Alaska Statutes
Alaska Stat. § 45.02.316 (2026)
Exclusion or modification of warranties
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Sec. 45.02.316. Exclusion or modification of warranties.
(a) Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit warranty shall be construed where reasonable as consistent with each other; but, subject to the provisions on parol or extrinsic evidence (AS 45.02.202), negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable.
(b) Subject to (c) of this section, to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it the language must mention merchantability and in case of a writing must be conspicuous, and to exclude or modify an implied warranty of fitness the exclusion must be by a writing and conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it states, for example, that “There are no warranties which extend beyond the description on the face of this instrument.”
(c) Notwithstanding (b) of this section,
(1) unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like “as is,” “with all faults,” or other language that in common understanding calls the buyer's attention to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty; and
(2) when the buyer, before entering into the contract, has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as the buyer desired or has refused to examine the goods, there is no implied warranty with regard to defects that an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed to the buyer; and
(3) an implied warranty can also be excluded or modified by course of dealing or course of performance or usage of trade.
(d) Remedies for breach of warranty can be limited in accordance with the provisions on liquidation or limitation of damages and on contractual modification of remedy (AS 45.02.718 and 45.02.719).
(e) Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness are not applicable to a contract for the sale of human blood, blood plasma or other human tissue or organs from a blood bank or reservoir of tissue or organs. The blood, blood plasma, tissue, or organs may not, for the purposes of this chapter, be considered commodities subject to sale or barter, but shall be considered medical services.
(a) Words or conduct relevant to the creation of an express warranty and words or conduct tending to negate or limit warranty shall be construed where reasonable as consistent with each other; but, subject to the provisions on parol or extrinsic evidence (AS 45.02.202), negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable.
(b) Subject to (c) of this section, to exclude or modify the implied warranty of merchantability or any part of it the language must mention merchantability and in case of a writing must be conspicuous, and to exclude or modify an implied warranty of fitness the exclusion must be by a writing and conspicuous. Language to exclude all implied warranties of fitness is sufficient if it states, for example, that “There are no warranties which extend beyond the description on the face of this instrument.”
(c) Notwithstanding (b) of this section,
(1) unless the circumstances indicate otherwise, all implied warranties are excluded by expressions like “as is,” “with all faults,” or other language that in common understanding calls the buyer's attention to the exclusion of warranties and makes plain that there is no implied warranty; and
(2) when the buyer, before entering into the contract, has examined the goods or the sample or model as fully as the buyer desired or has refused to examine the goods, there is no implied warranty with regard to defects that an examination ought in the circumstances to have revealed to the buyer; and
(3) an implied warranty can also be excluded or modified by course of dealing or course of performance or usage of trade.
(d) Remedies for breach of warranty can be limited in accordance with the provisions on liquidation or limitation of damages and on contractual modification of remedy (AS 45.02.718 and 45.02.719).
(e) Implied warranties of merchantability and fitness are not applicable to a contract for the sale of human blood, blood plasma or other human tissue or organs from a blood bank or reservoir of tissue or organs. The blood, blood plasma, tissue, or organs may not, for the purposes of this chapter, be considered commodities subject to sale or barter, but shall be considered medical services.
Notes of Decisions
Cited in 8
cases (1 in the last 5 years), 1982–2023 · leading case: Cryolife, Inc. v. Superior Court, 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 6635 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003).
Cryolife, Inc. v. Superior Court, 2003 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 6635 (Cal. Ct. App. 2003). “This document was not part of the record below and is not judicially noticeable under Evidence Code sections 451 or 452.”
Roberts v. Suburban Hosp. Ass'n, Inc., 532 A.2d 1081 (Md. Ct. Spec. App. 1987). “Code § 7-2-314 (4) (1984); Alaska Stat. § 45.02.316 (e) (1986); Ark.”
Roe v. Miles Labs., Inc., 740 F. Supp. 740 (D. Alaska 1989). “In 1968, the legislature of the State of Alaska amended AS 45.02.316, a part of the sales chapter of the Alaska version of the Uniform Commercial Code, so as to add the following language which is not a part of the official text of the Uniform Commercial Code: (e) Implied…”
Samson v. Greenville Hosp. Sys., 368 S.E.2d 665 (S.C. 1988). “Code § 7-2-314 (4) (1984); Alaska Stat. § 45.02.316 (e) (1986); Ariz.”
Weishorn v. Miles-Cutter, 721 A.2d 811 (Pa. Super. Ct. 1998). “Code § 7-2-314(4) (1984); Alaska Stat. § 45.02.316 (e) (1994); Ariz.”
Hayes v. Bering Sea Reindeer Prods., 983 P.2d 1280 (Alaska 1999). “202) negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable.”
Bendix Home Sys., Inc. v. Jessop, 644 P.2d 843 (Alaska 1982). “314(a), which provides in part that [u]nless excluded or modified (AS 45.02.316), a warrant that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind.”
Hyter v. Freedom Arms, Inc. (D. Alaska 2023). “144 Alaska Stat. § 45.02.316 (b). manual’s limited warranty provision, Freedom Arms provided that its “written limited warranty is made expressly in lieu of any other warrants, express or implied, including any implied warranty of merchantability of fitness for a particular…”
— Alaska Stat. § 45.02.316(a) — 1 case
Hayes v. Bering Sea Reindeer Prods., 983 P.2d 1280 (Alaska 1999). “202) negation or limitation is inoperative to the extent that such construction is unreasonable.”
— Alaska Stat. § 45.02.316(e) — 1 case
Roe v. Miles Labs., Inc., 740 F. Supp. 740 (D. Alaska 1989). “In 1968, the legislature of the State of Alaska amended AS 45.02.316, a part of the sales chapter of the Alaska version of the Uniform Commercial Code, so as to add the following language which is not a part of the official text of the Uniform Commercial Code: (e) Implied…”
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