Arkansas Code Annotated

Ark. Code Ann. § 4-2-105 (2026)

Definitions — Transferability — “Goods” — “Future” goods — “Lot” — “Commercial unit”

✓ current as of May 2026
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  1. “Goods” means all things (including specially manufactured goods) which are moveable at the time of identification to the contract for sale other than the money in which the price is to be paid, investment securities (Chapter 8 of this title) and things in action. “Goods” also includes the unborn young of animals and growing crops and other identified things attached to realty as described in the section on goods to be severed from realty (§ 4-2-107).
  2. Goods must be both existing and identified before any interest in them can pass. Goods which are not both existing and identified are “future” goods. A purported present sale of future goods or of any interest therein operates as a contract to sell.
  3. There may be a sale of a part interest in existing identified goods.
  4. An undivided share in an identified bulk of fungible goods is sufficiently identified to be sold although the quantity of the bulk is not determined. Any agreed proportion of such a bulk or any quantity thereof agreed upon by number, weight or other measure may to the extent of the seller's interest in the bulk be sold to the buyer who then becomes an owner in common.
  5. “Lot” means a parcel or a single article which is the subject matter of a separate sale or delivery, whether or not it is sufficient to perform the contract.
  6. “Commercial unit” means such a unit of goods as by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or in use. A commercial unit may be a single article (as a machine) or a set of articles (as a suite of furniture or an assortment of sizes) or a quantity (as a bale, gross, or carload) or any other unit treated in use or in the relevant market as a single whole.

History. Acts 1961, No. 185, § 2-105; A.S.A. 1947, § 85-2-105.

Research References

ALR.

What Constitutes “Future Goods” Within Scope of U.C.C. Article 2. 48 A.L.R.6th 475.

Electricity, Gas, or Water Furnished by Public Utility or Alternative Supplier as “Goods” Within Provisions of Uniform Commercial Code, Article 2 on Sales. 97 A.L.R.6th 1 (2014).

Ark. L. Notes.

Looney, The Toothless Cow, the Little Bull That Couldn't, and Udder Matters: Livestock Warranties and the Uniform Commercial Code, 1990 Ark. L. Notes 75.

Case Notes

Commercial Unit.

Forty-pound carton of frozen chicken constituted a commercial unit because division of the product did not materially impair its character or value on the market or in use. Grand State Mktg. v. Eastern Poultry Distribs., 63 Ark. App. 123, 975 S.W.2d 439 (1998).

Cited: Robertson v. Ceola, 255 Ark. 703, 501 S.W.2d 764 (1973); In re Estate of Spann, 257 Ark. 857, 520 S.W.2d 286 (1975); Unlaub Co. v. Sexton, 568 F.2d 72 (8th Cir. 1977); Herrick v. Robinson, 267 Ark. 576, 595 S.W.2d 637 (1980); Ralston Purina Co. v. McCollum, 271 Ark. 840, 611 S.W.2d 201 (1981); Walt Bennett Ford, Inc. v. Dyer, 4 Ark. App. 354, 631 S.W.2d 312 (1982); Montwood Corp. v. Hot Springs Theme Park Corp., 766 F.2d 359 (8th Cir. 1985).

Notes of Decisions
Cited in 7 cases (3 in the last 5 years), 1998–2025 · leading case: Nat'l Hydro-Vac Indus. Servs., L.L.C. v. Fed. Signal Corp. (In Re Nat'l Hydro-Vac Indus. Servs., L.L.C.), 314 B.R. 753 (Bankr. E.D. Ark. 2004).
Nat'l Hydro-Vac Indus. Servs., L.L.C. v. Fed. Signal Corp. (In Re Nat'l Hydro-Vac Indus. Servs., L.L.C.), 314 B.R. 753 (Bankr. E.D. Ark. 2004). · cites it 2× “Ark.Code Ann. § 4-2-105(l)(Michie 1991). The two units sold to Vac-Tech qualify as “goods” under the statute.”
Ramthun v. Bryan Career Coll.-Inc., 93 F. Supp. 3d 1011 (W.D. Ark. 2015). · cites it 2× “Ark.Code § 4-2-105. Plaintiffs have not provided the Court with any authority — and the Court has not found any while conducting its own rigorous analysis — for classifying higher education as a “good.”
Engelhardt v. Rogers Grp., Inc., 132 F. Supp. 2d 757 (E.D. Ark. 2001). · cites it 2× “” See *760 Ark.Code Ann. § 4-2-105(1). "Tangible objects” are items which can be held, seized, transported or otherwise moved.”
Grand State Mktg. v. E. Poultry Distributors, Inc., 975 S.W.2d 439 (Ark. Ct. App. 1998). · cites it 2× “” A “commercial unit” is defined in Ark. Code Ann. § 4-2-105 (6) (Repl. 1991) as follows: “Commercial unit” means such a unit of goods as by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or…”
Church on the Rock - Texarkana v. Ace Signs of Arkansas, LLC, 2025 Ark. App. 35 (Ark. Ct. App. 2025). · cites it 2× ““Goods” means all things (including specially manufactured goods) which are moveable at the time of identification to the contract for sale other than the money in which the price is to be paid, investment securities (Chapter 8 of this title) and things in action. “Goods” also…”
Pepper Source, LTD. v. Ozone LLC (W.D. Ark. 2023). “§ 4-2-102 (the UCC applies to goods); § 4-2-105 (defining goods as “all things (including specially manufactured goods) which are moveable at the time of identification to the contract for sale”).”
Lynch v. Leeco Steel LLC (W.D. Ark. 2023). “” § 4-2-105. To be merchantable, goods must (a) pass without objection in the trade under the contract description; and (b) in the case of fungible goods, are of fair average quality within the description; and (c) are fit for the ordinary purposes for which such goods are used;…”
— Ark. Code Ann. § 4-2-105(1) — 1 case
Engelhardt v. Rogers Grp., Inc., 132 F. Supp. 2d 757 (E.D. Ark. 2001). “” See *760 Ark.Code Ann. § 4-2-105(1). "Tangible objects” are items which can be held, seized, transported or otherwise moved.”
— Ark. Code Ann. § 4-2-105(l) — 1 case
Nat'l Hydro-Vac Indus. Servs., L.L.C. v. Fed. Signal Corp. (In Re Nat'l Hydro-Vac Indus. Servs., L.L.C.), 314 B.R. 753 (Bankr. E.D. Ark. 2004). “Ark.Code Ann. § 4-2-105(l)(Michie 1991). The two units sold to Vac-Tech qualify as “goods” under the statute.”
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