green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 3×
12.9 score
G Cite
cited 4× by 2 distinct cases ·
“[a]t most, an interest in the items found may be a factor considered when deciding whether there is a privacy interest in the area searched”
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
“A strong, emanating odor of marijuana comes within the ‘plain viéw’ doctrine and need not be ignored by officers.”
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985
2005
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Braxton v. Matthews
a strong, emanating odor of marijuana comes within the 'plain viéw' doctrine and need not be ignored by officers.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Mohammed F. Azeem, United States of America v. Muhammed Z. Mannan
... uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice may be sufficient to sustain a conviction.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Gehena
t most, an interest in the items found may be a factor considered when deciding whether there is a privacy interest in the area searched
cited
Cited "see"
Nicholson v. State of Maryland
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 377 (4th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Roshan Associates, Inc. v. Motiva Enterprises, L.L.C.
See Donovan v. Road Rangers Country Junction, Inc., 736 F.2d 1004, 1005 (5th Cir.1984) (" ‘a corporation as a fictional legal person can only be represented by licensed counsel’ ") (quoting K.M.A., Inc. v. General Motors Acceptance Corp., 652 F.2d 398, 399 (5th Cir.1981)), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1198 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985); Southwest Exp.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Avent
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 374 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985); United States v. Ramapuram, 632 F.2d 1149, 1154 (4th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 1030 , 101 S.Ct. 1739 , 68 L.Ed.2d 225 (1981) (ownership alone not sufficient to establish reasonable and legitimate expectation of privacy).
discussed
Cited "see"
Baker's Carpet Gallery, Inc. v. Mohawk Industries, Inc.
See,' e.g., United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 822 (11th Cir.1984) (corporation is liable for acts or omissions of its agents, performed in the scope of the agents’ employment), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Dale Brown Robert Chung Gussie Reicher Rolando Sanchez
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 819 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985). 8 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. George Wilson, Iii, A/K/A Charles L. Gaston
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 376 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985). 11 When the agents decided to detain Wilson for the purpose of further investigation, they possessed reasonable suspicion that Wilson was engaged in criminal activity.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. George Ancheta
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Wesley Warren Wellman
(2×)
See United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261, 1265-66 (8th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Lewis Banks, A/K/A Cornell Lewis
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 373-74 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985). 11 As previously noted, one of Appellant's co-conspirators, Jones, testified as to drug transactions in which he engaged with Appellant in the months preceding dates charged in the conspiracy indictment.
cited
Cited "see"
Jones v. Powell
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 377-78 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Francina Margarita Jemmott, United States of America v. Francina Margarita Jemmott
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 377 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985). 22 Appellant also challenges the district court's denial of her motion to suppress her incriminating statements.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Hudson
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 813 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985) (absent a demonstration that the defendant was prejudiced, proof of acts not specifically mentioned in the indictment does not constructively amend the indictment).
discussed
Cited "see"
Cousart v. United States
(2×)
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 380-81 (4th Cir.1984) (ship passenger has standing to suppress evidence that may have been tainted by illegal arrest), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985); United States v. Durant, 730 F.2d 1180, 1182 (8th Cir.) (car passenger has standing to challenge evidence attained as a direct result of an illegal stop), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 843 , 105 S.Ct. 149 , 83 L.Ed.2d 87 (1984); 1W.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Robert O. Harmas
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 816 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Steven Michael Wronko
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 822 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Rusher
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 374-75 (4th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985); cf. United States v. Kye Soo Lee, 898 F.2d 1034, 1037-38 (5th Cir.1990) (driver and passenger in rental truck found to have reasonable expectation of privacy in contents of truck’s cargo hold because both were hired by renter of truck to transport the eon-tents).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. David Lee Rusher, United States of America v. Sarah Jean Shoemaker Rusher, A/K/A Sarah Anne Rusher, United States of America v. James Joseph Flannery, A/K/A James Joseph Fleming, A/K/A Richard J. Mutschler
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 374-75 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985); cf. United States v. Kye Soo Lee, 898 F.2d 1034, 1037-38 (5th Cir.1990) (driver and passenger in rental truck found to have reasonable expectation of privacy in contents of truck's cargo hold because both were hired by renter of truck to transport the contents). 16 Finally, David cannot demonstrate such an expectation in his wife's purse.
discussed
Cited "see"
McGahee v. State
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800 , 819-24 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985); Williams v. State, 591 So.2d 319 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991); cf. Clark v. State, 461 So.2d 131 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). (3) Finally, the defendant was not, as urged, prejudiced by the giving of a short-form excusable homicide instruction on the theory that it may have misled or confused the jury on the defense of excusable homicide by sudden and sufficient provocation.
