Vt. Stat. Ann. » Title 13 Chapter 53
Vermont Statutes Annotated

Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303 (2026)

✓ current as of May 2026
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(Cite as: 13 V.S.A. § 2303)
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 70 cases (9 in the last 5 years), 1962–2026 · leading case: State v. Jeffrey M. Ray, 2019 VT 51 (Vt. 2019).
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State v. Jeffrey M. Ray, 2019 VT 51 (Vt. 2019). · cites it 9× “), § 2 (amending 13 V.S.A. § 2303 and adding § 2303(g)). 2 Abuse of discretion is a less deferential standard of review than plain error.”
State v. White, 2007 VT 113 (Vt. 2007). · cites it 9× “We affirm the trial court decisions rejecting full retroactivity of the Provost decision and upholding defendants' sentences. ¶ 2. A brief recitation of the facts is sufficient for our analysis.”
State v. White, 782 A.2d 1187 (Vt. 2001). · cites it 6× “First, it found that the murder was committed while the defendant was engaged in the commission of, or attempted commission of, a felony — in this case, assault and robbery.”
State v. Provost, 896 A.2d 55 (Vt. 2005). · cites it 5× “The statute under which defendant was convicted and sentenced, 13 V.S.A. § 2303, states in relevant part: (a) The punishment for murder in the first degree shall be imprisonment for life and for a minimum term of 35 years unless the court finds that there are aggravating or…”
State v. Corliss, 721 A.2d 438 (Vt. 1998). · cites it 7× “Defendant lastly claims error in the court’s application of the guidelines for sentencing individuals convicted of murder set forth in 13 V.S.A. § 2303. He maintains that the court erred by (1) finding the murder of the victim “particularly severe, brutal or cruel,” 13 V.”
State v. Gibney, 2003 VT 26 (Vt. 2003). · cites it 4× “” 13 V.S.A. § 2303(d)(6). He argues that the trial court erred in using the definition of “victim” set forth in 13 V.”
State v. Ovitt, 2005 VT 74 (Vt. 2005). · cites it 4× “Defendant appeals, contending that the trial court erred in excluding testimony about one of the victim’s prior violent acts, and that the sentencing procedure in 13 V.S.A. § 2303 is unconstitutional. We affirm.”
State v. Baird, 2006 VT 86 (Vt. 2006). · cites it 4× “There, we held 13 V.S.A. § 2303 unconstitutional because it required the sentencing court to weigh aggravating and mitigating factors not found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt in deciding whether to give a sentence greater than the presumptive *258 sentence set forth in the…”
State v. Yoh, 910 A.2d 853 (Vt. 2006). · cites it 2× “After the jury convicted appellant of first-degree murder, the district court conducted a weighing of aggravating and mitigating factors pursuant to 13 V.S.A. § 2303. The court found multiple aggravating factors, including the “particularly brutal and cruel” nature of the…”
State v. Higgins, 592 S.W.2d 151 (Mo. 1979). · cites it 2× “§ 76-5-202 and 76-3-206; Vermont, Vt.Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303; Washington, Wash.”
State v. Butson, 2008 VT 134 (Vt. 2008). · cites it 4× “Under the new statute, persons convicted of murders committed before May 1, 2006 have a right to have aggravating and mitigating factors found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt before a sentence above the statutory maximum can be imposed. Id. As noted, defendant’s crime…”
State v. McDonald, 661 S.W.2d 497 (Mo. 1983). · cites it 2× “Vt.Stat.Ann. tit. 13 § 2303 (Cum.Supp.1983) [No relevant aggravating circumstance.”
Show all 70 citing cases →
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(a) — 9 cases
State v. Provost, 896 A.2d 55 (Vt. 2005). “The statute under which defendant was convicted and sentenced, 13 V.S.A. § 2303, states in relevant part: (a) The punishment for murder in the first degree shall be imprisonment for life and for a minimum term of 35 years unless the court finds that there are aggravating or…”
State v. White, 2007 VT 113 (Vt. 2007). “We affirm the trial court decisions rejecting full retroactivity of the Provost decision and upholding defendants' sentences. ¶ 2. A brief recitation of the facts is sufficient for our analysis.”
State v. Passino, 577 A.2d 281 (Vt. 1990).
In Re Plante, 762 A.2d 873 (Vt. 2000).
State v. Bacon, 733 A.2d 50 (Vt. 1999).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(a)(1)(A) — 2 cases
State v. Rooney, 2011 VT 14 (Vt. 2011).
State v. Rooney (Vt. 2011).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(a)(1)(B) — 1 case
State v. Jody Herring, 212 A.3d 636 (Vt. 2019).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(a)(2) — 3 cases
State v. Melissa Robitille, 213 A.3d 437 (Vt. 2019).
State of Vermont v. Randall Swartz (Vt. 2024).
State v. Courtney Samplatsky (Vt. 2026).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(a)(2)(A) — 2 cases
State v. Christopher P. Sullivan, 200 A.3d 670 (Vt. 2018).
State v. Devac, 2015 VT 28 (Vt. 2010).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(b) — 13 cases
State v. Jeffrey M. Ray, 2019 VT 51 (Vt. 2019). “), § 2 (amending 13 V.S.A. § 2303 and adding § 2303(g)). 2 Abuse of discretion is a less deferential standard of review than plain error.”
State v. Ovitt, 2005 VT 74 (Vt. 2005). “Defendant appeals, contending that the trial court erred in excluding testimony about one of the victim’s prior violent acts, and that the sentencing procedure in 13 V.S.A. § 2303 is unconstitutional. We affirm.”
State v. White, 2007 VT 113 (Vt. 2007). “We affirm the trial court decisions rejecting full retroactivity of the Provost decision and upholding defendants' sentences. ¶ 2. A brief recitation of the facts is sufficient for our analysis.”
