United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640 (3rd Cir. 1987). · Go Syfert
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640 (3rd Cir. 1987). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
91 citation events (68 in the last 25 years) across 30 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: United States v. Gelley (flsd, 2022-08-05)
Treatment trajectory · 1987 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1987 2006 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) United States v. Gelley (2×) also: Cited "see"
S.D. Fla. · 2022 · signal: see · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
ourts have consistently ruled that the government's cause of action accrues when the government pays the lender.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Foremost Signature Insurance Company v. Silverboys, LLC
S.D. Fla. · 2021 · signal: see also · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim.
discussed Cited as authority (verbatim quote) Produce Pay, Inc. v. Agrosale, Inc. (2×) also: Cited as authority (rule)
S.D. Fla. · 2021 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence high
rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Sutton National Insurance Company v. Antoniette Scarda; Antoniette Scarda v. CSI of Suffolk, Inc.
S.D. Fla. · 2026 · signal: cf. · confidence medium
“Impleader, or third party practice, is only available when the third party defendant’s liability is secondary to, or a derivative of, the original defendant’s liability on the original plaintiff’s claim.” Faser v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 674 F.2d 856, 860 (11th Cir. 1982); cf. United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987) (holding that third-party practice “does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim.”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Montileone Properties, LLC v. AAMCO Transmissions, LLC
E.D. Mo. · 2025 · confidence medium
“Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” Mattes v. ABC Plastics, Inc., 323 F.3d 695, 698 (8th Cir. 2003) (quoting United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) McKinney v. Principal Financial Services Inc
N.D. Ala. · 2025 · confidence medium
Fla. 2021) (citing U.S. v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) BURTON v. United States
M.D. Ga. · 2025 · confidence medium
LEGAL STANDARD Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 14(a)(1) allows for a defending party to implead a third party “who is or may be liable to it for all or part of the claim against it.” The Eleventh Circuit interprets Rule 14 as allowing impleader when the “third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” U.S. v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987) (per curiam).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Center for Biological Diversity v. U.S. Department of the Interior
S.D. Fla. · 2023 · confidence medium
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Lorenzo Esteva v. UBS Financial Services Inc.
11th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
Under the doctrine of cumulative finality, a “premature no- tice of appeal is valid if filed from an order dismissing a claim or party and followed by a subsequent final judgment without a new notice of appeal being filed.” Robinson, 798 F.2d at 1385 ; accord Govern v. Meese, 811 F.2d 1405, 1408 (11th Cir. 1987) (subsequent voluntary dismissal of remaining defendant following dismissal of other defendants vested us with jurisdiction); United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 642 (11th Cir. 1987) (subsequent entry of summary judgment as to claims against remaining defendant cured prematu…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Frederick Henry v. Okeechobee County Sheriff's Office
11th Cir. · 2023 · confidence medium
Under the doctrine of cumulative finality, “a premature notice of appeal is valid if it is filed from an order dismissing a claim or party, and is followed by a subsequent final judgment, even without a new no- tice of appeal being filed.” Jimenez-Morales v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 821 F.3d 1307, 1309 (11th Cir. 2016); accord Robinson v. Tanner, 798 F.2d 1378, 1385 (11th Cir. 1986); United States v. Olvarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 642 (11th Cir. 1987); Govern v. Meese, 811 F.2d 1405, 1408 (11th Cir. 1987); Kramer v. Unitas, 831 F.2d 994, 997 (11th Cir. 1987); Fehlhaber v. Fehlhaber, 941 F.2d 1484 , 1…
cited Cited as authority (rule) Whitaker Marine Group LLC v. Dauphin Marine Management LLC
W.D. Ky. · 2022 · confidence medium
Co. v. Cooper Tire & Rubber Co., 512 F.3d 800, 805 (6th Cir. 2008) (citing United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Susshine v. Costco Wholesale Corporation
M.D. Fla. · 2022 · confidence medium
“Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” U.S. v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Susshine v. Costco Wholesale Corporation
M.D. Fla. · 2022 · confidence medium
“Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” U.S. v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Linda's Leather, LLC v. Zambrano
E.D. Ky. · 2022 · confidence medium
Contrast secondary or derivative liability with that forbidden by Rule 14(a). “[A] defendant’s claim against a third-party defendant cannot simply be an independent or related claim, but must be based upon the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant.” American Zurich, 512 F.3d at 805 ; United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Bluhm v. Wyndham Destinations Inc
M.D. Fla. · 2021 · confidence medium
