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Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 5×
7.4 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 3 distinct cases, last quoted 1997 ·
…if homosexual conduct may constitutionally be criminalized, then homosexuals do not constitute a suspect or quasi-suspect class entitled to greater than rational basis scrutiny for equal protection purposes
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Treatment trajectory · 1990 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1990
2008
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 29 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Meinhold v. United States Department of Defense
But see Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 463-65 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (rejecting equal protection challenge); Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068, 1075-77 (Fed.Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1003 , 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (same). .
discussed
Cited "but see"
Volker Keith Meinhold v. United States Department of Defense United States Department of the Navy, Volker Keith Meinhold v. United States Department of Defense United States Department of the Navy
But see Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 463-65 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (rejecting equal protection challenge); Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068, 1075-77 (Fed.Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1003 , 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (same) 10 Prohibited conduct includes adultery, indecent assault, wrongful co-habitation, fraternization, indecent language, indecent acts with another, pandering and prostitution, sodomy and bigamy.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Equality Foundation Of Greater Cincinnati, Inc. v. City Of Cincinnati
if homosexual conduct may constitutionally be criminalized, then homosexuals do not constitute a suspect or quasi-suspect class entitled to greater than rational basis scrutiny for equal protection purposes
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Equality Foundation Of Greater Cincinnati, Inc. v. City Of Cincinnati
if homosexual conduct may constitutionally be criminalized, then homosexuals do not constitute a suspect or quasi-suspect class entitled to greater than rational basis scrutiny for equal protection purposes
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Equality Foundation of Greater Cincinnati, Inc. v. City of Cincinnati
if homosexual conduct may constitutionally be criminalized, then homosexuals do not constitute a suspect or quasi-suspect class entitled to greater than rational basis scrutiny for equal protection purposes
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Equality Foundation of Greater Cincinnati, Inc. v. City of Cincinnati
f homosexual conduct may constitutionally be criminalized, then homosexuals do not constitute a suspect or quasi-suspect class entitled to greater than rational basis scrutiny for equal protection purposes
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Walmer v. United States Department of Defense
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
after bowers v. hardwick, 478 u.s. 186 , 106 s.ct. 2841 , 92 l.ed.2d 140 (1986) it cannot logically be asserted that discrimination against homosexuals is constitutionally infirm.
discussed
Cited "see"
Baker v. State
See Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 464-66 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Equality Found. of Greater Cincinnati, Inc. v. City of Cincinnati, 128 F.3d 289 , 292-93 (6th Cir.1997); Thomasson v. Perry, 80 F.3d 915, 927 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 948 , 117 S.Ct. 358 , 136 L.Ed.2d 250 (1996); Richenberg v. Perry, 97 F.3d 256, 260-61 (8th Cir.1996), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 807 , 118 S.Ct. 45 , 139 L.Ed.2d 12 (1997); High Tech Gays v. Defense Indus.
cited
Cited "see"
Jamie S. Nabozny v. Mary Podlesny, William Davis, Thomas Blauert
See Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 464 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
Marcus Andre Michael v. Immigration and Naturalization Service
See Town of Huntington v. Marsh, 884 F.2d 648, 651 (2d Cir.1989) (collecting cases), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
Gache v. Town of Harrison, NY
See Town of Huntington v. Marsh, 884 F.2d 648, 651 (2d Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Disabled American Veterans v. United States Department of Veterans Affairs
School Dist. v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 1, 17 , 93 S.Ct. 1278, 1288 , 36 L.Ed.2d 16 (1973); see Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 463 (7th Cir.1989), ce rt. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); see also Cleburne, 473 U.S. at 446 , 105 S.Ct. at 3257 (government “may not rely on a classification whose relationship to an asserted goal is so attenuated as to render the distinction arbitrary or irrational”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Steffan v. Cheney
See Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (lesbian denied re-enlistment in Army); Dronenhurg v. Zech, 741 F.2d 1388 (D.C.Cir.1984) (Naval petty officer discharged for admitted homosexual conduct with recruit on Navy property); High Tech Gays v. Defense Indus.
