green
Positive treatment
2.3 score
Treatment trajectory · 1973 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1973
1999
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 4 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "see"
Spangler v. Pasadena City Board Of Education
Accord, Allen v. State Board of Education, 55 F.R.D. 350, 352 (M.D.N.C.1972), aff'd mem., 473 F.2d 906 (4th Cir. 1973); see Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565 , 95 S.Ct. 729 , 42 L.Ed.2d 725 (1975); Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 , 89 S.Ct. 733 , 21 L.Ed.2d 731 (1969); Ybarra v. City of San Jose, 503 F.2d 1041, 1044 (9th Cir. 1974) ('causal relationship between (school segregation) and the alleged discriminatory administration of the zoning ordinances is not so attenuated as to deny standing to at least the minor appellants.'). 3 Thus, even assuming that John…
discussed
Cited "see"
Spangler ex rel. Spangler v. Pasadena City Board of Education
Accord, Allen v. State Board of Education, 55 F.R.D. 350, 352 (M.D.N.C.1972), aff’d mem., 473 F.2d 906 (4th Cir. 1973); see Goss v. Lopez, 419 U.S. 565 , 95 S.Ct. 729 , 42 L.Ed.2d 725 (1975); Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 393 U.S. 503 , 89 S.Ct. 733 , 21 L.Ed.2d 731 (1969); Ybarra v. City of San Jose, 503 F.2d 1041, 1044 (9th Cir. 1974) (“causal relationship between [school segregation] and the alleged discriminatory administration of the zoning ordinances is not so attenuated as to deny standing to at least the minor appellants.”). 3 Thus, even assuming tha…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hill v. Commonwealth
Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243 , 89 S.Ct. 1709, 1712 , 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969) (holding that an appellate court “cannot presume a waiver of ... [the defendant’s] rights from a silent record”); see also Stokes v. Slayton, 340 F.Supp. 190, 192 (W.D.Va.1972) (holding that, in order for a guilty plea to withstand constitutional scrutiny, the trial record must affirmatively show that guilty plea was entered freely and intelligently), aff 'd, 473 F.2d 906 (4th Cir.1973); Bridgers v. Commonwealth, 211 Va. 370, 371 , 177 S.E.2d 526, 527-28 (1970) (noting that Boykin “established a new rule…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Beck v. Angelone
Consequently, if the record affirmatively shows the plea was intelligently and voluntarily entered, “that is enough.” Id.; see also Stokes v. Slayton, 340 F.Supp. 190, 192 (W.D.Va.1972), aff'd, 473 F.2d 906 (4th Cir.1973) (“no particular ritual is required in order- for the trial court to determine the plea is made voluntary and with the understanding of its nature and consequences”).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
United States
v.
Downing
v.
Downing
72-2028.
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
Jan 11, 1973.
473 F.2d 906
Published
U. S.
v.
Downing
72-2028
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS Fourth Circuit
1/11/73
1
E.D.Val.
AFFIRMED