The Rule “allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987); see also United States v. Joe Grasso & Son, Inc., 380 F.2d 749, 751 (5th Cir.1967) (“[F]or impleader to be available the third- party defendant must be liable secondarily to the original defendant in the event that the latter is held liable to the plaintiff.” (quotation omitted)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Diamond Transportation Logistics Inc v. The Kroger Co
S.D. Ohio · 2021 · confidence medium
With that said, “[t]hird party pleading is appropriate only where the third-party defendant’s liability to the third-party plaintiff is dependent on the outcome of the main claim; one that merely arises out of the same set of facts does not allow a third-party defendant to be impleaded.” Id. (citing United States v. Olavarieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Krendl v. Intermark Transport
N.D. Ohio · 2021 · confidence medium
Correlatively, a defendant's claim against a third-party defendant cannot simply be an independent or related claim, but must be based upon the original plaintiff's claim against the defendant.” The American Zurich opinion continues: “Rule 14(a) does not allow a third-party -6- complaint to be founded on a defendant's independent cause of action against a third-party defendant, even though arising out of the same occurrence underlying plaintiff's claim, because a third-party complaint must be founded on a third party's actual or potential liability to the defendant for all or part of the p…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) The Carter-Jones Lumber Co. v. Oro RB SPE Owner, LLC
S.D. Ohio · 2021 · confidence medium
A third-party complaint “must be founded on a third-party’s actual or potential liability to the defendant for all or part of the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant.” Id. (citing United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Raines v. Steve Junge Installations, LLC
D. Minnesota · 2021 · confidence medium
A third-party defendant’s alleged liability must be “in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” Mattes v. ABC Plastics, Inc., 323 F.3d 695, 698 (8th Cir. 2003) (quoting United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Long v. Mahan
E.D. Mo. · 2021 · confidence medium
“Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” Mattes v. ABC Plastics, Inc., 323 F.3d 695, 698 (8th Cir. 2003) (quoting United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Effinger v. Birmingham Jefferson County Transit Authority
N.D. Ala. · 2020 · confidence medium
“Rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim.” United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Wells Fargo Financial Leasing, Inc. v. Tulley Automotive Group, Inc. v. CDK Global, LLC, as successor-in-interest to ADP Dealer Services, Inc.
D.N.H. · 2017 · confidence medium
Mass. Nov. 2, 2005) (quoting United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987)).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Signs for Jesus v. Pembroke
D.N.H. · 2016 · confidence medium
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987); 6 Charles Alan Wright et al., Fed.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Aurora Loan Services, LLC v. Jefferson (2×)
N.D. Ala. · 2016 · confidence medium
In United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987), the Eleventh Circuit wrote: Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Deutsche Bank National Trust Co. v. Baxter (2×)
N.D. Ala. · 2013 · confidence medium
In United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987), the Eleventh Circuit wrote: Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.
cited Cited as authority (rule) Southern Pilot Insurance v. Cecs, Inc.
N.D. Ga. · 2013 · confidence medium
Thus, the Court must now determine whether the third-party claim for breach of fiduciary duty is “in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d at 643.
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Osorio v. State Farm Bank, F.S.B. (2×) also: Cited "see"
S.D. Fla. · 2011 · confidence medium
“Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim.” United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987); see also United States v. Joe Grasso & Son, Inc., 380 F.2d 749, 751 (5th Cir.1967) (“[F]or impleader to be available!!,] the third-party defendant must be liable secondarily to the original defendant in the event that the latter is held liable to the plaintiff”).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Starnes Family Office, LLC v. McCullar
W.D. Tenn. · 2011 · confidence medium
A third-party complaint cannot “be founded on a defendant’s independent cause of action against a third-party defendant, even though arising out of the same occurrence underlying plaintiffs claim.” Id. (citing United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987)).
examined Cited as authority (rule) Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Tousa, Inc. v. Citicorp North America, Inc. (In Re Tousa, Inc.) (3×) also: Cited "see"
Bankr. S.D. Florida · 2009 · confidence medium
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987).
cited Cited as authority (rule) American Zurich v. Cooper Tire & Rubber
6th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
cited Cited as authority (rule) American Zurich Insurance v. Cooper Tire & Rubber Co.
6th Cir. · 2008 · confidence medium
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Bailey
D. Minnesota · 2007 · confidence medium
Rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim.” Mattes v. ABC Plastics, Inc., 323 F.3d 695, 698 (8th Cir.2003) (quoting United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987)).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) EDWARD J. MATTES CATHERINE MATTES NANCY WATERS v. ABC PLASTICS, INC. ERNEST STOPPELMOOR, ABC PLASTICS, INC. ERNEST STOPPELMOOR, THIRD PARTY — v. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION LLP MORTGAGE, AS ASSIGNEE OF SBA, THIRD PARTY —
3rd Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
Rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim. 5 United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987).
cited Cited as authority (rule) Mattes v. ABC Plastics, Inc.
8th Cir. · 2003 · confidence medium
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Davenport v. Neely
M.D. Ala. · 1998 · confidence medium
“Rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim.” United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 851 , 108 S.Ct. 152 , 98 L.Ed.2d 107 (1987); see also United States v. Joe Grasso & Son, Inc., 380 F.2d 749 (5th Cir.1967)(noting that impleader is only permitted where the third party’s liability,is in some way derivative of the main claim; the third party “must be ‘hable secondarily to the original defendant in the event that the la…
discussed Cited as authority (rule) City of Orange Beach v. Scottsdale Insurance
S.D. Ala. · 1996 · confidence medium
Rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim.” United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 851 , 108 S. Ct. 152 , 98 L.Ed.2d 107 (1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) LEASETEC v. Inhabitants of County of Cumberland
D. Me. · 1995 · confidence medium
One court stated, "Rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim." United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987).
discussed Cited as authority (rule) Yelin v. Carvel Corp. (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
N.M. · 1995 · confidence medium
NOTES [1] See also United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 642-43 (11th Cir.) (holding that under Florida law defendant's claim against third party for fraud and breach of contract in failing to award defendant a J.D. degree was independent of plaintiff's suit for repayment of defendant's student loans), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 851 , 108 S.Ct. 152 , 98 L.Ed.2d 107 (1987); Rozelle v. Connecticut Gen.
cited Cited as authority (rule) United States v. Henry L. Milam, W. Larue Boyce, Jr.
11th Cir. · 1988 · confidence medium
United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 644 (11th Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 152 , 98 L.Ed.2d 107 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" USBCDC Investment Fund 180, LLC v. Vosotas
S.D. Fla. · 2025 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987) (Rule 14 allows a third- party claim if the “third person’s liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim”); Faser, 674 F.2d at 860 (“In other words, if the defendant has no liability to the plaintiff, then the third party defendant has no liability to the defendant-third party plaintiff.”) In assessing whether to permit impleader, courts weigh four factors: (1) the merits of the underlying action; (2) the merits of the proposed third-party claim; (3) the potential for complicat…
cited Cited "see" A.W. v. Red Roof Inns, Inc.
S.D. Ohio · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
cited Cited "see" T.P. v. Wyndham Hotels & Resorts, Inc.
S.D. Ohio · 2024 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir. 1987).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Galen Green (2×)
8th Cir. · 2002 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.) (per curiam) (summary judgment properly granted where defendant did not deny borrowing federally insured student loan money), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 851 , 108 S.Ct. 152 , 98 L.Ed.2d 107 (1987).
discussed Cited "see" Walter Crapp v. City of Miami Beach Police Dept.
11th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 642-43 (11th Cir.1987) (holding that a second notice of appeal filed after a final judgment vested the court with jurisdiction over the entire underlying judgment.) 8 .
discussed Cited "see" Walter Crapp v. City of Miami Beach Police Dept.
11th Cir. · 2001 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 642-643 (11th Cir. 1987) (holding that a second notice of appeal filed after a final judgment vested the court with jurisdiction over the entire underlying judgment.) 5 exceptional circumstances.” Griffin v. Swim-Tech Corp., 722 F.2d 677, 680 (11th Cir. 1984) (citations omitted).
cited Cited "see" Kelley v. Troy State University
M.D. Ala. · 1996 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987).
cited Cited "see" United States v. Raymond A. MacDonald
6th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 851 (1987). 7 AFFIRMED. 1 Congress has now eliminated the November 15, 1992 "sunset date." See Pub.L.
discussed Cited "see" United States v. Ervin B. Johnson
6th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarrieta, 812 F.2d 640, 644 (11th Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 851 (1987); United States v. Robbins, 819 F.Supp. 672, 679 (E.D.Mich.1993). 6 Accordingly, the district court's judgment is affirmed.
cited Cited "see" United States v. Robbins
E.D. Mich. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See United States v. Olavarri eta, 812 F.2d 640, 643 (11th Cir.1987), cert. denied,, 484 U.S. 851 , 108 S.Ct. 152 , 98 L.Ed.2d 107 .
discussed Cited "see" Graham v. Security Savings & Loan
N.D. Ind. · 1989 · signal: see · confidence high
See, U.S. v. Olavarrieta, 632 F.Supp. 895 (S.D.Fla.1986), aff'd. 812 F.2d 640 (11th Cir.1987), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 108 S.Ct. 152 , 98 L.Ed.2d 107 (1987); U.S. v. Whitesell, 563 F.Supp. 1355, 1356 (D.S.D.1983); and U.S. v. Lujan, 520 F.Supp. 282, 283 (D.N.M. 1980).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
United States of America, Plaintiff/third-Party-Defendant/appellee
v.
Jose L. Olavarrieta, Defendant/third-Party the Board of Regents of the Division of Universities of the Florida Dept. Of Education, and the University of Florida, Third-Party
86-5113.
Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Jan 22, 1987.
812 F.2d 640
Cited by 4 opinions  |  Published

