green
Positive treatment
Circuit Split
Quoted verbatim 2×
14.4 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 1 distinct case, last quoted 1999 ·
…actual or constructive knowledge of such custom must be attributable to the governing body of the municipality or to an official to whom that body had delegated policy-making authority.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985
2005
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
United States v. Leonard Wayne Kragness, A/K/A Sonny Kragness, United States of America v. Dennis Lloyd Deters, United States of America v. Peter Bernhard Caspersen, United States of America v. Jerald Arthur Holbrook, United States of America v. Ronald Francis Prescott
See United States v. Phillips, 664 F.2d 971, 1038-39 (5th Cir. Unit B 1981), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1136 , 102 S.Ct. 2965 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1354 (1982); but see United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1360-61 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985). 20 66 Any error involved in charging 10(a) and 10(b) as separate predicate acts is harmless as to Kragness because he was convicted on Count XI, which charged a substantive offense identical to Count II's predicate act 10(d).
discussed
Cited "but see"
United States v. Kragness
See United States v. Phillips, 664 F.2d 971, 1038-39 (5th Cir. Unit B 1981), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1136 , 102 S.Ct. 2965 , 73 L.Ed.2d 1354 (1982); but see United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1360-61 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985). 20 Any error involved in charging 10(a) and 10(b) as separate predicate acts is harmless as to Kragness because he was convicted on Count XI, which charged a substantive offense identical to Count II's predicate act 10(d).
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Abdeljalil v. City of Fort Worth
(2×)
actual or constructive knowledge of such custom must be attributable to the governing body of the municipality or to an official to whom that body had delegated policy-making authority.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
Elkins v. McKenzie
Where the suspect poses no immediate threat to the officer and no threat to others, the harm resulting from failing to apprehend him does not justify the use of deadly force to do so." *1080 Tennessee, 471 U.S. at 11, 105 S.Ct. at 1701.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
Greg Elkins v. Modena McKenzie
Where the suspect poses no immediate threat to the officer and no threat to others, the harm resulting from failing to apprehend him does not justify the use of deadly force to do so." Tennessee, 471 U.S. at 11, 105 S.Ct. at 1701.
examined
Cited as authority (rule)
Jackson Court Condominiums, Inc. v. City of New Orleans
(6×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
Id. at 661.
discussed
Cited "see"
Hernandez v. Brown
(2×)
To state a claim for municipal policy liability under § 1983, a “whose edicts or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy” for which the county may be held responsible under section 1983. 619 F.2d 391, 404 (5th Cir.1980) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 694 , 98 S.Ct. at 2037 , citations omitted); see Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 796 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985). 5 Hernandez argues, without factual allegation or legal citation, that the Dallas County Commissioner’s Court delegated policymaking authori…
discussed
Cited "see"
Self v. City of Mansfield
(2×)
See Bennett v. City of Slidell , 728 F.2d 762 , 767 (5th Cir. 1984) (en banc), cert. denied , 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985). " 'Isolated violations are not the persistent, often repeated, constant violations that constitute custom and policy' as required for municipal section 1983 liability." Gates v. Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services , 537 F.3d 404 , 437 (5th Cir. 2008) (quoting Campbell v. City of San Antonio , 43 F.3d 973 , 977 (5th Cir. 1995) (quoting Bennett , 728 F.2d at 768 n.3 )); see also Piotrowski , 237 F.3d at 578 ("[T]he unconstitution…
discussed
Cited "see"
McIntosh Ex Rel. Estate of McIntosh v. Smith
(2×)
See Monell v. Department of Social Services of City of New York, 436 U.S. 658 , 98 S.Ct. 2018 , 2022 & n. 7, 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978) (reaffirming that “the doctrine of respondeat superior is not a basis for rendering municipalities liable under § 1983”). “[Isolated unconstitutional actions by municipal employees will almost never trigger liability.” Piotrowski v. City of Houston, 237 F.3d 567, 578 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 534 U.S. 820 , 122 S.Ct. 53 , 151 L.Ed.2d 23 (2001) (citing Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 , 768 n. 3 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct…
discussed
Cited "see"
Fritz v. City of Corrigan
(2×)
See Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 767 (5th Cir.) (en banc), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Casanova v. City of Brookshire
(2×)
