green
Positive treatment
6.4 score
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985
2005
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 37 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Limited
Pinder v. Commissioners of Cambridge
The Court notes that prior to DeShaney , the Fourth Circuit established a conceptual *390 framework for examining whether a state had an affirmative duty under the due process clause to protect an individual from harm in Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-94 (4th Cir.1984) cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (Fourth Circuit made explicit that “a right to affirmative protection need not be limited by a determination that there was a ‘custodial relationship’ ”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Isaac v. City of New York
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81 , 93 n. 17 (2d Cir. 1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (noting that a “trial judge has broad discretion to organize or limit the use of evidence to refresh recollection”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Duluth News-Tribune v. Mesabi Publishing Company
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (finding "Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS" to be descriptive), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985). 10 We find that the district court properly classified plaintiff's mark, "Duluth News-Tribune," as descriptive.
discussed
Cited "see"
Duluth News-Tribune, a Division of Northwest Publications, Inc. v. Mesabi Publishing Co.
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (finding “Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS” to be descriptive), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
White v. Town of Chapel Hill
See Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194-95 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Cognotec Services Ltd. v. Morgan Guaranty Trust Co.
See Twentieth Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 91 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 *51 (1985); Wojnarowicz v. American Family Assoc., 745 F.Supp. 130, 141 (S.D.N.Y.1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Williamson v. City of Virginia Beach, Va.
See Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); see also Cleveland-Perdue v. Brutsche, 881 F.2d 427, 431 (7th Cir.1989), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 111 S.Ct. 368 , 112 L.Ed.2d 331 (1990).
cited
Cited "see"
Contemporary Restaurant Concepts, Ltd. v. Las Tapas-Jacksonville, Inc.
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81 (2d Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Papercutter, Inc., Appellant-Cross-Appellee v. Fay's Drug Co., Inc., Appellee-Cross-Appellant
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81 , 88-89 n. 8 (2d Cir.1984) (citing Dan Robbins & Assoc., Inc. v. Questor Corp., 599 F.2d 1009, 1013-14 (C.C.P.A.1979)), cer t. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
John E. Green v. J. Kenneth Brantley, Edgar v. Lewis, Craig R. Smith, Garland P. Castleberry
(2×)
See Campbell v. Pierce County, 741 F.2d 1342, 1344 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985). 8 Defendants filed a motion for summary judgment as to the property interest claim on the ground of qualified immunity.
discussed
Cited "see"
Cullman Ventures, Inc. v. Columbian Art Works, Inc.
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 93 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); Perfect Fit Indus., Inc. v. Acme Quilting Co., 618 F.2d 950, 953 (2d Cir 1980).
cited
Cited "see"
Sowers v. Bradford Area School District
See Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194-95 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Varitronics Systems, Inc. v. Merlin Equipment, Inc.
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , *1208 84 L.Ed.2d 818 .
discussed
Cited "see"
G. Heileman Brewing Co. v. Anheuser-Busch Inc.
(2×)
See 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust, Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 90 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); Scott Paper Company v. Scott’s Liquid Gold, Inc., 589 F.2d 1225, 1231 (3d Cir.1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Willbanks v. Smith County, Tex.
See Campbell v. Pierce County, Georgia, 741 F.2d 1342, 1345-46 (11th Cir.1984), cert, denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Stormy Clime Ltd. v. Progroup, Inc.
See LeSportsac, supra, 754 F.2d at 75 (quoting 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 92 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985)); Warner Bros., Inc. v. Gay Toys, Inc., 724 F.2d 327, 332 (2d Cir.1983) (Warner II); Vibrant Sales, Inc. v. New Body Boutique, Inc., 652 F.2d 299, 303 (2d Cir.1981), cert. de nied, 455 U.S. 909 , 102 S.Ct. 1257 , 71 L.Ed.2d 448 (1982); Litton Systems, Inc. v. Whirlpool Corp., 728 F.2d 1423, 1444-45 (Fed.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
TM Ex Rel. RT v. Carson
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-91 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (discussing prison cases); Society for Good Will to Retarded Children, Inc. v. Cuomo, 737 F.2d 1239, 1243 (2d Cir. 1984) (retarded children in state custody); Rubacha ex rel.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
T.M. ex rel. R.T. v. Carson
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-91 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985) (discussing prison cases); Society for Good Will to Retarded Children, Inc. v. Cuomo, 737 F.2d 1239, 1243 (2d Cir.1984) (retarded children in state custody); Rubacha ex rel.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. John Labatt Limited Labatt Brewing Company Limited Labatt's Usa, Inc. Labatt Importers, Inc., Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. John Labatt Limited Labatt Brewing Company Limited Labatt's Usa, Inc. Labatt Importers, Inc.
See also 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (holding that "Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS" is descriptive), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. John Labatt Ltd.
