green
Positive treatment
7.2 score
Treatment trajectory · 1982 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1982
2004
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 30 distinct citers.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
United States v. Main Street Distributing Inc.
The Supreme Court has often recognized that a “scienter requirement may mitigate a law’s vagueness, especially with respect to the adequacy of notice to the complainant that his conduct is proscribed.” E.g., Village of Hoffman Estates v. Flipside, 455 U.S. at 499, 102 S.Ct. at 1193 (footnote omitted); accord Liparota v. United States, 471 U.S. at 427 , 105 S.Ct. at 2089 (mens rea requirement “ensures that criminal statutes will provide fair warning concerning conduct rendered illegal”).
cited
Cited "see"
Barker v. Hazeltine
See Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 651 F.2d 551, 564 (8th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Roy Lee Gilliam
See United States v. Ramsey, 661 F.2d 1013, 1019 (4th Cir.1981) (no actual conflict of interest where attorney represents three defendants, two of which pursued defense theories of complete innocence and one of which claimed conspiracy was a hoax), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Jonathan Craig Songer
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 78 (4th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , and 457 U.S. 1136 , and 459 U.S. 843 (1988).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Roy A. Hansen
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 78 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 (1982). 6 In the case of an unsuccessful appellant represented by appointed counsel, the responsibilities of the attorney are set forth in the Plan of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit in Implementation of the Criminal Justice Act of 1964 (Plan ).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Floyd N. Simms
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 78 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 (1982). 6 Simms also challenges the composition of the jury venire.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Sidney Dwight Culbreath
See United States v. Lury, 666 F.2d 69 , 78 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 (1982). 10 We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented on this record and argument would not aid the decisional process.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Ricarda Avida Mosqueda
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69 , (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Floyd McKinley Ball
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 (1982). 4 In addition to reviewing Ball's pro se claims, we have undertaken an independent review of the entire record and all pertinent documents, as required by Anders.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Nelson Guzman
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69 , 74 & n. 3 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Bourjaily
Accord United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 80-81 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); United States v. Papia, 560 F.2d 827 , 836 & n. 3 (7th Cir.1977); Ottomano v. United States, 468 F.2d 269, 273 (1st Cir.1972), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 1128 , 93 S.Ct. 948 , 35 L.Ed.2d 260 (1973).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. William John Bourjaily
Accord United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 80-81 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); United States v. Papia, 560 F.2d 827 , 836 & n. 3 (7th Cir.1977); Ottomano v. United States, 468 F.2d 269, 273 (1st Cir.1972), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 1128 , 93 S.Ct. 948 , 35 L.Ed.2d 260 (1973).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. George W. Schell John B. Cain, Jr., A/K/A John Boy Thomas R. Stevens, A/K/A Hyper and Freda Virginia Gallo Wilson
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 80 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); 457 U.S. 1136 , 102 S.Ct. 2966 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1354 (1982); 459 U.S. 843 , 103 S.Ct. 95 , 74 L.Ed.2d 87 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
ca8 1985
Several circuits have adopted "a per se rule permitting the use of properly admissible extrajudicial statements of a co-conspirator who does not take the stand at trial without risk of reversal for violation of his co-defendants' rights to confrontation." United States v. Papia, 560 F.2d 827 , 836 n. 3 (7th Cir.1977); accord United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 80-81 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); United States v. McManus, 560 F.2d 747, 750 (6th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1047 , 98 S.Ct. 894 , 54 L.Ed.2d 798 (1978); Ottomano v. Unite…
cited
Cited "see"
Shults v. State
See Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 651 F.2d 551, 559 (8th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 .(1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. DeLuna
Several circuits have adopted “a per se rule permitting the use of properly admissible extrajudicial statements of a co-conspirator who does not take the stand at trial without risk of reversal for violation of his co-defendants’ rights to confrontation.” United States v. Papia, 560 F.2d 827 , 836 n. 3 (7th Cir.1977); accord United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 80-81 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); United States v. McManus, 560 F.2d 747, 750 (6th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1047 , 98 S.Ct. 894 , 54 L.Ed.2d 798 (1978); Ottomano v.…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Jo Ann Harrelson, Charles Voyed Harrelson and Elizabeth Nichols Chagra
See United States v. Howell, 664 F.2d 101, 106 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1641 , 71 L.Ed.2d 873 (1982); United States v. Ocanas, 628 F.2d 353, 359 (5th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 451 U.S. 984 , 101 S.Ct. 2316 , 68 L.Ed.2d 840 (1981); United States v. Perez, 489 F.2d 51, 67 (5th Cir.1973), cert. denied, 417 U.S. 945 , 94 S.Ct. 3067 , 41 L.Ed.2d 664 (1974), and cases cited therein.
cited
Cited "see"
High Gear & Toke Shop v. Beacom
See Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 651 F.2d 551 , 564 n. 19 (8th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); Stoianoff v. Montana, 695 F.2d 1214 (9th Cir.1983). .