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Jakeway
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 823, 825 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Washington v. Murray
See United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261, 1263-64 (8th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985); see also Evans v. Thompson, 881 F.2d 117 (4th Cir.1989), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 110 S.Ct. 3255 , 111 L.Ed.2d 764 (1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Washington v. Murray
See United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261, 1263-64 (8th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985); see also Evans v. Thompson, 881 F.2d 117 (4th Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 110 S.Ct. 3255 , 111 L.Ed.2d 764 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Ernest Mosely, United States of America v. Ronnie Mosely, United States of America v. Willie Aiken
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 392 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied sub nom., O'Hare v. United States, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Eddie David Cox
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360 , 390-91 & n. 42 (4th Cir.1984) (ship crew members who helped import drugs could not be convicted of conspiracy to distribute absent evidence showing agreement, knowledge or stake in plans for drug distribution), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Hooshang Hooshmand
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 822 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985) (approving conscious avoidance instruction where entire defense rested on the argument that the defendants were “innocently oblivious to the endemic fraud that permeated” their business).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Ovidio Camejo, Luis Rivera-Torres, Livingston K. Smith, Luis F. Setien, Raul Anchia
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 819 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985); United States v. Terebecki, 692 F.2d 1345, 1351 (11th Cir.1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Calvin G. Lawrence
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985) (uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice may be sufficient to sustain a conviction).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Edward Berkery and Michael T. Quinn
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 389 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Damian Hawkins and Peter Hawkins
See United States v. Gold, 743 F.2d 800, 818 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985) (hearsay statements admissible to prove notice).
cited
Cited "see"
Williams v. Garrett
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 376 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Myerson
See United States v. Paternina-Vergara, 749 F.2d 993, 997 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985); United States v. Bermudez, 526 F.2d 89 , 100 & n. 9 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 970 , 96 S.Ct. 2166 , 48 L.Ed.2d 793 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Bess Myerson
See United States v. Paternina-Vergara, 749 F.2d 993, 997 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985); United States v. Bermudez, 526 F.2d 89 , 100 & n. 9 (2d Cir.1975), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 970 , 96 S.Ct. 2166 , 48 L.Ed.2d 793 (1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Rice
(2×)
See United States v. Gaspard, 744 F.2d 438 , 441 n.5 (5th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985); State v. Sowards, 147 Ariz. 185 , 709 P.2d 542 (Ct. App. 1984), remanded on other grounds, 147 Ariz. 156 , 709 P.2d 513 (1985); People v. Fields, 35 Cal. 3d 329 , 673 P.2d 680 , 197 Cal. Rptr. 803 (1983) (guilt phase of death penalty case), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 892 (1984).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Raymond M. McDonald
See United States v. Gaspard, 744 F.2d 438, 440 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985). 25 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Gerena
See United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 374 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, O’Hare v. United States, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985) (“[t]he privacy interest that must be established to support standing is an interest in *1235 the area searched, not an interest in the item[s] found ... [a]t most, an interest in the items found may be a factor considered when deciding whether there is a privacy interest in the area searched”); United States v. Garcia, 741 F.2d 363, 366 (11th Cir.1984) (the defendant’s privacy interest in the searched premises must be both “sig…
cited
Cited "see"
Brock v. Commercial Index Bureau, Inc.
See Donovan v. Road Rangers Country Junction, 736 F.2d 1004 (5th Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, Gordon v. Donovan, *1143 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1198 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Kipp v. Royal & Sun Alliance Personal Insurance Company
It is well-established that “a corporation may appear in the federal courts only through licensed counsel.” Operating Engineers Local 139 Health Fund v. Raw-son Plumbing, Inc., 130 F.Supp.2d 1022, 1023 (E.D.Wis.2001) (citing Rowland v. Cal. Men’s Colony, Unit II Men’s Advisory Council, 506 U.S. 194, 201-02 , 113 S.Ct. 716 , 121 L.Ed.2d 656 (1993)); see also Donovan v. Road Rangers Country Junction, Inc., 736 F.2d 1004, 1005 (5th Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1198 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Von R. Trimble, Jr. v. Asarco, Inc.
