green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
11.0 score
“the supreme court has never explicitly described the standard for reviewing immigration-law classifications among aliens”
Treatment trajectory · 1982 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1982
2004
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 47 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Wauchope v. U.S. Department of State
the supreme court has not determined what limitations, if any, the constitution imposes on congress
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Sirilan v. Castro
the supreme court has never explicitly described the standard for reviewing immigration-law classifications among aliens
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
United States v. Paul Sureff and Michael Cardone, Maritza Metral
To prove a single conspiracy, “the government must show that each alleged member agreed to participate in what he knew to be a collective venture directed toward a common goal.” United States v. Maldonado-Rivera, 922 F.2d 934, 963 (2d Cir.1990) (quoting United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 876 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 *230 (1982)), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 111 S.Ct. 2811 , 115 L.Ed.2d 984 (1991).
cited
Cited as authority (rule)
Runnett v. Shultz
Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 5.Ct. 3494, 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Jackson
(2×)
See United States v. Feola, supra, at 1090-91. “[W]hen the supporting facts ‘present a picture of continuing conduct or an ongoing activity, ... the passage of time between the last described act and the presentation of the application becomes less significant.’” United States v. Ortiz, 143 F.3d 728, 732 (2d Cir.1998) (quoting United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 867 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982)), cert. denied sub nom.
discussed
Cited "see"
State, Unpublished Decision (3-28-2003)
(2×)
See United States v. Martino , 664 F.2d 860 , 874 (2d Cir. 1981), cert. denied , 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982) (contents of bag in plain view since bag in plain view and defendant told police what was in bag; statements demonstrate a reduced expectation of privacy); United States v. Candella , 469 F.2d 173 , 175 (2d Cir. 1972) (guns in container in defendant's house were in plain view since container was in plain view and defendant told police that guns were in container).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Huppe
See United States v. Snyder, 668 F.2d 686, 690 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. *62 3494, 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Santiago, 528 F.2d 1130, 1133-34 (2d Cir.) cert. denied, 425 U.S. 972 , 96 S.Ct. 2169 , 48 L.Ed.2d 795 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Hernandez-Guerrero
(2×)
See Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036, 1042 (9th Cir.), citing Hampton v. Mow Sun Wong, 426 U.S. 88 , 96 S.Ct. 1895 , 48 L.Ed.2d 495 (1976), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
United States of America, Cross-Appellant v. Walter J. Butler, Cross-Appellee
See United States v. Snyder, 668 F.2d 686, 690-91 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
John Badea v. Harvey Cox
(2×)
See Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036 , 1041 & n. 3 (9th Cir.) (the Fourteenth Amendment does not apply to the federal government, but the Fifth Amendment contains an equal protection component), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Flores v. Meese
See Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036, 1041 (9th Cir.) (declining to consider whether homosexual couple had fundamental "right to marry" which was infringed by immigration statute, and holding that "[e]ven if it were [a fundamental right], we would not apply a strict scrutiny standard of review to the statute" given Congress's plenary power over immigration), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); see also Anetekhai, 876 F.2d at 1218 (Marriage Fraud Amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act); Almario, 872 F.2d 147 (same); Ademi v. Moyer, 1989 WL 56904 , 1…
discussed
Cited "see"
Flores ex rel. Galvez-Maldonado v. Meese
See Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036, 1041 (9th Cir.) (declining to consider whether homosexual couple had fundamental “right to marry” which was infringed by immigration statute, and holding that “[e]ven if it were [a fundamental right], we would not apply a strict scrutiny standard of review to the statute” given Congress’s plenary power over immigration), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); see also Anetekhai, 876 F.2d at 1218 (Marriage Fraud Amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act); Almario, 872 F.2d 147 (same); Ademi v. Moyer, 1989 WL…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Patricia Foreman
Refusing to allow for attempts in Sec. 3B1.3 would be inconsistent with the Commission's overall Guidelines policy on attempts. 16 The Guidelines treat attempts that are not covered by a specific offense guideline the same as completed offenses when "the defendant completed all the acts the defendant believed necessary for successful completion of the offense or the circumstances demonstrate that the defendant was about to complete all such acts but for the apprehension or interruption by some similar event beyond the defendant's control." Guidelines Manual Sec. 2X1.1(b)(1); see id.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Rodriguez
(2×)
See U.S. v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 868 (2d Cir.1981) (use of pen registers and acquisition of telephone records would have been unavailing since they wouldn’t identify the participants to a telephone conversation, and would thus be unlikely to uncover defendant's partners in crime), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982). 8 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Bankr. L. Rep. P 73,158 United States of America v. William Goodstein
See United States v. Snyder, 668 F.2d 686, 690-91 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Santiago, 528 F.2d 1130 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 972 , 96 S.Ct. 2169 , 48 L.Ed.2d 795 (1970); cf. United States v. Ford, 632 F.2d 1354 (9th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 934 , 101 S.Ct. 1399 , 67 L.Ed.2d 369 (1981); United States v. Andreen, 628 F.2d 1236 (9th Cir.1980); United States v. Felice, 481 F.Supp. 79 (N.D.