812 F.2d 640

6 Fed.R.Serv.3d 1319, 38 Ed. Law Rep. 42

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff/Third-Party-Defendant/Appellee,
v.
Jose L. OLAVARRIETA, Defendant/Third-Party Plaintiff/Appellant,
The Board of Regents of the Division of Universities of the
Florida Dept. of Education, and the University of
Florida, Third-Party Defendants/Appellees.

Nos. 86-5113, 86-5263 and 86-5303
Non-Argument Calendar.

United States Court of Appeals,
Eleventh Circuit.

Jan. 22, 1987.

Jose L. Olavarrieta, pro se.

Arthur C. Wallberg, Asst. Atty. Gen., Dept. of Legal Affairs, Tallahassee, Fla., Leon B. Kellner, U.S. Atty., Blanton B. Allen, Asst. U.S. Atty., Miami, Fla., for U.S.

Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Before GODBOLD, VANCE and JOHNSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

[*~640]1

The United States, as guarantor of Jose Olavarrieta's federally insured student loans totaling $4,000, filed suit against Olavarrieta in order to collect the unpaid balance and interest on the loans. Inter-National Bank of Miami made the loans to Olavarrieta under the Federal Insured Student Loan Program, Title IV-B of the Higher Education Act of 1965, 20 U.S.C.A. Secs. 1071-88. After Olavarrieta defaulted on the loans, the bank sought payment from the government. The government paid off Olavarrieta's liability to the bank and then sought reimbursement from Olavarrieta by filing this suit.