See Fraire, 957 F.2d at 1278 (citing Rodriguez, 871 F.2d at 554 ); accord Thompson v. City of Los Angeles, 885 F.2d 1439, 1443-44 (9th Cir.1989). “ ‘Isolated violations are not the persistent, often repeated constant violations that constitute custom and policy-’ as required for municipal section 1983 liability.” Campbell, 43 F.3d at 977 (quoting Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 , 768 n. 3 (5th Cir.1984), cert denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Casanova v. City of Brookshire
(2×)
See Fraire, 957 F.2d at 1278 (citing Rodriguez, 871 F.2d at 554 ); accord Thompson v. City of Los Angeles, 885 F.2d 1439, 1443-44 (9th Cir.1989). "`Isolated violations are not the persistent, often repeated constant violations that constitute custom and policy' as required for municipal section 1983 liability." Campbell, 43 F.3d at 977 (quoting Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 , 768 n. 3 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Holland Ex Rel. Holland v. City of Houston
(2×)
Dist. v. Doyle, 429 U.S. 274, 280 , 97 S.Ct. 568 , 50 L.Ed.2d 471 (1977))); see Van Ooteghem v. Gray, 584 F.Supp. 897, 898 (S.D.Tex.1984), aff'd as modified, 774 F.2d 1332 (5th Cir.1985) (citing Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 , 765 n. 1 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Boone v. City of Burleson
(2×)
See Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 767 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sharp v. City of Houston
(2×)
Dist., 996 F.2d 745 , 754 (5th Cir.1993)). *1174 With respect to official policy or custom, “[a]llegations of an isolated incident are not sufficient to show the existence of a custom or policy.” Fraire v. City of Arlington, 957 F.2d 1268, 1278 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 973 , 113 S.Ct. 462 , 121 L.Ed.2d 371 (1992) (citing Rodriguez, 871 F.2d at 554 ); accord Palmer v. City of San Antonio, 810 F.2d 514, 516 (5th Cir.1987). “ ‘Isolated violations are not the persistent, often repeated constant violations that constitute custom and policy’ as required for municipal section 1983…
discussed
Cited "see"
Comfort v. Town of Pittsfield
(2×)
A policymaker, however, need not have “official” authority to make final decisions, such authority can be “implied from a continued course of knowing acquiescence by the governing body in the exercising of policymaking authority by an agency or official.” Spell, 824 F.2d at 1387 ; see Bennett v. Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 769 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc) (governing body may delegate policymaking authority by “its conduct or practice, [thus] eneourag[ing] or acknowledg[ing] the agent in a policymaking role.”), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Jordan ex rel. Jordan v. Jackson
(2×)
See 810 F.2d at 516-17 (“the assertion of a single incident is not sufficient to show that a policy or custom exists on the part of a municipality”) (citing Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 , 768 n. 3 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Jordan v. Jackson
(2×)
See 810 F.2d at 516-17 ("the assertion of a single incident is not sufficient to show that a policy or custom exists on the part of a municipality") (citing Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 , 768 n. 3 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc ), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985)). 16 We thus conclude that, after Leatherman, a section 1983 plaintiff seeking to impose municipal liability must satisfy only the usual requirements of notice pleading specified by the Federal Rules. 5 He is required under Rule 8(a)(2) to provide nothing more than " 'a short and plain statemen…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Noble C. Beasley, Andre Bruce White, Stephanie Nodd, Richard Stanberry
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1354 (11th Cir.1984) ("prosecutorial appeals for the jury to act as the conscience of the community’ are not impermissible, unless calculated to inflame”), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985); see also United States v. Solivan, 937 F.2d 1146, 1153 (6th Cir.1991) ("defendant’s constitutional right to a fair trial was violated because the appeal to the community conscience in the context of the War on Drugs prejudicially impacted on her"). 25 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Ellis v. Coffee County Board Of Registrars
(2×)
Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); see Bennett v. City of Slidell, 697 F.2d 657 , 660 n. 8 (5th Cir.1983) (Speculation and conjecture that city council members voted to deny a liquor license until receipt of an occupancy permit because of personal bias and familial ties were insufficient to present a jury question, when the record showed that the council members were acting according to requisite procedure.), modified on other grounds en banc, 728 F.2d 762 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985). 22 Because we find th…
discussed
Cited "see"
Ellis v. Coffee County Board of Registrars
(2×)