examined
Cited "see"
United States v. Braj Nandan Singh
(4×)
In view of the minimal nature of the government agents’ intrusion and the need for continued surveillance, or an effective substitute therefor, if the controlled delivery of the narcotics was to be effective, see Illinois v. Andreas, supra, 463 U.S. at 773 , 103 S.Ct. at 3325 , id. at 781-82 , 103 S.Ct. at 3329-30 (Brennan, J., dissenting), a reasonable argument might have been made that, under the peculiar facts of this case, there was an “ ‘urgent need’ that ‘justified]’ a warrantless entry.” United States v. Martinez-Gonzalez, 686 F.2d 93, 100 (2d Cir. 1982); see United States…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Castellano
(2×)
See United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 867 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Young
(2×)
See United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860 , 864 n. 3 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Sisca, 503 F.2d 1337, 1343 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 419 U.S. 1008 , 95 S.Ct. 142 , 328, 42 L.Ed.2d 118 , 283 (1974).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Young
(2×)
See United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860 , 864 n. 3 (2d Cir.1981), cert, denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Sisca, 503 F.2d 1337, 1343 (2d Cir.), cert, denied, 419 U.S. 1008 , 95 S.Ct. 142 , 328, 42 L.Ed.2d 118 , 283 (1974).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Van Horn
(2×)
See United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 868 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Johnson, 645 F.2d 865, 867 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 991 , 101 S.Ct. 1692 , 68 L.Ed.2d 192 (1981); United States v. Atkins, 618 F.2d 366, 371 (5th Cir.1968).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Jose Alvarado Farra and Eduardo Enrique Bastidas
(2×)
See United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 869-70 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Vasquez, 638 F.2d 507, 529-32 (2d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 975 , 102 S.Ct. 528 , 70 L.Ed.2d 396 (1981); United States v. Mapp, 476 F.2d 67, 75 (2d Cir. 1973).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Dennis Bonfiglio
(2×)
See United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 874 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982) (contents of bag in plain view since bag in plain view and defendant told police what was in bag; statements demonstrate a reduced expectation of privacy); United States v. Candella, 469 F.2d 173, 175 (2d Cir.1972) (guns in contain er in defendant’s house were in plain view since container was in plain view and defendant told police that guns were in container).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Eppolito
(2×)
“Where, as here, the indictment contains a conspiracy charge, ‘uncharged acts may be admissible as direct evidence of the conspiracy itself.’ ” United States v. Miller, 116 F.3d 641, 682 (2d Cir.1997) (quoting United States v. Thai, 29 F.3d 785, 812 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 977 , 115 S.Ct. 456 , 130 L.Ed.2d 364 (1994)), cert. denied, 524 U.S. 905 , 118 S.Ct. 2063 , 141 L.Ed.2d 140 (1998). “ ‘[I]n order to prove a single conspiracy,’ ” rather than multiple conspiracies, “ ‘the government must show that each alleged member agreed to participate in what he knew to be …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Jones
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 876-77 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Luke Jones
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 876-77 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lewis v. Harris
In fact, several years after Loving , when the Minnesota Supreme Court rejected a constitutional challenge to that State's prohibition against marriage by members of the same sex in a decision that distinguished Loving on the ground that "there is a clear distinction between a marital restriction based merely upon race and one based upon the fundamental difference in sex," Nelson, supra, 191 N.W. 2d at 187 , the Supreme Court dismissed an appeal from that decision "for want of a substantial federal question," 409 U.S. 810 , 93 S.Ct. 37 , 34 L.Ed. 2d 65 ; see also Adams v. Howerton, 673 F. 2d 1…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Kwon v. Comfort
See, e.g., Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036, 1041 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); Anetekhai v. INS, 876 F.2d 1218, 1221-22 (5th Cir.1989); Almario v. Attorney General, 872 F.2d 147, 150-51 (6th Cir.1989).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Gruber
(2×)
Macklin, 902 F.2d at 1326 ; United States v. Matya, 541 F.2d 741, 745 (8th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1091 , 97 S.Ct. 1101 , 51 L.Ed.2d 536 (1977); see also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 868 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Shahar v. Bowers
(2×)
See also Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036 (9th Cir.) (whether or not valid under state law, marriage of two males does not confer spousal status under Federal Immigration Act), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Gruber
(2×)
Macklin, 902 F.2d at 1326 ; United States v. Matya, 541 F.2d 741, 745 (8th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1091 , 97 S.Ct. 1101 , 51 L.Ed.2d 536 (1977); see also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 868 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Valerie Isabelle Wauchope Ellen Mary Kinahan v. United States Department of State, Secretary of State, James Baker
(2×)
See also Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036, 1041-42 (9th Cir.) (rejecting claim that strict scrutiny should apply to statute according preferential immigration status to heterosexual, but not to homosexual, spouses of United States citizens on grounds that cases including Mandel and Fiallo allow for only a limited judicial review of Congress’ decision to admit or exclude aliens), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Rivera v. United States
See, e.g., id. (22 days); United States v. Fama, 758 F.2d 834, 838 (2d Cir.1985) (5 weeks); United States v. Rowell, 903 F.2d 899, 903 (2d Cir.1990) (18 months).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Rivera v. United States
See, e.g., id. (22 days); United States v. Fama, 758 F.2d 834, 838 (2d Cir.1985) (5 weeks); United States v. Rowell, 903 F.2d 899, 903 (2d Cir.1990) (18 months). 46 Plaintiffs complain that because the Boylan affidavit did not state when the informant himself learned of the planned delivery, stating only that Boylan had received the information from the informant "[i]n the past week," the information might have been quite stale.