See also 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87-88 (2d Cir.1984) (holding that "Cozy Warm ENERGY-SAVERS" is descriptive), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Eric L. by and Through Schierberl v. Bird
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 570 F.Supp. 91, 112-13 (D.S.C.1983) (holding identical provision' of CAPTA unenforceable under § 1983), aff'd, 747 F.2d 185 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); Baby Neal, 821 F.Supp. at 328-29 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Monoflo International, Inc. v. Sahm
See, e.g., 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81 , 92 n. 15 (2d Cir.1984) (pre-Lanham Act decisions based on federal common law of unfair competition persuasive but not controlling), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); Toho Co. v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 645 F.2d 788, 794 (California unfair competition misappropriation laws stem from pre-Erie doctrine of federal common law). 13 .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Edwards v. Johnston County Health Department
Id.; see, e.g., Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194 (4th Cir.1984) (noting, in dicta, that a constitutional right to affirmative State protection may arise from a non-custodial relationship), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Edwards v. Johnston County Health Department
Id.; see, e.g., Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 194 (4th Cir.1984) (noting, in dicta, that a constitutional right to affirmative State protection may arise from a non-custodial relationship), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Lovell v. Floyd County
Liberty Interest “[T]he dismissal of a government employee accompanied by a ‘charge against him that might seriously damage his standing and associations in the community’ ... triggers] the due process right to a hearing at which the employee could refute the charges and publicly clear his name.” Owen v. City of Independence, 445 U.S. 622 , 633 n. 13, 100 S.Ct. 1398 , 1406 n. 13, 63 L.Ed.2d 673 (1980), quoting Roth, 408 U.S. at 573 , 92 S.Ct. at 2707 ; see also Campbell v. Pierce County, Georgia, 741 F.2d 1342, 1344 (11th Cir.1984) (right to hearing applies to “at will” employees),…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Hasbro, Inc. v. Lanard Toys, Ltd.
“A term is descriptive if it forthwith conveys an immediate idea of the ingredients, qualities or characteristics of the goods,” Stix Products, 295 F.Supp. at 488 , quoted in Abercrombie & Fitch, 537 F.2d at 11 , or if it “describe[s] the use to which a product is put,” Thompson Medical Co., 753 F.2d at 216 ; see Park ’N Fly, Inc. v. Dollar Park and Fly, Inc., 469 U.S. 189, 194 , 105 S.Ct. 658 , 83 L.Ed.2d 582 (1985); see also 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87 (2d Cir.1984) (adopting the Stix Products test), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Stoneking v. Bradford Area School District
(2×)
See Wood v. Ostrander, 851 F.2d 1212, 1218 (1988) (law clearly established that police officer has duty under section 1983 not to abandon passengers of arrested drivers thereby exposing them to unreasonable danger); Taylor v. Ledbetter, 818 F.2d 791 (11th Cir.1987) (in banc) (holding that “a child involuntarily placed in a foster home is in a situation so analogous to a prisoner in a penal institution and a child confined in a mental health facility that the foster child may bring a section 1983 action [against the foster care agency] for violation of fourteenth amendment rights [for failure…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Kathleen Stoneking v. Bradford Area School District
(2×)
See Wood v. Ostrander, 851 F.2d 1212, 1218 (9th Cir. 1988) (law clearly established that police officer has duty under section 1983 not to abandon passengers of arrested drivers thereby exposing them to unreasonable danger); Taylor v. Ledbetter, 818 F.2d 791 (11th Cir.1987) (in banc) (holding that "a child involuntarily placed in a foster home is in a situation so analogous to a prisoner in a penal institution and a child confined in a mental health facility that the foster child may bring a section 1983 action [against the foster care agency] for violation of fourteenth amendment rights [for …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Commonwealth Bank & Trust Company, N.A., Estates of Frank N. Lent and Betty J. Lent v. Dale \Bill\" Russell
See Estate of Bailey v. County of York, 768 F.2d 503 , 508-11 (3d Cir.1985); see also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 191-94 (4th Cir.1984) (suggesting that special relationship and hence cause of action might exist against state agencies which failed to intervene to prevent beatings of children by their guardians), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); cf. Doe v. New York City Department of Social Services, 649 F.2d 134 , 141-45 (2d Cir.1981) (Doe I).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Harpole v. Arkansas Department Of Human Services
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-94 (4th Cir.1984) (recognizing special relationships), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985). 21 The Seventh Circuit, however, has expressly rejected the idea that special relationships exist in situations other than between a prison and its inmates.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Harpole v. Arkansas Department of Human Services
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-94 (4th Cir.1984) (recognizing special relationships), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Karmikel Corp. v. May Dept. Stores Co., Inc.
In order to determine the “distinctiveness” of a mark, the courts divide trademarks into four categories: “(1) generic, (2) descriptive, (3) suggestive, and (4) arbitrary or fanciful.” McGregor-Doniger, supra, 599 F.2d at 1131 ; see also 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 87 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Jewelers of America, Inc. v. Amirghanyan
See also 20th Century Wear, Inc. v. Sanmark-Stardust Inc., 747 F.2d 81, 90 (2d Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1755 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Barbera v. Smith
See also Jensen v. Conrad, 747 F.2d 185, 190-94 (4th Cir.1984), ce rt. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
John Doe v. William J. Casey, Director, C.I.A.
(2×)
See, e.g., Campbell v. Pierce County, 741 F.2d 1342, 1345-46 (11th Cir.1984) (rejecting liberty interest due process claim when plaintiff had notice and the opportunity to rebut claims of insubordination and mishandling of funds), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); Endicott, 644 F.2d at 1216 (rejecting requirement that government call witnesses whom the employee’s counsel could cross-examine).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Rice v. Vigil
See also Campbell v. Pierce County, 741 F.2d 1342, 1345 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 470 U.S. 1052 , 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (U.S. 1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Estate of Gilmore v. Buckley
See, e.g., Jensen v. Conrad, 570 F.Supp. 114 (D.S.C.1983) (social service workers’ failure to investigate and protect reported victims of child abuse actionable under § 1983), aff'd in part and dismissed in part, 747 F.2d 185 (4th Cir.1984), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 1754 , 84 L.Ed.2d 818 (1985); 3 Beck v. Kansas University Psychiatry Foundation, 580 F.Supp. 527 (D.Kan.1984) (plaintiffs stated a cause of action under § 1983 against officials who released prisoner known to pose a special risk to decedents).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Monzello
v.
Automobile Club of Southern California
v.
Automobile Club of Southern California
No. 84-1174.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Mar 18, 1985.
Published
C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.