30 U.S.C. § 820

Penalties

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(a) Civil penalty for violation of mandatory health or safety standards (1) The operator of a coal or other mine in which a violation occurs of a mandatory health or safety standard or who violates any other provision of this chapter, shall be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary which penalty shall not be more than $50,000 for each such violation. Each occurrence of a violation of a mandatory health or safety standard may constitute a separate offense.(2) The operator of a coal or other mine who fails to provide timely notification to the Secretary as required under section 813(j) of this title (relating to the 15 minute requirement) shall be assessed a civil penalty by the Secretary of not less than $5,000 and not more than $60,000.(3)(A) The minimum penalty for any citation or order issued under section 814(d)(1) of this title shall be $2,000.(B) The minimum penalty for any order issued under section 814(d)(2) of this title shall be $4,000.(4) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prevent an operator from obtaining a review, in accordance with section 816 of this title, of an order imposing a penalty described in this subsection. If a court, in making such review, sustains the order, the court shall apply at least the minimum penalties required under this subsection.(b) Civil penalty for failure to correct violation for which citation has been issued(1) Any operator who fails to correct a violation for which a citation has been issued under section 814(a) of this title within the period permitted for its correction may be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $$5,000 11 So in original. for each day during which such failure or violation continues.(2) Violations under this section that are deemed to be flagrant may be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $220,000. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “flagrant” with respect to a violation means a reckless or repeated failure to make reasonable efforts to eliminate a known violation of a mandatory health or safety standard that substantially and proximately caused, or reasonably could have been expected to cause, death or serious bodily injury.(c) Liability of corporate directors, officers, and agents

Whenever a corporate operator violates a mandatory health or safety standard or knowingly violates or fails or refuses to comply with any order issued under this chapter or any order incorporated in a final decision issued under this chapter, except an order incorporated in a decision issued under subsection (a) or section 815(c) of this title, any director, officer, or agent of such corporation who knowingly authorized, ordered, or carried out such violation, failure, or refusal shall be subject to the same civil penalties, fines, and imprisonment that may be imposed upon a person under subsections (a) and (d).

(d) Criminal penalties

Any operator who willfully violates a mandatory health or safety standard, or knowingly violates or fails or refuses to comply with any order issued under section 814 of this title and section 817 of this title, or any order incorporated in a final decision issued under this subchapter, except an order incorporated in a decision under subsection (a)(1) or section 815(c) of this title, shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $250,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both, except that if the conviction is for a violation committed after the first conviction of such operator under this chapter, punishment shall be by a fine of not more than $500,000, or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or both.

(e) Unauthorized advance notice of inspections

Unless otherwise authorized by this chapter, any person who gives advance notice of any inspection to be conducted under this chapter shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than six months, or both.

(f) False statements, representations, or certifications

Whoever knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or certification in any application, record, report, plan, or other document filed or required to be maintained pursuant to this chapter shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or both.

(g) Violation by miners of safety standards relating to smoking

Any miner who willfully violates the mandatory safety standards relating to smoking or the carrying of smoking materials, matches, or lighters shall be subject to a civil penalty assessed by the Commission, which penalty shall not be more than $250 for each occurrence of such violation.

(h) Equipment falsely represented as complying with statute, specification, or regulations

Whoever knowingly distributes, sells, offers for sale, introduces, or delivers in commerce any equipment for use in a coal or other mine, including, but not limited to, components and accessories of such equipment, which is represented as complying with the provisions of this chapter, or with any specification or regulation of the Secretary applicable to such equipment, and which does not so comply, shall, upon conviction, be subject to the same fine and imprisonment that may be imposed upon a person under subsection (f) of this section.

(i) Authority to assess civil penalties

The Commission shall have authority to assess all civil penalties provided in this chapter. In assessing civil monetary penalties, the Commission shall consider the operator’s history of previous violations, the appropriateness of such penalty to the size of the business of the operator charged, whether the operator was negligent, the effect on the operator’s ability to continue in business, the gravity of the violation, and the demonstrated good faith of the person charged in attempting to achieve rapid compliance after notification of a violation. In proposing civil penalties under this chapter, the Secretary may rely upon a summary review of the information available to him and shall not be required to make findings of fact concerning the above factors.