Healy v. Town of Pembroke Park, 831 F.2d 989, 993 (11th Cir.1987); see Bennett v. City of Slidell, 697 F.2d 657 , 660 n. 8 (5th Cir.1983) (Speculation and conjecture that city council members voted to deny a liquor license until receipt of an occupancy permit because of personal bias and familial ties were insufficient to present a jury question, when the record showed that the council members were acting according to requisite procedure.), modified on other grounds en banc, 728 F.2d 762 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Glen Butz Danner L. Boone
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1346-47 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985); United States v. McNulty, 729 F.2d 1243, 1264-65 (10th Cir.1983) (en banc); United States v. Nelligan, 573 F.2d 251, 254 (5th Cir.1978); United States v. Marion, 535 F.2d 697, 702 (2d Cir.1976).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Lamar Harris, A/K/A Cheese, United States of America v. Gary Wyche, A/K/A Gary Gunter, Drago, United States of America v. Donald Johnson, A/K/A Danny, United States of America v. Michael Palmer, A/K/A Knot, Tony, James, United States of America v. Richard A. Smith, A/K/A Rich, Mo, Richmo
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1365 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985); cf. Peretz v. United States, --- U.S. ----, 111 S.Ct. 2661, 2669 , 115 L.Ed.2d 808 (1991) (stating that the basic rights of criminal defendants are waivable) 3 Under Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299 , 52 S.Ct. 180 , 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932), "[t]he applicable rule is that where the same act or transaction constitutes a violation of two distinct statutory provisions, the test to be applied to determine whether there are two offenses or only one, is whethe…
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Harris
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1365 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985); cf. Peretz v. United States, — U.S. -, 111 S.Ct. 2661, 2669 , 115 L.Ed.2d 808 (1991) (stating that the basic rights of criminal defendants are waivable). .
discussed
Cited "see"
Floyd Sanders, III v. Don English, Curtis McCoy Ed Perry, and the City of Mansfield
(2×)
See Thomas v. Sams, 734 F.2d 185, 191 (5th Cir.) (defendant’s malicious conduct constituted improper arrest), amended, 741 F.2d 783 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Hammond v. Katy Independent School District
(2×)
See Jett, 798 F.2d at 759 (citing Bennett v. City of Slidell, 735 F.2d 861, 862 (5th Cir.1984) (per curiam), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Mary Turner, A/K/A Mary Turner Hind, a Feme Sole v. Upton County, Texas
(2×)
Familias Unidas v. Briscoe, 619 F.2d 391, 404 (5th Cir.1980) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 694 , 98 S.Ct. at 2037 , citations omitted); see Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 796 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Robert Roman Young, Zed Myers Bennett, Steven Alan Carver
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Juan Delgado, Dagoberto Silva, Henry Escobar
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1359 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. George M. Khoury
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1344 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 3477, 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985). 4 .
cited
Cited "see"
Shaktman v. State
Accord United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335 , 1345 (11th Cir.1984), cert. denied, Hobson v. United States, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985); Hudson, 368 So.2d at 902 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Mary Jane CURTIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BILL HANNA FORD, INC., Defendant-Appellee
(2×)
See Thomas v. Sams, 734 F.2d 185, 193 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Collin County v. Homeowners Ass'n for Values Essential to Neighborhoods (HAVEN)
(2×)
See Thomas v. Sams, 734 F.2d 185, 189-190 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985) (setting forth test for whether acts of judge are "judicial").
discussed
Cited "see"
Woodley v. Town of Nantucket
(2×)
See Bennett v. Slidell, 5 Cir.1984, 728 F.2d 762, 771-72 (en banc) (Politz, J. dissenting), cert. denied, 1985, — U.S. —, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Marion Van Horn, Scott Bertelsen, Gary Balough, Dennis Kay, Robert Van Horn, Dennis Cason, Thomas Sikes, John Crosby Bertelsen, Joseph William Campbell, United States of America v. William Joseph Harvey, A/K/A Billy
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1342-43 (11th Cir.1984) (marijuana offenses may be predicate acts for RICO charge), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 3477, 3488, 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985); United States v. Pepe, 747 F.2d 632, 659-60 (11th Cir.1984) (RICO conspiracy requires that defendant agree to commit the two predicate acts and be aware that others have done so); United States v. Hewes, 729 F.2d 1302, 1310-11 (11th Cir.1984) (definition of RICO enterprise), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 790 , 83 L.Ed.2d 783 (1985).
