18 U.S.C. § 2332b
Acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries
Section 1365(g)(3), referred to in subsec. (g)(3), was redesignated section 1365(h)(3) by Pub. L. 107–307, § 2(1),
Section 1010A of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act, referred to in subsec. (g)(5)(B)(iv), is classified to section 960a of Title 21, Food and Drugs.
2015—Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 114–23 substituted “2280a (relating to maritime safety), 2281 through 2281a” for “2281” and inserted “2332i (relating to acts of nuclear terrorism),” before “2339 (relating to harboring terrorists)”.
2008—Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 110–326 substituted “1030(a)(5)(A) resulting in damage as defined in 1030(c)(4)(A)(i)(II) through (VI)” for “1030(a)(5)(A)(i) resulting in damage as defined in 1030(a)(5)(B)(ii) through (v)”.
2006—Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 109–177, §§ 110(b)(3)(A), 112(a)(1), (b), substituted “1992 (relating to terrorist attacks and other acts of violence against railroad carriers and against mass transportation systems on land, on water, or through the air),” for “1992 (relating to wrecking trains), 1993 (relating to terrorist attacks and other acts of violence against mass transportation systems),” and “terrorism), 2339D (relating to military-type training from a foreign terrorist organization), or 2340A” for “terrorism, or 2340A”.
Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 109–177, § 112(a)(2)–(4), added cl. (iv).
2004—Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–458, § 6908(1), inserted “175c (relating to variola virus),” after “175 or 175b (relating to biological weapons),” and “2332g (relating to missile systems designed to destroy aircraft), 2332h (relating to radiological dispersal devices),” before “2339 (relating to harboring terrorists)”.
Pub. L. 108–458, § 6803(c)(3), inserted “832 (relating to participation in nuclear and weapons of mass destruction threats to the United States)” after “831 (relating to nuclear materials),”.
Pub. L. 108–458, § 6603(a)(1), inserted “1361 (relating to government property or contracts),” after “1203 (relating to hostage taking),” and “2156 (relating to national defense material, premises, or utilities),” after “2155 (relating to destruction of national defense materials, premises, or utilities),”.
Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 108–458, § 6908(2), substituted “sections 92 (relating to prohibitions governing atomic weapons) or” for “section” and inserted “2122 or” before “2284”.
2002—Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 107–197 inserted “2332f (relating to bombing of public places and facilities),” after “2332b (relating to acts of terrorism transcending national boundaries),” and “2339C (relating to financing of terrorism,” after “2339B (relating to providing material support to terrorist organizations),”.
2001—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–56, § 808(1), inserted “and any violation of section 351(e), 844(e), 844(f)(1), 956(b), 1361, 1366(b), 1366(c), 1751(e), 2152, or 2156 of this title,” before “and the Secretary”.
Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(i) to (iii). Pub. L. 107–56, § 808(2), added cls. (i) to (iii) and struck out former cls. (i) to (iii), inserting references to sections 175b, 229, 1030, 1993, and 2339 of this title and striking out references to 1361, 2152, 2156, 2332c of this title in cl. (i) and inserting references to sections 46504, 46505, and 46506 of title 49 in cl. (iii).
1996—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(s)(1), struck out “any of the offenders uses” before “the mail or any facility” and inserted “is used” after “foreign commerce”.
Subsec. (g)(5)(B)(i). Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(s)(3), inserted “930(c),” before “956 (relating to conspiracy to injure property of a foreign government)”, “1992,” before “2152 (relating to injury of fortifications, harbor defenses, or defensive sea areas)”, and “2332c,” before “2339A (relating to providing material support to terrorists)”.
Pub. L. 108–458, title VI, § 6603(g),
For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of
Pub. L. 114–23, title VIII, § 811(c),
For extension of territorial sea of United States, see Proc. No. 5928, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 218
cases (56 in the last 5 years), 1997–2026 · leading case: United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003).
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
United States v. Randy Graham, 275 F.3d 490 (6th Cir. 2001). “Section 101 contains generally the same language of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, but did not provide a definition of an act of terrorism.”
United States v. Awan, 607 F.3d 306 (2d Cir. 2010). “Application Note 1 provides that the term “federal crime of terrorism” is defined by “the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5),” which provides a two-part definition.”
United States v. Douglas Wright, 747 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2014). “Page 7 phrase “federal crime of terrorism,” the guidelines provision directs us to 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5). See § 3A1.4, cmt.”
United States v. Stewart, 590 F.3d 93 (2d Cir. 2009). “The application notes incorporate 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5) by reference. See id.”
United States v. Salim, 549 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2008). “In so holding, the district court’s decision culminated in the following conclusions: From the plain text of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, the following is clear: 1.”
United States v. Arnaout, Enaam M., 431 F.3d 994 (7th Cir. 2005). “Finally, we find that a defendant need not have been convicted of a federal crime of terrorism as defined by 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(B) for the district court to consider whether to apply the terrorism sentencing enhancement pursuant to U.”