(j) Payment of penalties; interest

Civil penalties owed under this chapter shall be paid to the Secretary for deposit into the Treasury of the United States and shall accrue to the United States and may be recovered in a civil action in the name of the United States brought in the United States district court for the district where the violation occurred or where the operator has its principal office. Interest at the rate of 8 percent per annum shall be charged against a person on any final order of the Commission, or the court. Interest shall begin to accrue 30 days after the issuance of such order.

(k) Compromise, mitigation, and settlement of penalty

No proposed penalty which has been contested before the Commission under section 815(a) of this title shall be compromised, mitigated, or settled except with the approval of the Commission. No penalty assessment which has become a final order of the Commission shall be compromised, mitigated, or settled except with the approval of the court.

(l) Inapplicability to black lung benefit provisions

The provisions of this section shall not be applicable with respect to subchapter IV of this chapter.

(Pub. L. 91–173, title I, § 110, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 95–164, title II, § 201, Nov. 9, 1977, 91 Stat. 1311; Pub. L. 101–508, title III, § 3102, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–29; Pub. L. 109–236, § 5(b), § 8(a), June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 498, 500; Pub. L. 109–280, title XIII, § 1301, Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 1108.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (c) to (f), and (h) to (j), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 91–173, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 742, known as the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of this title and Tables.

Amendments

2006—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–280, § 1301(2), substituted “(1) The operator” for “(1)(1) The operator” in par. (1), substituted “subsection (a)(1)” for “paragraph (1)” in par. (2), relating to criminal penalties, and redesignated that par. as subsec. (d).

Pub. L. 109–236, § 8(a)(1), inserted “(1)” after subsec. heading, added par. (2), relating to criminal penalties, and added pars. (3) and (4).

Pub. L. 109–236, § 5(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2), relating to civil penalties.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–280, § 1301(3), inserted par. (1) and (2) designations.

Pub. L. 109–236, § 8(a)(2), inserted at end “Violations under this section that are deemed to be flagrant may be assessed a civil penalty of not more than $220,000. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term ‘flagrant’ with respect to a violation means a reckless or repeated failure to make reasonable efforts to eliminate a known violation of a mandatory health or safety standard that substantially and proximately caused, or reasonably could have been expected to cause, death or serious bodily injury.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–280, § 1301(2)(B)(ii), redesignated subsec. (a)(2), relating to criminal penalties, as (d).

Pub. L. 109–280, § 1301(1), struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: “Any operator who willfully violates a mandatory health or safety standard, or knowingly violates or fails or refuses to comply with any order issued under section 814 of this title and section 817 of this title, or any order incorporated in a final decision issued under this subchapter, except an order incorporated in a decision under subsection (a) of this section or section 815(c) of this title, shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $25,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both, except that if the conviction is for a violation committed after the first conviction of such operator under this chapter, punishment shall be by a fine of not more than $50,000, or by imprisonment for not more than five years, or both.”

1990—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508, § 3102(1), substituted “$50,000” for “$10,000”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–508, § 3102(2), substituted “$5,000” for “1,000”.

1977—Pub. L. 95–164 substituted provisions setting the civil and criminal penalties with regard to violations of this chapter for provisions relating to claims of idled miners, which provisions, as revised, were transferred to section 821 of this title.

Statutory Notes and Related SubsidiariesEffective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–164 effective 120 days after Nov. 9, 1977, except as otherwise provided, see section 307 of Pub. L. 95–164, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

Effective Date

Section operative 90 days after Dec. 30, 1969, except to the extent an earlier date is specifically provided for in Pub. L. 91–173, see section 509 of Pub. L. 91–173, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

Regulations

Pub. L. 109–236, § 8(b), June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 501, provided that: “Not later than December 30, 2006, the Secretary of Labor shall promulgate final regulations with respect to penalties.”

Notes of Decisions

Cited in 129 cases (16 in the last 5 years), 1974–2026 · leading case: United States v. Darlene Turner, United States of Am. v. Dennis Turner, 102 F.3d 1350 (4th Cir. 1996).

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United States v. Darlene Turner, United States of Am. v. Dennis Turner, 102 F.3d 1350 (4th Cir. 1996). · cites it 19× “§ 371 and 30 U.S.C. § 820 (f) of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 (“Act”).”