2

Olavarrieta filed a third party complaint against the University of Florida, claiming that it had violated the Higher Education Act of 1965 and had breached its contract with him by failing to award him a J.D. degree. Olavarrieta amended this complaint to add the Board of Regents of the Division of Universities of the Florida Department of Education as a third party defendant and to add a claim for indemnification by the third party defendants for any sums he was found to owe the government. The district court granted the University of Florida's motion to dismiss, finding that the University of Florida lacks the capacity to be sued in its own name, that service of process had been insufficient, that any claim was barred by any applicable statute of limitations, and that the complaint failed to state a claim on which relief could be granted. In a separate order, the district court granted the Board of Regents' motion to dismiss, finding that any claim was barred by the statute of limitations and that the complaint failed to state a claim on which relief could be granted. Olavarrieta immediately appealed both orders.

3

The United States moved for summary judgment, alleging that it was undisputed that Olavarrieta owed the money and that none of his defenses were applicable. Olavarrieta argued that the statute of limitations had expired. He did not contest that he had borrowed the money and signed the promissory notes therefor. The district court granted the government's motion for summary judgment but without setting an amount to which the government was entitled. Instead, the court directed the government to submit a proposed final judgment within ten days. Olavarrieta immediately appealed this order as well. After receiving the government's proposed judgment, the district court entered final judgment in favor of the United States, 632 F.Supp. 895. Olavarrieta filed a timely notice of appeal to the entry of the final judgment. All three appeals were consolidated in this proceeding.

[*~641]4

In deciding this case, we find first that this Court has jurisdiction over the appeal challenging the district court's orders dismissing the third party complaint. Admittedly the orders were not final judgments, and Olavarrieta prematurely filed the notice of appeal. However, because the orders completely dismissed the claims against the University of Florida and the Board of Regents, they were amenable to certification under Fed.R.Civ.P. 54(b). In re Yarn Processing Patent Validity Litigation, 680 F.2d 1338, 1339-40 (11th Cir.1982). Therefore, the subsequent entry of a final judgment in the case established jurisdiction in this Court without Olavarrieta having to file a new notice of appeal as to those orders. Robinson v. Tanner, 798 F.2d 1378, 1382-85 (11th Cir.1986); Jetco Electronic Industries, Inc. v. Gardiner, 473 F.2d 1228, 1229-31 (5th Cir.1973).

5

This Court also possesses jurisdiction to review the district court's order granting summary judgment in favor of the government. The order granting the government summary judgment on the issue of liability only was not a final judgment, and because it did not dispose entirely of the government's claim against Olavarrieta, it was not amenable to certification under Rule 54(b). Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. v. Wetzel, 424 U.S. 737, 742-44, 96 S.Ct. 1202, 1205-07, 47 L.Ed.2d 435 (1976). Therefore, the subsequent entry of the final judgment did not cure the premature filing of a notice of appeal regarding that order. Robinson, 798 F.2d at 1382-85; United States v. Taylor, 632 F.2d 530, 531 (5th Cir.1980). However, the notice of appeal filed after entry of the final judgment determining damages vests this Court with jurisdiction to review the grant of summary judgment even though the premature notice did not do so. McLaughlin v. City of LaGrange, 662 F.2d 1385, 1387 (11th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 979, 102 S.Ct. 2249, 72 L.Ed.2d 856 (1982).

[*~642]6

Having determined that this Court has jurisdiction, we go on to hold that the district court properly dismissed the third party complaint against the University of Florida. The capacity to be sued is determined by state law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 17(b). Under Florida law, the University of Florida is not endowed with an independent corporate existence or the capacity to be sued in its own name. Rather, those characteristics are bestowed on the Board of Regents as the head of Florida's university system. Fla.Stat.Ann. Secs. 240.2011 and 240.205(4); Byron v. University of Florida, 403 F.Supp. 49, 54 (N.D.Fla.1975). Therefore, the University of Florida is not a proper party in this action, and the district court was correct in dismissing the third party complaint asserted against it.[1]

