteration—(1) is caused by collision or fire; or(2) is not a violation of section 511 of this title.(c) As used in this section, the terms “identification number” and “motor vehicle” have the meaning given those terms in section 511 of this title.(Added Pub. L. 98–547, title II, § 204(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2770, § 2320; renumbered § 2321, Pub. L. 99–646, § 42(a), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3601; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(N), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2148.)Editorial NotesAmendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $20,000”.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 61 cases (3 in the last 5 years), 1988–2026 · leading case: United States v. Sharon Saunders, 318 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2003).
United States v. Sharon Saunders, 318 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2003). · cites it 4× “BACKGROUND Sharon Saunders, the wife of Terence James Saunders, 1 pled guilty to one count of possessing with intent to sell motor vehicles with altered vehicle identification numbers, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2321 (a). She now appeals her eighteen-month sentence pursuant to…”
United States v. Dorsey, 677 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2012). · cites it 2× “§ 2322 (a)(1) and (b), and seventeen counts of trafficking in motor vehicles in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2321 (a). A jury then convicted Dorsey of two related crimes: one count of witness tampering in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Myat Maung, 267 F.3d 1113 (11th Cir. 2001). · cites it 2× “§ 371 , to violate 18 U.S.C. § 2321 (a) by receiving and possessing with intent to sell cars with altered identification numbers, and on one count of exporting stolen cars in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Exarhos, 135 F.3d 723 (11th Cir. 1998). · cites it 11× “numbers had been altered, with intent to sell or otherwise dispose of such vehicles or parts, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2321 ; and, c. export stolen vehicles in violation of 18 U.”
United States v. Jose Fuentes, 107 F.3d 1515 (11th Cir. 1997). · cites it 2× “§ 511 (a) and to possess with intent to dispose of motor vehicles and parts with altered VINs in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2321 . 4 The grand jury alleged that this conspiracy lasted “[f]rom an unknown date until on or about October 21, 1991.”
United States v. Tutiven, 40 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 1994). · cites it 2× “§ 2313 , and with possessing, for sale, motor vehicles whose original VINs had been altered, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2321 . The government later dismissed thirteen counts, leaving fourteen for trial: unlawful possession of thirteen separate stolen motor vehicles, in…”
United States v. Cuba E. Hopson, 39 F.3d 795 (7th Cir. 1994). · cites it 5× “18 U.S.C. § 2321 . 5 Hopson denied operating the pick-up truck that was observed following the trailer.”
United States v. Lavandris Johnson, 56 F.3d 947 (8th Cir. 1995). “A § 2322 (criminalizing the operations of a “chop shop,” specifically defined as a place where persons engage in concealing and dismantling any stolen “passenger motor vehicle or passenger motor vehicle part”).”
United States v. All Assets of G.P.S. Auto. Corp., 66 F.3d 483 (2d Cir. 1995). · cites it 3× “It based its forfeiture demand on alleged violations of the statutes prohibiting trafficking in vehicles or parts with tampered VINs, see 18 U.S.C. § 2321 , and money laundering, see 18 U.”
United States v. Ronald B. Evans, 27 F.3d 1219 (7th Cir. 1994). “Count 4 alleged that Evans possessed a 1991 GMC Jimmy with intent to sell it knowing that the Vehicle Identification Number (“VIN”) had been unlawfully altered in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2321 and 2. Count 5 charged Evans with knowingly and unlawfully altering the VIN of the…”
United States v. Tommy Asher, 178 F.3d 486 (7th Cir. 1999). “See 18 U.S.C. § 2321 . . See 18 U.S.C. § 2312 .”
United States v. Robey, 831 F.3d 857 (7th Cir. 2016). “On December 29, 2014, the government moved to dismiss nineteen of the twenty-five counts in the indictment, reducing the charges against Robey to six remaining counts — four counts of trafficking in vehicles with altered VINs, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2321 ; and two counts of…”
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