United States v. Ansberry, 976 F.3d 1108 (10th Cir. 2020). “; see also 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5). Mr. Ansberry argued the terrorism enhancement was not applicable because he did not intend to retaliate against the police but instead acted only to remind the public about the plight of his 9 friend, because his actions did not meet the…”
United States v. Imran Mandhai, 375 F.3d 1243 (11th Cir. 2004). “Mandhai’s felony involved or was intended to promote a federal crime of terrorism as defined in 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(A) and (B). There was evidence that he was an organizer.”
United States v. Stephen John Jordi, 418 F.3d 1212 (11th Cir. 2005). “4 only applies to “federal crimes of terrorism” and that the definition of a “federal crime of terrorism,” as incorporated from 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, 1 includes the requirement *1216 that the defendant’s conduct has “transcended national boundaries.”
United States v. Harris, 434 F.3d 767 (5th Cir. 2005). “Harris objected, arguing among other things that he did not intend to promote a federal crime of terrorism, his conduct did not transcend national boundaries, and he was not charged with violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, the terrorism statute.”
United States v. Joseph Simms, 914 F.3d 229 (4th Cir. 2019). “§ 1031 (b)(2) (imposing heightened penalties for fraud offenses that “involve[] a conscious or reckless risk of serious personal injury”); 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(1)(B) (punishing certain “conduct” that “creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury”).”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(9) — 1 case
Petty v. Bono (N.D.N.Y. 2022).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a) — 2 cases
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
United States v. Hamdan, 801 F. Supp. 2d 1247 (M.C. 2011).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(1) — 3 cases
Al-Aulaqi v. Panetta, 35 F. Supp. 3d 56 (D.D.C. 2014).
United States v. Wright, 937 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2019).
United States v. Smith (10th Cir. 2026).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(1)(A) — 1 case
Samuel Love v. Mark G. Stainbrook (C.D. Cal. 2022).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(1)(B) — 10 cases
United States v. Joseph Simms, 914 F.3d 229 (4th Cir. 2019). “§ 1031 (b)(2) (imposing heightened penalties for fraud offenses that “involve[] a conscious or reckless risk of serious personal injury”); 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(1)(B) (punishing certain “conduct” that “creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury”).”
United States v. Davis, 139 S. Ct. 2319 (2019).
United States v. Ressam, 593 F.3d 1095 (9th Cir. 2010).
United States v. Ressam, 679 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2012).
United States v. Ahmed Ressam, 629 F.3d 793 (9th Cir. 2010).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(2) — 13 cases
United States v. Moussaoui, 591 F.3d 263 (4th Cir. 2010).
United States v. Wright, 937 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2019).
United States v. Zacarias Moussaoui, A/K/A Shaqil, A/K/A Abu Khalid Al Sahrawi, Ctr. for Nat'l Sec. Studies, Amicus Supporting, 382 F.3d 453 (4th Cir. 2004).
New York Times Co. v. United States Dep't of Just., 915 F. Supp. 2d 508 (S.D.N.Y. 2013).
United States v. Moussaoui, 333 F.3d 509 (4th Cir. 2003).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(l) — 2 cases
United States v. Umar Abdulmutallab, 739 F.3d 891 (6th Cir. 2014).
United States v. Salim, 549 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2008). “In so holding, the district court’s decision culminated in the following conclusions: From the plain text of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, the following is clear: 1.”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(a)(l)(B) — 5 cases
United States v. Ressam, 593 F.3d 1095 (9th Cir. 2010).
United States v. Ressam, 679 F.3d 1069 (9th Cir. 2012).
United States v. Ahmed Ressam, 629 F.3d 793 (9th Cir. 2010).
Haouari v. United States, 429 F. Supp. 2d 671 (S.D.N.Y. 2006).
United States v. Nesgoda, 199 F. App'x 114 (3rd Cir. 2006).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(b) — 2 cases
United States v. Christianson, 586 F.3d 532 (7th Cir. 2009).
United States v. Katherine Christianson (7th Cir. 2009).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(b)(l)(C) — 1 case
United States v. DeAmaris, 406 F. Supp. 2d 748 (S.D. Tex. 2005).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(c) — 1 case
United States v. Wright, 937 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2019).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(c)(1)(B) — 1 case
Samuel Love v. Mark G. Stainbrook (C.D. Cal. 2022).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(c)(1)(a) — 1 case
United States v. Servando Alvarado-Casas, 715 F.3d 945 (5th Cir. 2013).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(c)(1)(g) — 1 case
Johnson v. Ramsey Cnty. ADC (D. Minnesota 2023).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(c)(G) — 1 case
United States v. Garey, 383 F. Supp. 2d 1374 (M.D. Ga. 2005).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(e) — 1 case
United States v. Hamdan, 801 F. Supp. 2d 1247 (M.C. 2011).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(f) — 4 cases
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
United States v. Salim, 549 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2008). “In so holding, the district court’s decision culminated in the following conclusions: From the plain text of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, the following is clear: 1.”