Thunder Basin Coal Co. v. Reich, 510 U.S. 200 (1994). · cites it 6× “627; 30 U. S. C. §§ 820 (j) and 818(a). Assessment of civil penalties was made mandatory for all mines, and Congress expressly eliminated the power of a mine operator to challenge a final penalty assessment de novo in district court.”

United States v. Donald Blankenship, 846 F.3d 663 (4th Cir. 2017). · cites it 4× “On appeal, Defendant argues that the district court: (1) erroneously concluded that the Superseding Indictment sufficiently alleged a violation of Section 820(d); (2) improperly denied Defendant the opportunity to engage in re-cross examination of an alleged co-conspirator; (3)…”

Dist. 6, United Mine Workers of Am. v. United States Dep't of the Interior Bd. of Mine Operations Appeals, 562 F.2d 1260 (D.C. Cir. 1977). · cites it 9× “Under 30 U.S.C. § 820 , 4 coal miners idled by a closure order are entitled to pay for the rest of the shift *1262 and up to four hours of the next shift, 5 and they may also receive up to a week’s pay, “[i]f a coal mine or area of a coal mine is closed by an order issued under…”

United States v. Wrw Corp., Roger Richardson Noah Woolum & William Woolum, 986 F.2d 138 (6th Cir. 1993). · cites it 6× “30 U.S.C. §§ 820 (a), 820(i). The defendants argue that the purpose of the Act’s civil penalty provisions is wholly punitive, so that a civil penalty under the Act constitutes an impermissible second punishment when used following a criminal conviction for the same conduct.”

Gateway Coal Co. v. United Mine Workers, 414 U.S. 368 (1974). · cites it 4× “" Compensation of miners laid off by closed mines is provided, § 110 (a), 30 U. S. C. § 820 (a); and miners are protected against discharge or other discrimination by protests they have made against the operations by testimony they have given.”

United States v. Wells, 519 U.S. 482 (1997). · cites it 2× “§ 666 (g) (penalizing false statement in health and safety report required under this chapter); 30 U. S. C. § 820 (penalizing false statement in document required under subchapter governing mine safety and health); 30 U.”

Consolidation Coal Co. v. Fed. Mine Saf. & Health Review Comm'n, Coal Emp. Proj., United Mine Workers of Am., Intervenors, 824 F.2d 1071 (D.C. Cir. 1987). · cites it 6× “30 U.S.C. § 820 (a). In addition, if a violation is not abated within the allotted time, the Secretary must issue a withdrawal order requiring the removal of all miners from the area of the mine affected by the violation until the violation is abated.”

United States v. Kyle Jones, United States of Am. v. Gary Neil, 735 F.2d 785 (4th Cir. 1984). · cites it 2× “Jones and Neil were convicted under 30 U.S.C. § 820 (c) (1982) as agents of corporate coal mine operators who "knowingly authorized, ordered, or carried out” violations of the safety standards.”

SEC v. Jarkesy, 603 U.S. 109 (2024). “§ 666 ( j) (Occupa- tional Safety and Health Review Commission); 30 U. S. C. §§ 820 (a) and (b) (Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission); 31 U.”

Freeman United Coal Mining Co. v. Fed. Mine Saf. & Health Review Comm'n & Sec'y of Labor, 108 F.3d 358 (D.C. Cir. 1997). · cites it 3× “” Under section 110(a) of the Mine Act, 30 U.S.C. § 820 (a)- (1994), the operator of a coal mine faces strict liability for any violation of a mandatory safety standard.”

Coal Emp. Proj. v. Elizabeth Hanford Dole, in Her Capacity as Sec'y of Labor, United States Dep't of Labor, 889 F.2d 1127 (D.C. Cir. 1989). · cites it 4× “Petitioners contend that the phrase “appropriateness of such penalty,” 30 U.S.C. § 820 (i) (emphasis added), and the description of the six penalty factors as “those upon which the Secretary shall propose a civil penalty,” S.”

Show all 129 citing cases →

— 30 U.S.C. § 820(b)(2) — 1 case

Franklin Phillips v. Interior Bd. of Mine Operations Appeals, Bituminous Coaloperators' Ass'n & Kentucky Carbon Corp., Intervenors, 500 F.2d 772 (D.C. Cir. 1974).

— 30 U.S.C. § 820(f) — 1 case

United States v. Turner (4th Cir. 1996).

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