See, e.g., United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261, 1265-66 (8th Cir. 1984) ("We could of course remand to the District Court for it to determine this question in the first instance, but the record is complete, and the issue has been fully briefed, and we see no reason for such a circuitous procedure."), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985). 32 The question now before us is whether the record, when viewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Von R. Trimble, Jr. v. Asarco
See, e.g., United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261, 1265-66 (8th Cir.1984) (“We could of course remand to the District Court for it to determine this question in the first instance, but the record is complete, and the issue has been fully briefed, and we see no reason for such a circuitous procedure.”), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Alexander v. County of Los Angeles
In addition, “there is no per se rule that detention in a patrol car constitutes an arrest.” United States v. Parr, 843 F.2d 1228, 1230 (9th Cir.1988); see also United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 377-78 (4th Cir.1984) (holding placement of suspect in patrol car acceptable where inclement weather provided no other alternative), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
95 Cal. Daily Op. Serv. 6816, 95 Daily Journal D.A.R. 11,715 Jerry Alexander Tyrone Brown v. County of Los Angeles, and Brian Wilson Harry Toluchanian Orlando Atencio David Smiley, Jerry Alexander Tyrone Brown, Plaintiffs-Appellees/cross-Appellants v. County of Los Angeles Orlando Atencio Brian Wilson Harry Toluchanian David Smiley Philip Solano, Defendants-Appellants/cross-Appellees
The detainees in that case were suspected of armed robbery, and use of the handcuffs was reasonable because it "eliminated the possibility of an assault or escape attempt during the questioning." Id. at 1290. 17 In addition, "there is no per se rule that detention in a patrol car constitutes an arrest." United States v. Parr, 843 F.2d 1228, 1230 (9th Cir.1988); see also United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360, 377-78 (4th Cir.1984) (holding placement of suspect in patrol car acceptable where inclement weather provided no other alternative), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
African American Voting Rights Legal Defense Fund, Inc. v. Villa
See, e.g., App. at 133-34 (discussing Jones’ challenge to Davison’s methodology, to the Umsheid affidavit, and to the practice of block splitting). 17 However, we need not resolve this issue of interpretation, for assuming that the district court focused its opinion too heavily upon proportionality, we “review judgments, not opinions, and we may affirm a judgment on any ground supported by the record, whether or not that ground was urged below or passed on by the district court.” United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261 , 1263 n. 4 (8th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
African American Voting Rights Legal Defense Fund, Inc. v. Villa
See, e.g., App. at 133-34 (discussing Jones' challenge to Davison's methodology, to the Umsheid affidavit, and to the practice of block splitting). 17 57 However, we need not resolve this issue of interpretation, for assuming that the district court focused its opinion too heavily upon proportionality, we "review judgments, not opinions, and we may affirm a judgment on any ground supported by the record, whether or not that ground was urged below or passed on by the district court." United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261 , 1263 n. 4 (8th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 ,…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Hernando Arias, Illiana Arias, United States of America v. Eduardo Mota
See, e.g., United States v. Paternina-Vergara, 749 *1143 F.2d 993, 998-99 (2d Cir.1984) (concluding that because “[t]he Bruton rule is not violated ... when a co-defendant’s confession is so similar to the defendant’s confession that the two statements 'interlock/ ” the substantially similar statements of two co-defendants were admissible “despite some inconsistency as to details”), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. David Woodbury Baker, United States of America v. Timothy Blackwell
(2×)
United States v. Laughman, 618 F.2d 1067, 1074-75 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 447 U.S. 925 , 100 S.Ct. 3018 , 65 L.Ed.2d 1117 (1980); see also United States v. Manbeck, 744 F.2d 360 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Annala
(2×)
See also United States v. Jenkins, 734 F.2d 1322, 1327 (9th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1217 (1985) (right to equal protection not violated by classification which requires different sentencing treatment based on the age of the offender); Francis v. State of Maryland, 605 F.2d 747, 749 (4th Cir. 1979) (the special juvenile court jurisdiction created only for Baltimore City was a permissible legislative classification); United States v. Azevedo, 386 F. Supp. 622, 623-25 (D.C.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hays v. State
See also United States v. Paternina-Vergara , 749 F.2d 993 , 997 (2d Cir. 1984), cert. denied, Carter v. United States , 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1197 , 84 L.Ed.2d 342 (1985) (federal prosecutor not required to disclose information in possession of state prosecution, "at least in the absence of a joint federal-state investigation").
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Phillip Moore
(2×)
See also United States v. Sager, 743 F.2d 1261, 1263 (8th Cir.1984), cert. denied sub nom., Harmon v. United States, 469 U.S. 1217 , 105 S.Ct. 1196 , 84 L.Ed.2d 341 (1985). 11 In this case, it is undisputed that the Nebraska judge had probable cause to issue the warrant to search Moore's residence.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Stambaugh's Air Service, Inc.
v.
National Labor Relations Board
v.
National Labor Relations Board
No. 84-1100.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Feb 19, 1985.
469 U.S. 1217
Published
C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.