green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
10.2 score
G Cite
cited 2× by 1 distinct case, last quoted 1996 ·
…elrod and branti require examination of the powers inherent in a given office, as opposed to the functions performed by a particular occupant of that office
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1985 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1985
2005
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 40 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Selch v. Letts
(2×)
But cf. Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.1985) (holding that the plaintiff was a policymaker because “[w]hile the ultimate goal of all sides might be the same, there [was] clearly room for principled disagreement in the development and implementation of plans to achieve that goal”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Milazzo v. O'CONNELL
(2×)
elrod and branti require examination of the powers inherent in a given office, as opposed to the functions performed by a particular occupant of that office
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Underwood v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.
unlike preemption under the nlra, the preemption of state law claims under the rla has been more complete
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
Carr v. Fort Morgan School District
Front Pay/Instatement Issues In a Title VII 1 - case asserting violations of a plaintiffs civil rights, “reinstatement is the preferred remedy.” Jackson v. City of Albuquerque, 890 F.2d 225 , (10th Cir.1989), quoting E.E.O.C. v. Prudential Federal Savings and Loan Ass’n, 763 F.2d 1166 (10th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106, S.Ct. 312, 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Starrett v. Wadley, 876 F.2d 808, 824 (10th Cir.1989); Spulak v. K Mart Corp., 894 F.2d 1150, 1157 (10th Cir.1990) (ADEA case); Anderson v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 861 F.2d 631, 637 (10th Cir.1989) (ADEA case); Lemons v. IC…
discussed
Cited "see"
Aquilino v. University of Kansas
See id. (citing E.E.O.C. v. Prudential Federal Sav. efe Loan Ass’n, 763 F.2d 1166, 1172 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985)); Daneshvar, 40 F.Supp.2d at 1241 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Nasim v. Warden, Maryland House of Correction
See Peterson v. Air Line Pilots Ass'n, Int’l, 759 F.2d 1161, 1164 (4th Cir.) (“It is well settled that the defense of limitations is waived unless asserted by way of answer or motion”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985). .
examined
Cited "see"
Jeffrey L. Heideman v. Wayne Wirsing and Price County, Wisconsin
(4×)
“The test is whether the position held by the individual authorizes, either directly or indirectly, meaningful input into governmental decisionmaking on issues where there is room for principled disagreement on goals or their implementation.” Nekolny v. Painter, 653 F.2d 1164, 1170 (7th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1021 , 102 S.Ct. 1719 , 72 L.Ed.2d 139 (1982); accord Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Tom v. Sheahan
(2×)
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Patrick J. O'COnnOr v. Robert W. Steeves
(2×)
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985) (cautioning against “unduly myopic view” of “the role of politics in the seemingly apolitical context of universal provision of services”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Cafritz Co. v. District of Columbia Rental Housing Commission
Phillips Petroleum Company v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 253 U.S.App.D.C. 211, 215-216 , 792 F.2d 1165 , 1169-70 (1986) (no deference accorded agency’s erroneous interpretation of the applicability of a Supreme Court decision); Walker Operating Corporation v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 874 F.2d 1320 , 1332 (10th Cir.) (same; interpretation of state law), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 954 , 110 S.Ct. 365 , 107 L.Ed.2d 352 (1989); accord, Prill v. National Labor Relations Board, 244 U.S.App.D.C. 42, 48 , 755 F.2d 941, 947 , cert. denied, 474 U.S. 948 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d…
discussed
Cited "see"
Rakestraw v. United Airlines, Inc.