United States v. Salim (2d Cir. 2008).
People of Michigan v. Wilson Thompson Byczek (Mich. Ct. App. 2021).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g) — 13 cases
United States v. Randy Graham, 275 F.3d 490 (6th Cir. 2001). “Section 101 contains generally the same language of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, but did not provide a definition of an act of terrorism.”
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
United States v. Tankersley, 537 F.3d 1100 (9th Cir. 2008).
United States v. Jayyousi, 657 F.3d 1085 (11th Cir. 2011).
United States v. Christopher Hasson, 26 F.4th 610 (4th Cir. 2022).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(1) — 2 cases
Angel Colon v. Twitter, Inc., 14 F.4th 1213 (11th Cir. 2021).
United States v. Salim (2d Cir. 2008).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(3) — 1 case
Nezirovic v. Holt, 990 F. Supp. 2d 606 (W.D. Va. 2014).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5) — 107 cases
United States v. Randy Graham, 275 F.3d 490 (6th Cir. 2001). “Section 101 contains generally the same language of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, but did not provide a definition of an act of terrorism.”
United States v. Stewart, 590 F.3d 93 (2d Cir. 2009). “The application notes incorporate 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5) by reference. See id.”
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
United States v. Benkahla, 530 F.3d 300 (4th Cir. 2008).
United States v. Harris, 434 F.3d 767 (5th Cir. 2005). “Harris objected, arguing among other things that he did not intend to promote a federal crime of terrorism, his conduct did not transcend national boundaries, and he was not charged with violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, the terrorism statute.”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(A) — 51 cases
United States v. Randy Graham, 275 F.3d 490 (6th Cir. 2001). “Section 101 contains generally the same language of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, but did not provide a definition of an act of terrorism.”
United States v. Awan, 607 F.3d 306 (2d Cir. 2010). “Application Note 1 provides that the term “federal crime of terrorism” is defined by “the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5),” which provides a two-part definition.”
United States v. Douglas Wright, 747 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2014). “Page 7 phrase “federal crime of terrorism,” the guidelines provision directs us to 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5). See § 3A1.4, cmt.”
United States v. Ansberry, 976 F.3d 1108 (10th Cir. 2020). “; see also 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5). Mr. Ansberry argued the terrorism enhancement was not applicable because he did not intend to retaliate against the police but instead acted only to remind the public about the plight of his 9 friend, because his actions did not meet the…”
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(B) — 63 cases
United States v. Randy Graham, 275 F.3d 490 (6th Cir. 2001). “Section 101 contains generally the same language of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, but did not provide a definition of an act of terrorism.”
United States v. Arnaout, Enaam M., 431 F.3d 994 (7th Cir. 2005). “Finally, we find that a defendant need not have been convicted of a federal crime of terrorism as defined by 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(B) for the district court to consider whether to apply the terrorism sentencing enhancement pursuant to U.”
United States v. Awan, 607 F.3d 306 (2d Cir. 2010). “Application Note 1 provides that the term “federal crime of terrorism” is defined by “the meaning given that term in 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5),” which provides a two-part definition.”
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
United States v. Douglas Wright, 747 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2014). “Page 7 phrase “federal crime of terrorism,” the guidelines provision directs us to 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5). See § 3A1.4, cmt.”
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(B)(i) — 21 cases
United States v. Parr, 545 F.3d 491 (7th Cir. 2008).
United States v. Dowell, 430 F.3d 1100 (10th Cir. 2005).
United States v. Douglas Wright, 747 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2014). “Page 7 phrase “federal crime of terrorism,” the guidelines provision directs us to 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5). See § 3A1.4, cmt.”
United States v. Lei Shi, 525 F.3d 709 (9th Cir. 2008).
United States v. Ahmed Abukhatallah, 41 F.4th 608 (D.C. Cir. 2022).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(5)(B)(ii) — 2 cases
Jack Ferranti v. Warden Allenwood LSCI (3rd Cir. 2023).
Ferranti v. Warden of LSCI-Allenwood (M.D. Penn. 2021).
— 18 U.S.C. § 2332b(g)(l) — 3 cases
United States v. Salim, 287 F. Supp. 2d 250 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). “Legislative History of Section 730 of AEDPA and 18 U.S.C. § 2332b a. 3A1.4. b. House Bill H.”
United States v. Salim, 549 F.3d 67 (2d Cir. 2008). “In so holding, the district court’s decision culminated in the following conclusions: From the plain text of 18 U.S.C. § 2332b, the following is clear: 1.”
Eur. Cmty. v. RJR Nabisco, Inc., 764 F.3d 129 (2d Cir. 2014).
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