26 U.S.C. § 146
Volume cap
A private activity bond issued as part of an issue meets the requirements of this section if the aggregate face amount of the private activity bonds issued pursuant to such issue, when added to the aggregate face amount of tax-exempt private activity bonds previously issued by the issuing authority during the calendar year, does not exceed such authority’s volume cap for such calendar year.
The volume cap for any agency of the State authorized to issue tax-exempt private activity bonds for any calendar year shall be 50 percent of the State ceiling for such calendar year.
If more than 1 agency of the State is authorized to issue tax-exempt private activity bonds, all such agencies shall be treated as a single agency.
For purposes of paragraph (1)(A), if an area is within the jurisdiction of 2 or more governmental units, such area shall be treated as only within the jurisdiction of the unit having jurisdiction over the smallest geographical area unless such unit agrees to surrender all or part of such jurisdiction for such calendar year to the unit with overlapping jurisdiction which has the next smallest geographical area.
The volume cap for any constitutional home rule city for any calendar year shall be determined under paragraph (1) of subsection (c) by substituting “100 percent” for “50 percent”.
In the case of any State which contains 1 or more constitutional home rule cities, for purposes of applying subsections (b) and (c) with respect to issuing authorities in such State other than constitutional home rule cities, the State ceiling for any calendar year shall be reduced by the aggregate volume caps determined for such year for all constitutional home rule cities in such State.
For purposes of this section, the term “constitutional home rule city” means, with respect to any calendar year, any political subdivision of a State which, under a State constitution which was adopted in 1970 and effective on
If the population of any possession of the United States for any calendar year is less than the population of the least populous State (other than a possession) for such calendar year, the limitation under paragraph (1)(A) shall not be less than the amount determined under subparagraph (B) for such calendar year.
Any amount of the State ceiling for any State which is attributable to an increase under this paragraph shall be allocated solely for one or more qualified housing issues.
Except as provided in paragraph (3), a State may, by law provide a different formula for allocating the State ceiling among the governmental units (or other authorities) in such State having authority to issue tax-exempt private activity bonds.
Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (3), the Governor of any State may proclaim a different formula for allocating the State ceiling among the governmental units (or other authorities) in such State having authority to issue private activity bonds.
Except as otherwise provided in a State constitutional amendment (or law changing the home rule provision adopted in the manner provided by the State constitution), the authority provided in this subsection shall not apply to that portion of the State ceiling which is allocated to any constitutional home rule city in the State unless such city agrees to such different allocation.
If any issuing authority elects a carryforward under paragraph (1) with respect to any carryforward purpose, any private activity bonds issued by such authority with respect to such purpose during the 3 calendar years following the calendar year in which the carryforward arose shall not be taken into account under subsection (a) to the extent the amount of such bonds does not exceed the amount of the carryforward elected for such purpose.
Carryforwards elected with respect to any purpose shall be used in the order of the calendar years in which they arose.
Any election under this paragraph (and any identification or specification contained therein), once made, shall be irrevocable.
Only for purposes of this section, the term “private activity bond” shall not include any exempt facility bond described in section 142(a)(6) which is issued as part of an issue if all of the property to be financed by the net proceeds of such issue is to be owned by a governmental unit.
In determining ownership for purposes of paragraph (1), section 142(b)(1)(B) shall apply, except that a lease term shall be treated as satisfying clause (ii) thereof if it is not more than 20 years.
The term “private activity bond” shall not include any bond which is issued to refund another bond to the extent that the amount of such bond does not exceed the outstanding amount of the refunded bond.
For purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3), average maturity shall be determined in accordance with section 147(b)(2)(A).
This subsection shall not apply to any bond issued to advance refund another bond.
If, during the 6-month period beginning on the date of a repayment of a loan financed by an issue 95 percent or more of the net proceeds of which are used to provide projects described in section 142(d), such repayment is used to provide a new loan for any project so described, any bond which is issued to refinance such issue shall be treated as a refunding issue to the extent the principal amount of such refunding issue does not exceed the principal amount of the bonds refunded.
For purposes of this section, determinations of the population of any State (or issuing authority) shall be made with respect to any calendar year on the basis of the most recent census estimate of the resident population of such State (or issuing authority) released by the Bureau of Census before the beginning of such calendar year.
Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), no portion of the State ceiling applicable to any State for any calendar year may be used with respect to financing for a facility located outside such State.
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any exempt facility bond described in paragraph (4), (5), (6), or (10) of section 142(a) if the issuer establishes that the State’s share of the use of the facility (or its output) will equal or exceed the State’s share of the private activity bonds issued to finance the facility.
In the case of a qualified scholarship funding bond, such bond shall be treated for purposes of this section as issued by a State or local issuing authority (whichever is appropriate).
The volume cap of an issuer shall be reduced by the amount allocated by the issuer to an issue under section 141(b)(5).
Except as otherwise provided by the Secretary, any advance refunding of any part of an issue to which an amount was allocated under section 141(b)(5) (or would have been allocated if such section applied to such issue) shall be taken into account under this section to the extent of the amount of the volume cap which was (or would have been) so allocated.