examined
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Sammy G. Daily and Frederik A. Figge
(4×)
See, e.g., United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 876 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Ashley, 555 F.2d 462, 467-68 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 869 , 98 S.Ct. 210 , 54 L.Ed.2d 147 (1977).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Filiberto
(2×)
See also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Bruner, 657 F.2d 1278 (D.C.Cir.1981).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Maynard v. United States District Court for the Central District of California
See e.g., Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036 , 1041 n. 3 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
examined
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Harold Cattouse
(4×)
See, e.g., United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 878 (2d Cir.1981) (Oakes, J., concurring) ("To the individual law enforcement officer, the circumstances for a warrantless search and seizure always appear exigent."), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Jose Crespo
(2×)
Dorman, 435 F.2d at 391 , quoted in Martinez-Gonzalez, 686 F.2d at 100 ; see also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 878-80 (2d Cir.1981) (Oakes, J., concurring), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Nakashian
See also United States v. Snyder, 668 F.2d 686, 689-90 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Gregory, 611 F.Supp. 1033, 1041 (S.D.N.Y.1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Grabow
(2×)
See also, United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); Edmondson v. United States, 402 F.2d 809 (10th Cir.1968).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Quema Holloway
(2×)
See, e.g., United States v. Stine, 675 F.2d 69 (3d Cir.), cert, denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Lawson, 670 F.2d 923 (10th Cir. 1982); United States v. Lowe, 654 F.2d 562 (9th Cir.1981); United States v. Smith, 618 F.2d 280 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 449 U.S. 868 , 101 S.Ct. 203 , 66 L.Ed.2d 87 (1980); United States v. Consuelo-Gonzalez, 521 F.2d 259 (9th Cir.1975) (en banc).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Manbeck
(2×)
See also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 876 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Thomas Manbeck, United States of America v. Kenneth Herring, United States of America v. Mark Huiet Sale, United States of America v. Lorenz Josephus Proden, United States of America v. Kermit Theodore Brogden, United States of America v. John Wesley Flannel, United States of America v. Gary Gallopo, United States of America v. John Benjamin Barton, Jr., Jessie Lee Mallory, and Arthur Duncan, United States of America v. John O'hare, Eddie Brantley, Thomas Earnest Folske, Thomas Sams Hightower, Timothy Allen Laxton, Harrell Lewis, Jr., and John Isidore Stevens, United States of America v. Aaron Douglas Staetter, John Michael Iyoob, James Anthony Hastings, and Gregory Michael Scott, United States of America v. David Martin Summerville
(2×)
See also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 876 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Tehfe
(2×)
The court also stated that the liberal examination given staleness in a protracted criminal conduct case "is even more defensible in wiretap cases than in ordinary warrant cases, since no tangible objects which can be quickly carried off are sought." Id.; see also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 866-67 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Webster, 639 F.2d 174, 178-79 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 857 , 102 S.Ct. 307 , 70 L.Ed.2d 152 (1981), modified on other grounds, 669 F.2d 185 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 456 U.S. …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Tehfe
(2×)
The court also stated that the liberal examination given staleness in a protracted criminal conduct case "is even more defensible in wiretap cases than in ordinary warrant eases, since no tangible objects which can be quickly carried off are sought.” Id.; see also United States v. Martino, 664 F.2d 860, 866-67 (2d Cir.1981), ce rt. denied, 458 U.S. 1110 , 102 S.Ct. 3493 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982); United States v. Webster, 639 F.2d 174, 178-79 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 857 , 102 S.Ct. 307 , 70 L.Ed.2d 152 (1981), modified on other grounds, 669 F.2d 185 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 456 U.…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Hill v. United States Immigration & Naturalization Service
See also Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036, 1040 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 458 U.S. 1111 , 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982) (INS interpretation of 8 U.S.C. § 1151 (b) of the Act).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Carl Basil Angelo Hill v. United States Immigration and Naturalization Service, Lesbian/gay Freedom Day Committee, Inc. v. United States Immigration and Naturalization Service
See also Adams v. Howerton, 673 F.2d 1036, 1040 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 102 S.Ct. 3494 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1373 (1982) (INS interpretation of 8 U.S.C. § 1151 (b) of the Act).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Ingram
v.
Smith, Warden
v.
Smith, Warden
No. 81-6769.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jun 28, 1982.
Published
Citer courts: N.D. California (1) · Northern Mariana Islands (1)
C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.