U.S. Code » Title 42 » Chapter CHAPTER 139— VOLUNTEER PROTECTION

42 U.S.C. § 14505

Definitions

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For purposes of this chapter:(1) Economic loss

The term “economic loss” means any pecuniary loss resulting from harm (including the loss of earnings or other benefits related to employment, medical expense loss, replacement services loss, loss due to death, burial costs, and loss of business or employment opportunities) to the extent recovery for such loss is allowed under applicable State law.

(2) Harm

The term “harm” includes physical, nonphysical, economic, and noneconomic losses.

(3) Noneconomic losses

The term “noneconomic losses” means losses for physical and emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, physical impairment, mental anguish, disfigurement, loss of enjoyment of life, loss of society and companionship, loss of consortium (other than loss of domestic service), hedonic damages, injury to reputation and all other nonpecuniary losses of any kind or nature.

(4) Nonprofit organizationThe term “nonprofit organization” means—(A) any organization which is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such title and which does not practice any action which constitutes a hate crime referred to in subsection (b)(1) of the first section of the Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note); 11 See References in Text note below. or(B) any not-for-profit organization which is organized and conducted for public benefit and operated primarily for charitable, civic, educational, religious, welfare, or health purposes and which does not practice any action which constitutes a hate crime referred to in subsection (b)(1) of the first section of the Hate Crime Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note).1(5) State

The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision of any such State, territory, or possession.

(6) VolunteerThe term “volunteer” means an individual performing services for a nonprofit organization or a governmental entity who does not receive—(A) compensation (other than reasonable reimbursement or allowance for expenses actually incurred); or(B) any other thing of value in lieu of compensation,in excess of $500 per year, and such term includes a volunteer serving as a director, officer, trustee, or direct service volunteer.(Pub. L. 105–19, § 6, June 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 221.)Editorial NotesReferences in Text

The first section of the Hate Crime Statistics Act, referred to in par. (4), is Pub. L. 101–275, § 1, Apr. 23, 1990, 104 Stat. 140, which was set out in a note under section 534 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, prior to editorial reclassification as section 41305 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 9 cases (5 in the last 5 years), 2015–2025 · leading case: Andrew Meyer v. Beta Tau House Corp., Beta Tau of Sigma Pi, Sigma Pi Fraternity Int'l, Inc., & Quentin Calder, 31 N.E.3d 501 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015).
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Andrew Meyer v. Beta Tau House Corp., Beta Tau of Sigma Pi, Sigma Pi Fraternity Int'l, Inc., & Quentin Calder, 31 N.E.3d 501 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). “42 U.S.C. § 14505 (6). Furthermore, when drafting and mailing the Letter, Calder was acting in the scope of his responsibilities as President of the House Corporation.”
Waschle v. Winter Sports, Inc., 127 F. Supp. 3d 1090 (D. Mont. 2015). “]” 42 U.S.C. § 14505 (6). An individual generally qualifies as a “volunteer” if he is not compensated.”
Kelly-Leppert v. United States (Fed. Cl. 2021). · cites it 2× “at 1 (citing 42 U.S.C. § 14505 and 17 C.F.R. § 205.2 ); Reply at 2 (citing, for example, 32 C.”
J.R.R. v. City of Fredericksburg (W.D. Tex. 2021). · cites it 2× “§ 1983 , as well as violations of the Public Health and Welfare Act, 42 U.S.C. § 14505 . J.R.R. filed her initial complaint on December 21, 2020.”
Williams v. OMES Risk Mgmt. (W.D. Okla. 2024). · cites it 2× “§ 1983 , • 42 U.S.C. § 14505 , • 42 U.S.C. § 1981 (a), and • 47 U.”
Ray Basaldua v. George Farinacci, Ladona Farinacci & Jim House (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 3× “7, 13 42 USC § 14505 ..........................”
Ray Basaldua v. George Farinacci, Ladona Farinacci & Jim House (Tex. App. 2015). · cites it 2× “6 See 42 USC § 14505 . Definitions. For purposes of this chapter, the term "harm" includes physical, nonphysical, economic, and non-economic losses.”
Richard-Allerdyce v. Union Inst. & Univ. (S.D. Ohio 2024). “42 U.S.C. § 14505 (6). “Although a court may grant a motion to dismiss founded upon the assertion of an affirmative defense [such as invoking the VPA], it may do so only if all of the facts necessary to establish the defense are contained within the complaint itself.”
New Mexico Horsemen's Ass'n v. Sunray Gaming of New Mexico, LLC (D.N.M. 2025). “”12 42 U.S.C. § 14505 (6). Further, the Racetracks allege that 12 Jenson and Alfortish attached tax forms to their reply brief indicating that they received no monetary compensation from NMHA.”
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