30 U.S.C. § 181

Lands subject to disposition; persons entitled to benefits; reciprocal privileges; helium rights reserved

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Deposits of coal, phosphate, sodium, potassium, oil, oil shale, gilsonite (including all vein-type solid hydrocarbons), or gas, and lands containing such deposits owned by the United States, including those in national forests, but excluding lands acquired under the Appalachian Forest Act, approved March 1, 1911 (36 Stat. 961), and those in incorporated cities, towns, and villages and in national parks and monuments, those acquired under other Acts subsequent to February 25, 1920, and lands within the naval petroleum and oil-shale reserves, except as hereinafter provided, shall be subject to disposition in the form and manner provided by this chapter to citizens of the United States, or to associations of such citizens, or to any corporation organized under the laws of the United States, or of any State or Territory thereof, or in the case of coal, oil, oil shale, or gas, to municipalities. Citizens of another country, the laws, customs, or regulations of which deny similar or like privileges to citizens or corporations of this country, shall not by stock ownership, stock holding, or stock control, own any interest in any lease acquired under the provisions of this chapter.

The term “oil” shall embrace all nongaseous hydrocarbon substances other than those substances leasable as coal, oil shale, or gilsonite (including all vein-type solid hydrocarbons).

The term “combined hydrocarbon lease” shall refer to a lease issued in a special tar sand area pursuant to section 226 of this title after November 16, 1981.

The term “special tar sand area” means (1) an area designated by the Secretary of the Interior’s orders of November 20, 1980 (45 FR 76800–76801) and January 21, 1981 (46 FR 6077–6078) as containing substantial deposits of tar sand.

The United States reserves the ownership of and the right to extract helium from all gas produced from lands leased or otherwise granted under the provisions of this chapter, under such rules and regulations as shall be prescribed by the Secretary of the Interior: Provided further, That in the extraction of helium from gas produced from such lands it shall be so extracted as to cause no substantial delay in the delivery of gas produced from the well to the purchaser thereof, and that extraction of helium from gas produced from such lands shall maintain the lease as if the extracted helium were oil and gas.

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 269 cases (15 in the last 5 years), 1930–2025 · leading case: Watt v. Alaska, 451 U.S. 259 (1981).

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Watt v. Alaska, 451 U.S. 259 (1981). · cites it 4× “[1] Pursuant to authority under the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, 30 U. S. C. § 181 et seq., the Secretary of the Interior issued oil and gas leases for the Kenai Moose Range, beginning in the mid-1950's.”

W. Org. v. Ryan Zinke, 892 F.3d 1234 (D.C. Cir. 2018). · cites it 4× “EDWARDS, Senior Circuit Judge: The Mineral Leasing Act, 30 U.S.C. § 181 et seq. (2012), and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, 43 U.”

Lujan v. Nat'l Wildlife Fed'n, 497 U.S. 871 (1990). · cites it 2× “437 , as amended, 30 U. S. C. § 181 et seq. (Mineral Leasing Act of 1920).”

Amoco Prod. Co. v. Vill. of Gambell, 480 U.S. 531 (1987). · cites it 2× “Section 1008(a) requires the Secretary to "establish, pursuant to the Mineral [Lands] Leasing Act of 1920, as amended [ 30 U. S. C. § 181 et seq. (1982 ed. and Supp.”

S. Utah Wilderness All. v. Palma, 707 F.3d 1143 (10th Cir. 2013). · cites it 3× “See 30 U.S.C. §§ 181 , 226; 43 C.F.R. § 3140.”

Boyle v. United Tech. Corp., 487 U.S. 500 (1988). · cites it 2× “*521 The same was true in Wallis , which also involved a Government contract a lease issued by the United States to a private party under the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920, 30 U. S. C. § 181 et seq. (1982 ed. and Supp.”

Andrus v. Shell Oil Co., 446 U.S. 657 (1980). · cites it 4× “437 , as amended, 30 U. S. C. § 181 et seq. The Act withdrew oil shale and several other minerals from the general mining law and provided that thereafter these minerals would be subject to disposition only through leases.”

Commonwealth Edison Co. v. Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981). · cites it 2× “437 , 30 U. S. C. § 181 et seq. (1976 ed. and Supp.”

United States Forest Serv. v. Cowpasture River Pres. Assn., 140 S. Ct. 1837 (2020). · cites it 2× “* *1841 We granted certiorari in these consolidated cases to decide whether the United States Forest Service has authority under the Mineral Leasing Act, 30 U.S.C. § 181 et seq. , to grant rights-of-way through lands within national forests traversed by the Appalachian Trail.”

Udall v. Tallman, 380 U.S. 1 (1965). · cites it 2× “437 , 30 U. S. C. § 181 et seq. (1958 ed.), gave the Secretary of the Interior broad power to issue oil and gas leases on public lands not within any known geological structure of a producing oil and gas field.”

Gulf Oil Corp. v. Wyoming Oil & Gas Conservation Comm'n, 693 P.2d 227 (Wyo. 1985). · cites it 4× “Since federally owned minerals are involved, the Mineral Lands Leasing Act of 1920, 30 U.S.C. § 181 et seq., and associated regulations promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior, 43 C.”

Tosco Corp. v. Hodel, 611 F. Supp. 1130 (D. Colo. 1985). · cites it 4× “Mineral Lands Leasing Act, 30 U.S.C. § 181 et seq., § 21 et seq. and § 28.”

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