State v. Verrinder, 637 A.2d 1382 (Vt. 1993).
State v. White, 782 A.2d 1187 (Vt. 2001). “First, it found that the murder was committed while the defendant was engaged in the commission of, or attempted commission of, a felony — in this case, assault and robbery.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(c) — 9 cases
State v. Jeffrey M. Ray, 2019 VT 51 (Vt. 2019). “), § 2 (amending 13 V.S.A. § 2303 and adding § 2303(g)). 2 Abuse of discretion is a less deferential standard of review than plain error.”
State v. White, 782 A.2d 1187 (Vt. 2001). “First, it found that the murder was committed while the defendant was engaged in the commission of, or attempted commission of, a felony — in this case, assault and robbery.”
State v. Corliss, 721 A.2d 438 (Vt. 1998). “Defendant lastly claims error in the court’s application of the guidelines for sentencing individuals convicted of murder set forth in 13 V.S.A. § 2303. He maintains that the court erred by (1) finding the murder of the victim “particularly severe, brutal or cruel,” 13 V.”
State v. Grega, 721 A.2d 445 (Vt. 1998).
State v. Cong., 2014 VT 129 (Vt. 2014).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d) — 13 cases
State v. Baird, 2006 VT 86 (Vt. 2006). “There, we held 13 V.S.A. § 2303 unconstitutional because it required the sentencing court to weigh aggravating and mitigating factors not found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt in deciding whether to give a sentence greater than the presumptive *258 sentence set forth in the…”
State v. Jeffrey M. Ray, 2019 VT 51 (Vt. 2019). “), § 2 (amending 13 V.S.A. § 2303 and adding § 2303(g)). 2 Abuse of discretion is a less deferential standard of review than plain error.”
State v. Provost, 896 A.2d 55 (Vt. 2005). “The statute under which defendant was convicted and sentenced, 13 V.S.A. § 2303, states in relevant part: (a) The punishment for murder in the first degree shall be imprisonment for life and for a minimum term of 35 years unless the court finds that there are aggravating or…”
State v. Grega, 721 A.2d 445 (Vt. 1998).
State v. White, 782 A.2d 1187 (Vt. 2001). “First, it found that the murder was committed while the defendant was engaged in the commission of, or attempted commission of, a felony — in this case, assault and robbery.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(1) — 1 case
State v. Gundlah, 702 A.2d 52 (1997).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(1)(B) — 1 case
In re: Ellen Ducharme (Vt. Super. Ct. 2012).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(4) — 1 case
State v. Kelley, 664 A.2d 708 (Vt. 1995).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(5) — 3 cases
State v. Yoh, 910 A.2d 853 (Vt. 2006). “After the jury convicted appellant of first-degree murder, the district court conducted a weighing of aggravating and mitigating factors pursuant to 13 V.S.A. § 2303. The court found multiple aggravating factors, including the “particularly brutal and cruel” nature of the…”
State v. Corliss, 721 A.2d 438 (Vt. 1998). “Defendant lastly claims error in the court’s application of the guidelines for sentencing individuals convicted of murder set forth in 13 V.S.A. § 2303. He maintains that the court erred by (1) finding the murder of the victim “particularly severe, brutal or cruel,” 13 V.”
State v. Bacon, 733 A.2d 50 (Vt. 1999).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(6) — 3 cases
State v. Gibney, 2003 VT 26 (Vt. 2003). “” 13 V.S.A. § 2303(d)(6). He argues that the trial court erred in using the definition of “victim” set forth in 13 V.”
C. Paige Hinkson v. Stuart Stevens, 2020 VT 69 (Vt. 2020).
State v. Gibney, 2005 VT 3 (Vt. 2005).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(7) — 2 cases
State v. Washington, 669 A.2d 550 (Vt. 1995).
State v. Washington, 669 A.2d 550 (Vt. 1995).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(8) — 2 cases
State v. White, 782 A.2d 1187 (Vt. 2001). “First, it found that the murder was committed while the defendant was engaged in the commission of, or attempted commission of, a felony — in this case, assault and robbery.”
State v. Verrinder, 637 A.2d 1382 (Vt. 1993).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(d)(l) — 2 cases
State v. White, 782 A.2d 1187 (Vt. 2001). “First, it found that the murder was committed while the defendant was engaged in the commission of, or attempted commission of, a felony — in this case, assault and robbery.”
State v. Corliss, 721 A.2d 438 (Vt. 1998). “Defendant lastly claims error in the court’s application of the guidelines for sentencing individuals convicted of murder set forth in 13 V.S.A. § 2303. He maintains that the court erred by (1) finding the murder of the victim “particularly severe, brutal or cruel,” 13 V.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(e) — 1 case
State v. Verrinder, 637 A.2d 1382 (Vt. 1993).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(e)(2) — 1 case
In Re Washington, 2003 VT 98 (Vt. 2003).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(e)(5) — 1 case
State v. Daley, 2006 VT 5 (Vt. 2006).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(f) — 1 case
In re: Ellen Ducharme (Vt. Super. Ct. 2012).
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(g) — 1 case
State v. Jeffrey M. Ray, 2019 VT 51 (Vt. 2019). “), § 2 (amending 13 V.S.A. § 2303 and adding § 2303(g)). 2 Abuse of discretion is a less deferential standard of review than plain error.”
— Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 13, § 2303(g)(2) — 1 case
State v. Butson, 2008 VT 134 (Vt. 2008). “Under the new statute, persons convicted of murders committed before May 1, 2006 have a right to have aggravating and mitigating factors found by a jury beyond a reasonable doubt before a sentence above the statutory maximum can be imposed. Id. As noted, defendant’s crime…”
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