[*643]7

The district court was also correct in dismissing the third party complaint against the Board of Regents. Olavarrieta simply has failed to state any legal or factual grounds for indemnification. Furthermore, to the extent the third party complaint seeks relief on account of the University's failure to award Olavarrieta a J.D. degree as promised, it does not set forth proper grounds for a third party claim under Fed.R.Civ.P. 14(a). Rule 14(a) allows a defendant to assert a claim against any person not a party to the main action only if that third person's liability on that claim is in some way dependent upon the outcome of the main claim. Rule 14(a) does not allow the defendant to assert a separate and independent claim even though the claim arises out of the same general set of facts as the main claim. Southeast Mortgage Company v. Mullins, 514 F.2d 747, 749-50 (5th Cir.1975); United States v. Joe Grasso & Son, Inc., 380 F.2d 749, 751-52 (5th Cir.1967). Olavarrieta's third party claim alleging breach of contract or fraud on account of the University of Florida's failure to award him a J.D. degree as promised is a separate and independent action from the government's action against him. Whether Olavarrieta is entitled to any relief on this claim is wholly independent of his liability to the government for defaulting on his student loans. Therefore, Olavarrieta has failed to state any appropriate grounds for maintaining a third party complaint against the Board of Regents.[2]

8

Olavarrieta also alleges a conspiracy between the Board of Regents and the United States to violate his civil rights. These conclusory allegations lack any factual basis and are therefore frivolous. See Fullman v. Graddick, 739 F.2d 553, 557 (11th Cir.1984) (conclusory, vague and general allegations are insufficient to support a civil rights action alleging conspiracy). Furthermore, Olavarrieta failed to raise this claim before the district court in either his answer or his third party complaint. He may not raise it for the first time on appeal. Allen v. Alabama, 728 F.2d 1384, 1387 (11th Cir.1984).

[*644]9

Finally, the district court was correct in granting summary judgment in favor of the government. As observed above, Olavarrieta did not deny that he had borrowed the federally insured money and that he had signed the promissory notes therefor. Instead, he argued that the statute of limitations had expired. Actions brought by the United States seeking money damages on account of a breach of contract are governed by a six year statute of limitations. 28 U.S.C.A. Sec. 2415(a). Olavarrieta contends that the cause of action accrued when the government became holder-in-due-course of the promissory notes--February 7, 1979. Therefore, he argues, the statute of limitations had expired by the time the government commenced this suit--February 15, 1985. However, courts have consistently ruled that the government's cause of action accrues when the government pays the lender. United States v. Tilleraas, 709 F.2d 1088, 1092 (6th Cir.1983); United States v. Frisk, 675 F.2d 1079, 1081-83 (9th Cir.1982); United States v. Bellard, 674 F.2d 330, 337 (5th Cir.1982). Such a rule comports with the general rule that a surety's cause of action for indemnity or reimbursement does not accrue until payment of the principal's liability. ITT Rayonier, Inc. v. Southeastern Maritime Co., 620 F.2d 512, 514 (5th Cir.1980). It is undisputed that the government satisfied Olavarrieta's liability to the bank on March 3, 1979; therefore, the district court properly concluded that the action was not barred by the statute of limitations.

[*~643]10

Olavarrieta's argument that the government was not entitled to relief because the loan was illegal is without merit. Olavarrieta contends that the program in which he participated at the University of Florida School of Law was not qualified to receive funds under the Higher Education Act. However, the Act defines eligible institutions as those providing post-secondary-education leading toward a degree or recognized occupation. 20 U.S.C.A. Sec. 1085. Olavarrieta received the loans in order to enroll in the Cuban American Lawyers' Institute ("CALI") program offered at the University of Florida. The CALI program was open to Cuban refugees who had practiced law in Cuba in order to qualify them to sit for the Florida bar examination. Therefore, the CALI program satisfies the Act's definition of an eligible institution. That Olavarrieta was not entitled to practice law in Florida until he passed the Florida bar examination does not mean that the CALI program was not a qualified program under the Higher Education Act.

11

Accordingly, the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

1

Because the district court properly dismissed the third party complaint against the University of Florida on the grounds that the University of Florida lacked the capacity to be sued under state law, we need not address whether service of process was improper, whether Olavarrieta's claim was time barred, or whether the complaint failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted

2

Because the claim asserted against the Board of Regents in the third party complaint could not be raised under Rule 14(a), we need not address whether Olavarrieta's claim against the Board of Regents is barred by the statute of limitations