discussed
Cited "see"
High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office
Accord Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 464 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068, 1076 (Fed.Cir.1989), ce rt. denied, — U.S. -, 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Padula v. Webster, 822 F.2d 97, 103 (D.C.Cir.1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
High Tech Gays v. Defense Industrial Security Clearance Office
Accord Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 464 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068, 1076 (Fed.Cir.1989), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Padula v. Webster, 822 F.2d 97, 103 (D.C.Cir.1987). 41 The Supreme Court has ruled that homosexual activity is not a fundamental right protected by substantive due process and that the proper standard of review under the Fifth Amendment is rational basis review.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Sierra Club v. United States Department of Energy
See also Huntington v. Marsh, 859 F.2d 1134 , 1142 (2d Cir.1988), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (Corps of Engineers could not review designation of waste disposal site without also taking into consideration agency’s permits to dump dredged waste at site); Port of Astoria v. Hodel, 595 F.2d 467, 480 (9th Cir.1979).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Richard Richenberg v. William J. Perry
See, e.g., Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Richenberg v. Perry
See, e.g., Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Dave v. Rails to Trails Conservancy
See, e.g., Glosemeyer v. Missouri-Kansas-Texas R.R., 879 F.2d 316 , 320 (8th Cir.1989) (where plaintiff landowners sued railroad in district court and interim trail users intervened, "[b]ecause no administrative action had been taken at the time plaintiffs' complaint had been ... filed in federal district court, the district court had subject matter jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1337 to decide plaintiffs' facial challenge to the constitutionality of § 1247(d).”), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1003 , 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 , (1990); Schneider v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 86…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Rose v. Fox Pool Corp.
See, e.g., Wesley Theological Seminary v. U.S. Gypsum Co., 876 F.2d 119, 120 (D.C.Cir.1989) (D.C. law), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1003 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Smith v. Allen-Bradley Co., 371 F.Supp. 698, 701 (W.D.Va.1974) (Va. law). 14 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc. v. United States Department of the Navy
Compare Huntington v. Marsh, 884 F.2d 648 , 652-653 (2d Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (NEPA violation does not necessitate injunction) with Sierra Club v. Marsh, 872 F.2d 497, 501-504 (1st Cir.1989) (Breyer, J.) (NEPA violation generally requires injunction).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
NAT. RESOURCES DEF. COUNCIL v. US Dept. of Navy
Compare Huntington v. Marsh, 884 F.2d 648 , 652-653 (2d Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (NEPA violation does not necessitate injunction) with Sierra Club v. Marsh, 872 F.2d 497, 501-504 (1st Cir.1989) (Breyer, J.) (NEPA violation generally requires injunction).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Able v. United States
See, e.g., Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068, 1076-77 (Fed.Cir.1989) (raising sua sponte equal protection claim and finding ban on homosexual conduct constitutional), reh’g denied, (Fed.Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1003 , 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Rich v. Secretary of Army, 735 F.2d 1220, 1229 (10th Cir.1984) (finding ban constitutional).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Jeffries v. Harleston
See also Town of Huntington v. Marsh, 884 F.2d 648, 654 (2d Cir.1989), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Travellers Intern.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Jantz v. Muci
See, e.g., Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 464 (7th Cir.1989) ("If homosexual conduct may constitutionally be criminalized, then homosexuals do not constitute a suspect or quasi-suspect class entitled to greater than rational basis scrutiny for equal protection purposes."), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068, 1076 (Fed.Cir.1989) ("After Hardwick it cannot logically be asserted that discrimination against homosexuals is constitutionally infirm."), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1003 , 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990)…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Jantz v. Muci
See, e.g., Ben-Shalom v. Marsh, 881 F.2d 454, 464 (7th Cir.1989) (“If homosexual conduct may constitutionally be criminalized, then homosexuals do not constitute a suspect or quasi-suspect class entitled to greater than rational basis scrutiny for equal protection purposes.”), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1004 , 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Woodward v. United States, 871 F.2d 1068, 1076 (Fed.Cir.1989) (“After Hardwick it cannot logically be asserted that discrimination against homosexuals is constitutionally infirm.”), cert. denied, 494 U.S. 1003 , 110 S.Ct. 1295 , 108 L.Ed.2d 47…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hicks v. City of Watonga
See, e.g., Antoniu v. SEC, 877 F.2d 721 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (due process violated when commissioner who had made statements indicating prejudgment of case participated in SEC proceedings against securities violator).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hicks v. City Of Watonga
See, e.g., Antoniu v. SEC, 877 F.2d 721 (8th Cir.1989), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990) (due process violated when commissioner who had made statements indicating prejudgment of case participated in SEC proceedings against securities violator).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Firemen's Ins. Co. of Newark, NJ v. Keating
A monetary loss will not suffice unless the movant provides evidence of damage that cannot be rectified by financial compensation.” Tucker Anthony, supra, 888 F.2d at 975 ; see also Huntington v. Marsh, 884 F.2d 648 , 651 (2d Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 110 S.Ct. 1296 , 108 L.Ed.2d 473 (1990); Jackson Dairy, Inc. v. H.P.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Ben-Shalom
v.
Stone, Secretary of the Army
v.
Stone, Secretary of the Army
No. 89-876.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Feb 26, 1990.
Cited by 6 opinions | Published
C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.