discussed
Cited "see"
Croatan Books, Inc. v. Baliles
See United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 76 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied sub nom Magill v. United States, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982), cert. denied sub nom Steedman v. United States, 457 U.S. 1136 , 102 S.Ct. 2966 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1354 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Camille Corporation, an Illinois Corporation v. William Phares
Accord, Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 651 F.2d 551, 561 (8th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); Delaware Accessories Trade Association v. Gebelein, 497 F.Supp. 289, 294 (D.Del.1980); see also New England Accessories Trade Association v. City of Nashua, 679 F.2d 1, 7 (1st Cir.1982); Florida Businessmen for Free Enterprise v. City of Hollywood, 673 F.2d 1213, 1219 (11th Cir.1982), Contra, Record Revolution, 638 F.2d at 935-36 .
cited
Cited "see"
New England Accessories Trade Association, Inc. v. James E. Tierney
See Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 651 F.2d 551, 557-558 (8th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982). 2 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Wilson v. Moore
See, e.g., United States v. Ramsey, 661 F.2d 1013, 1019-20 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied sub. nom, Ramsey v. United States, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982); United States v. Gilliam, 835 F.Supp. 288, 290-291 (W.D.Va.1993), aff'd, 34 F.3d 1067 (1994).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Roy Brooks Stoddard
In Guzman , we held that ”[t]he time period of a conspiracy is determined not by the dates alleged in the indictment, but by the evidence adduced at trial.” Guzman, 852 F.2d at 1120 ; see also United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69 , 74 n. 3 (4th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982) (indictments’ indication of complete overlap between two conspiracies was misleading because evidence at trial about first conspiracy only brought first conspiracy to a time well before the end time charged in the first indictment).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
New Amber Auto Service, Inc. v. New York City Environmental Control Board
Conservation, 126 Misc 2d 355 ; see also, People v Olsonite Corp., 80 Mich App 763 , 265 NW2d 176 .) A statute is unconstitutionally vague on its face if it specifies no comprehensible standard or guide capable of interpretation (Coates v City of Cincinnati, 402 US 611, 614 ) or "when it cannot validly be applied to any conduct” (Brache v County of Westchester, 658 F2d 47, 50 [2d Cir 1981], cert denied 455 US 1005 ; see also, Tennessee v Garner, 471 US 1, 11-12 ).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Mohammed F. Azeem, United States of America v. Muhammed Z. Mannan
See, e.g., United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 78 (4th Cir. 1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 457 U.S. 1136 , 459 U.S. 843 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
William Conley v. Warden, Maryland Penitentiary
Unless the trial court knows or reasonably should know that a particular conflict exists, the court need not initiate an inquiry. 10 Id. at 347 ; see also United States v. Ramsey, 661 F.2d 1013, 1018 (4th Cir.1981) ("in the absence of a specific objection, the trial court may assume that multiple representation presents no conflict, and ... unless a trial court knows or reasonably should know that a particular conflict exists, it need not initiate an inquiry"), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 (1982). 11 We agree with the district court that there was no duty to inquire in this case.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Olsen v. J.A. Freeman Co.
(2×)
The "void for vagueness" doctrine incorporates the due process notions of fair notice or warning, [7] and mandates that lawmakers set reasonably clear guidelines for triers of fact in order to prevent "arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement." Smith v. Goguen, 415 U.S. 566 , 94 S.Ct. 1242 , 39 L.Ed.2d 605 (1974); see also Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 512 F. Supp. 474 (1980), aff'd in part, rev'd in part, 651 F.2d 551 (8th Cir.1981), cert. den. 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (D.C.Neb. 1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Articles of Drug
See also, Casbah, Inc. v. Thone, 651 F.2d 551, 561 (8th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 , reh. denied, 456 U.S. 950 , 102 S.Ct. 2023 , 72 L.Ed.2d 476 (1982) (upholding validity of Nebraska Drug Paraphernalia statute).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
ca3 1983
Compare cases collected in United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 78 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982), with those collected in United States v. Michel, 588 F.2d 986 , 1000 n. 15 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 825 , 100 S.Ct. 47 , 62 L.Ed.2d 32 (1979) 5 See, e.g., United States v. Smith, 690 F.2d 748, 750 (9th Cir.1982), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 103 S.Ct. 1435 , 75 L.Ed.2d 793 (1983) (relying on Jeffers to reverse conviction under § 846 as lesser included offense of § 848, but affirming without discussion conviction on substantive counts); …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Gomberg
Compare cases collected in United States v. Lurz, 666 F.2d 69, 78 (4th Cir.), cert, denied, 455 U.S. 1005 , 102 S.Ct. 1642 , 71 L.Ed.2d 874 (1982), with those collected in United States v. Michel, 588 F.2d 986 , 1000 n. 15 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 444 U.S. 825 , 100 S.Ct. 47 , 62 L.Ed.2d 32 (1979). .
Sere
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 81-6177.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 8, 1982.
Published
Ct. Cl. Certio-rari denied.