green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 1×
4.7 score
“pointing to a municipal policy action or inaction as a 'but for' cause is not enough to prove a causal connection”
Treatment trajectory · 1997 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1997
2011
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 12 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Rodriguez v. City of Milwaukee
But see Van Ort v. Estate of Stanewich, 92 F.3d 831, 836 (9th Cir.1996) (holding that because the individual police officer acted as a private citizen, the plaintiffs had “no constitutional right to be free from his deprivations of their constitutional rights”), cert. de nied — U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 950 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997); Pitchell v. Callan, 13 F.3d 545, 549 (2d Cir.1994) (finding that since the individual actors were not acting under color of state law, the plaintiff could not state a claim against the city because neither of the actors “inflicted a constitutional injury”).
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Estate of MacIas v. Lopez
pointing to a municipal policy action or inaction as a 'but for' cause is not enough to prove a causal connection
discussed
Cited "see"
Loeffel Steel Products, Inc. v. Delta Brands, Inc.
See Wittmer v. Peters, 87 F.3d 916, 917 (7th Cir.l996)(Posner, J.), cert. denied 519 U.S. 1111 , 117 S.Ct. 949 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997); Carr v. Tatangelo, 338 F.3d 1259 , 1273 n. 26 (11th Cir.2003); Winstead v. Georgia Gulf Corp., 77 Fed.Appx. 267, 271 (5th Cir.2003).
discussed
Cited "see"
The Florida Bar v. Ray
See Kentucky Bar Ass'n v. Waller, 929 S.W.2d 181, 183 (Ky.1996) (disrespectful language directed at judge is not sanctioned because "the judge is of such delicate sensibilities as to be unable to withstand the comment, but rather that such language promotes disrespect for the law and for the judicial system"), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 , 117 S.Ct. 949 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997).
discussed
Cited "see"
Laurie A. Brewer, and Jodie Foster, Individually and as Parents and Guardians of Jessica L. Haak, a Minor v. The West Irondequoit Central School District, the Urban-Suburban Interdistrict Transfer Program, Monroe Number One Board of Cooperative Educational Services, Theresa J. Woodson, Gretchen Stephan and Marlene S. Allen, in Their Individual and Official Capacities
See Wittmer v. Peters, 87 F.3d 916, 919, 921 (7th Cir. 1996) (stating that "there is a reason that dicta are dicta and not holdings, that is, are not authoritative" and thus concluding that "[a] judge would be unreasonable to conclude that no other consideration except a history of discrimination could ever warrant a discriminatory measure unless every other consideration had been presented to and rejected by him" and holding that effective management of a prison boot camp justified a race-conscious hiring by the prison), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 , 136 L.
discussed
Cited "see"
Brewer v. West Irondequoit Central School District
See Wittmer v. Peters, 87 F.3d 916, 919, 921 (7th Cir.1996) (stating that “there is a reason that dicta are dicta and not holdings, that is, are not authoritative” and thus concluding that “[a] judge would be unreasonable to conclude that no other consideration except a history of discrimination could ever warrant a discriminatory measure unless every other consideration had been presented to and rejected by him” and holding that effective management of a prison boot camp justified a race-conscious hiring by the prison), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 , 117 S.Ct. 949 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (19…
cited
Cited "see"
Hicks Ex Rel. Hicks v. HALIFAX COUNTY BD. EDUC.
See Herndon v. Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Board of Education, 89 F.3d 174 , 178 (4th Cir.1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 , 117 S.Ct. 949 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Art Mowe
See 18 U.S.C. § 1955 (b)(1). 7 Based on the plain language of the guideline, see In re Merchants Grain, 93 F.3d 1347 , 1353-54 (7th Cir.1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 , 117 S.Ct. 948 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997), the evidence also establishes that the gambling at C-Mowes was "committed as part of, or to facilitate" Venezia's operation, U.S.S.G. § 2E3.1(a)(1)(C).
cited
Cited "see"
Blue Ridge Insurance v. Stanewich
See Van Ort v. Estate of Stanewich, 92 F.3d 831, 841-42 (9th Cir.1996), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 117 S.Ct. 950 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997).
discussed
Cited "see"
98 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 3078, 98 Daily Journal D.A.R. 4241 Blue Ridge Insurance Co., a Maryland Corporation v. Kathy Stanewich, and Donald Van Ort Helen Van Ort
See Van Ort v. Estate of Stanewich, 92 F.3d 831, 841-42 (9th Cir.1996), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 117 S.Ct. 950 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997). 5 Michael Stanewich and his wife, Kathy Stanewich, had purchased a homeowners insurance policy from Blue Ridge which was in effect during the attempted robbery.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Byars v. City of Waterbury, No. X01-Cv-99-0152489s (Nov. 19, 2001)
See also Herndon v. Chapel Hill-Cairboro City Board of Education, 89 F.3d 174 , 177-79 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 , 117 S.Ct. 949 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1996) (due process claims involving parental rights in the public school context are to be judged on a rational relation standard).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Petit v. City of Chicago
See, e.g., Wittmer v. Peters, 87 F.3d 916 (7th Cir.1996), cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1111 , 117 S.Ct. 949 , 136 L.Ed.2d 837 (1997) (need to have African-Americans in positions of authority at a boot camp that had 68% African-American inmates).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Duff, Judge, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
v.
Governor of Illinois
v.
Governor of Illinois
No. 96-844.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Feb 18, 1997.
Published
Citer courts: N.D. California (1)
C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.