examined
Cited "see"
Ralph Partridge and Betty Partridge v. Two Unknown Police Officers of the City of Houston, Texas
(4×)
See Grandstaff v. City of Borger, 767 F.2d 161, 169-70 (5th Cir.1985) 27 735 F.2d 861, 862 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc) (per curiam), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985) 28 735 F.2d at 862 29 Id 30 See Kauffman v. Moss, 420 F.2d 1270, 1276 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 846 , 91 S.Ct. 93 , 27 L.Ed.2d 84 (1970); 5 C.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Van Horn
See United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335, 1342-43 (11th Cir. 1984) (marijuana offenses may be predicate acts for RICO charge), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 3477, 3488, 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1985); United States v. Pepe, 747 F.2d 632, 659-60 (11th Cir.1984) (RICO conspiracy requires that defendant agree to commit the two predicate acts and be aware that others have done so); United States v. Hewes, 729 F.2d 1302, 1310-11 (11th Cir.1984) (definition of RICO enterprise), ce rt. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 790 , 83 L.Ed.2d 783 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Coon v. Ledbetter
(2×)
See Bennett v. City of Slidell, 735 F.2d 861 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc) (denying reh’g (with opinion)), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Coon v. Ledbetter
(2×)
See Bennett v. City of Slidell, 735 F.2d 861 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc) (denying reh'g (with opinion)), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
examined
Cited "see"
Ronald Rhode v. Rathell Denson and San Jacinto County, San Jacinto County
(4×)
See Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 796 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, - U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
City of Edgewater v. Montesano
(2×)
See Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 (5th Cir.1984), cert. den., — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985); Herrera v. Valentine, 653 F.2d 1220 (8th Cir.1981); Turpin v. Mailet, 619 F.2d 196 (2d Cir.1980), cert. den., 449 U.S. 1016 , 101 S.Ct. 577 , 66 L.Ed.2d 475 (1980).
examined
Cited "see"
Lacey v. Borough of Darby, Pa.
(4×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
David Neubauer v. City of McAllen Texas, Calvin Gibson, C.D. Mussey, and Frank Jurek
(2×)
Ct. at 2036-37; see Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 766 (en banc), modified, 735 F.2d 861 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc) (per curiam), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Barnett v. Texas Wrestling Ass'n
(2×)
It must, however, be so permanent and well settled "`as to constitute a "custom or usage" with the force of law,'" id. (quoting Adickes, 398 U.S. at 167-68 , 90 S.Ct. 1598 ); see also Johnson v. Moore, 958 F.2d 92, 94 (5th Cir.1992), and must result from the decisions of a "duly constituted legislative body or of those officials whose acts may fairly be said to be those of the municipality," Brown, 117 S.Ct. at 1388 , 117 S.Ct. 1382 ; see also Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 767 (5th Cir. 1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985). 1.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Barnett v. Texas Wrestling Ass'n
(2×)
It must, however, be so permanent and well settled “ ‘as to constitute a “custom or usage” with the force of law,’ ” id. (quoting Adickes, 398 U.S. at 167-68 , 90 S.Ct. 1598 ); see also Johnson v. Moore, 958 F.2d 92, 94 (5th Cir.1992), and must result from the decisions of a “duly constituted legislative body or of those officials whose acts may fairly be said to be those of the municipality,” Brown, 117 S.Ct. at 1388 , 117 S.Ct. 1382 ; see also Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762, 767 (5th Cir.1984) (en banc), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 …
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Brown v. Bryan County
(2×)
See, e.g., Bennett v. City of Slidell, 728 F.2d 762 , 768 n. 3 (5th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1016 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 612 (1985); Fraire v. City of Arlington, 957 F.2d 1268 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 113 S.Ct. 462 , 121 L.Ed.2d 371 (1992).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Ward
See also United States v. Bascaro, 742 F.2d 1335 , reh’g denied 749 F.2d 733 , cert. denied, Hobson v. United States, 472 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 3476 , 87 L.Ed.2d 613 (1984) (“knowledge” element of conspiracy refers to knowledge element of conspiracy).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Bockes v. Fields
(2×)
A county is subject to municipal liability “when execution of a government’s policy or custom, whether made by its lawmakers or by those whose edicts or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy, inflicts the injury.” Spell v. McDaniel, 824 F.2d 1380, 1385 (4th Cir.1987) (quoting Monell v. Department of Social Services, 436 U.S. 658, 694 , 98 S.Ct. 2018, 2037 , 56 L.Ed.2d 611 (1978)), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 1027 , 108 S.Ct. 752 , 98 L.Ed.2d 765 (1988). “ ‘[Pjolicymaking authority’ implies authority to set and implement general goals and programs of municipal government, …
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Bennett
v.
City of Slidell
v.
City of Slidell
No. 84-797.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Jun 17, 1985.
Cited by 1 opinion | Published
Citer courts: Fifth Circuit (4) · N.D. Texas (2)
C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.