For inflation adjustment of certain items in this section, see Revenue Procedures listed in a table under section 1 of this title.
2021—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–58, § 80401(c)(2), substituted “Paragraphs (4) and (5)” for “Paragraph (4)” in concluding provisions.
Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 117–58, § 80401(c)(1), added par. (5).
Subsec. (g)(6). Pub. L. 117–58, § 80402(c), added par. (6).
2017—Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–97 substituted “for ‘calendar year 2016’ in subparagraph (A)(ii)” for “for ‘calendar year 1992’ in subparagraph (B)”.
2008—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 110–289, § 3021(a)(1), added par. (5).
Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 110–289, § 3021(a)(2), added par. (6).
Subsec. (i)(6). Pub. L. 110–289, § 3007(a), added par. (6).
2005—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “(14), or (15) of section 142(a), and” for “or (14) of section 142(a) (relating to airports, docks and wharves, environmental enhancements of hydroelectric generating facilities, qualified public educational facilities, and qualified green building and sustainable design projects), and”.
2004—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 108–357 substituted “(13), or (14)” for “or (13)” and “qualified public educational facilities, and qualified green building and sustainable design projects” for “and qualified public educational facilities”.
2001—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 107–16 substituted “(12), or (13)” for “or (12)” and “environmental enhancements of hydroelectric generating facilities, and qualified public educational facilities” for “and environmental enhancements of hydroelectric generating facilities”.
2000—Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 106–554 amended pars. (1) and (2) generally. Prior to amendment, pars. (1) and (2) provided for State ceilings based on the per capita limits and aggregate limits set out in an included table.
1998—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–277 added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “The State ceiling applicable to any State for any calendar year shall be the greater of—
“(A) an amount equal to $75 multiplied by the State population, or
“(B) $250,000,000.
Subparagraph (B) shall not apply to any possession of the United States.”
Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105–277 added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: “In the case of calendar years after 1987, paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting—
“(A) ‘$50’ for ‘$75’, and
“(B) ‘$150,000,000’ for ‘$250,000,000’.”
1993—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–66, which directed the amendment of par. (4) by adding at the end thereof the following flush sentence: “Paragraph (4) shall be applied without regard to ‘75 percent of’ if all of the property to be financed by the net proceeds of the issue is to be owned by a governmental unit (within the meaning of section 142(b)(1)).”, was executed by inserting the sentence at the end of subsec. (g), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
1992—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 102–486 substituted “, (2), or (12)” for “or (2)” and “, docks and wharves, and environmental enhancements of hydroelectric generating facilities” for “and docks and wharves”.
1989—Subsec. (g)(3), (4). Pub. L. 101–239 redesignated par. (3), relating to exempt facility bonds issued as part of an issue described in par. (11) of section 142(a), as (4).
1988—Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(40), substituted “respect to a” for “respect a”.
Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(9), amended subpar. (A) generally, as in effect before amendment by Pub. L. 100–203. Before amendment by Pub. L. 100–203, subpar. (A) read as follows: “the purpose of issuing bonds referred to in one of the clauses of section 141(d)(1)(A),”.
Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 100–647, § 6180(b)(3), added par. (3) relating to exempt facility bonds issued as part of an issue described in par. (11) of section 142(a).
Subsec. (i)(2)(A). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(28)(A), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “the maturity date of the bond to be refunded, or”.
Subsec. (i)(3)(A). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(28)(B), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: “the maturity date of the bond to be refunded, or”.
Subsec. (i)(4), (5). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(28)(C), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).
Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(10)(A), substituted “paragraphs (2) and (3)” for “paragraph (2)”.
Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(10)(B), added par. (3).
1987—Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 100–203 amended subpar. (A) generally, as amended by Pub. L. 100–647, § 1013(a)(9), restating it without change. See 1988 Amendment note above.
Amendment by section 80401(c) of Pub. L. 117–58 applicable to obligations issued in calendar years beginning after
Amendment by section 80402(c) of Pub. L. 117–58 applicable to obligations issued after
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–97 applicable to taxable years beginning after
Amendment by section 3007(a) of Pub. L. 110–289 applicable to repayments of loans received after
Amendment by section 3021(a) of Pub. L. 110–289 applicable to bonds issued after
Amendment by Pub. L. 109–59 applicable to bonds issued after
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to bonds issued after
Amendment by Pub. L. 107–16 applicable to bonds issued after
Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title I, § 161(b)],
Pub. L. 105–277, div. J, title II, § 2021(b),
Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, § 13121(b),
Amendment by Pub. L. 102–486 applicable to bonds issued after
Amendment by Pub. L. 101–239 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988, Pub. L. 100–647, to which such amendment relates, see section 7817 of Pub. L. 101–239, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
Amendment by section 1013(a)(9), (10), (28), (40) of Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.
Amendment by section 6180(b)(3) of Pub. L. 100–647 applicable to bonds issued after
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–203 applicable, with certain exceptions, to bonds issued after