See Peterson v. Air Line Pilots Ass’n, Int’l, 759 F.2d 1161, 1170-71 (4th Cir.) (where state claim of tortious interference with contract is “essentially identical to the duty of fair representation claim, ... the potential conflict between remedies and administration [of federal and state law] are too great to permit the state claims to stand”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
examined
Cited "see"
Barbara Faughender v. City of North Olmsted, Ohio and M. Yvonne Petragic, Mayor of the City of North Olmsted
(4×)
Accord Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Jimenez-Fuentes v. Torres-Gaztambide, 807 F.2d 236 (1st Cir.1986) (en banc), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1014 , 107 S.Ct. 1888 , 95 L.Ed.2d 496 (1987); Brown v. Trench, 787 F.2d 167 (3d Cir.1986); Stott v. Haworth, 916 F.2d 134 (4th Cir.1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Lohorn v. Michal
(2×)
In sum, the ultimate inquiry is not whether the label "policymaker" or "confidential" fits a particular position; rather, the question is whether the hiring authority can demonstrate that party affiliation is an appropriate requirement for the effective performance of the public office involved. 31 Id. (emphasis supplied); see Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 639-40 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Lohorn v. Michal
(2×)
Id. (emphasis supplied); see Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 639-40 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Western Fuels-Utah, Inc. v. Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior, Peabody Coal Company v. Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior, Colowyo Coal Company v. Manuel Lujan, Jr., Secretary of the United States Department of the Interior
See Prill v. NLRB, 755 F.2d 941 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 948 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 294 (1985) (agency action cannot be upheld if it was based on mistaken belief that it was compelled by statute) 14 This conclusion applies a fortiori to the one lease at issue for which the readjustment clause does not contain the word "reasonably." See supra note 1 15 In his brief, the Secretary states that for a lease readjustment to be timely, the BLM need only send a NIRL prior to the lease's anniversary date, and later transmit the proposed lease terms within the time specified in the NIRL.
discussed
Cited "see"
Western Fuels-Utah, Inc v. Lujan
See Prill v. NLRB, 755 F.2d 941 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 948 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 294 (1985) (agency action cannot be upheld if it was based on mistaken belief that it was compelled by statute). .
cited
Cited "see"
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Illinois
See generally, EEOC v. Prudential Federal Savings and Loan Ass’n., 763 F.2d 1166, 1169 (10th Cir.1985) cert. denied 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Robert T. Ewing v. National Labor Relations Board, Herbert F. Darling, Inc., Intervenor
Accord Prill v. NLRB, 755 F.2d 941 (D.C.Cir.) (“Prill I”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 948 , 971, 106 S.Ct. 313 , 352, 88 L.Ed.2d 294 , 320 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Savage v. Gorski
(2×)
See Tomczak v. Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 642 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Ecker v. Cohalan, 542 F.Supp. 896, 901-02 (E.D.N.Y.1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Savage v. Gorski
(2×)
See Tomczak v. Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 642 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Ecker v. Cohalan, 542 F.Supp. 896, 901-02 (E.D.N.Y.1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Erma Ray v. City of Leeds, and Jack Courson, Individually and in His Capacity as Mayor of the City of Leeds
(2×)
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.) (finding that “an employee’s position is unprotected if, first, there is room for principled disagreement in the decisions reached by the employee and his superiors, and, second, he has meaningful direct or indirect input into the decisionmaking process”), ce rt. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); accord Jimenez Fuentes v. Torres Gaztambide, 807 F.2d 236, 241-42 (1st Cir.1986) (en banc), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 107 S.Ct. 1888 , 95 L.Ed.2d 496 (1987).
examined
Cited "see"
Luis O. Juarbe-Angueira v. Luis Rafael Arias, Director of the Public Building Authority
(4×)
See Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946, 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
National Labor Relations Board v. Chelsea Laboratories, Inc.
See Meyers Industries, Inc., 268 NLRB 493 , 497 (1984) (“In general, to find an employee’s activity to be ‘concerted,’ we shall require that it be engaged in with or on the authority of other employees.... ”), rev’d sub nom., Prill v. N.L.R.B., 755 F.2d 941 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 948 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 294 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Bruce Gilchrist v. Jim Slemons Imports, Inc., and Jim Slemons
See EEOC v. Prudential Federal Savings & Loan Association, 763 F.2d 1166, 1174-75 (10th Cir.) (Prudential Federal) cert. denied, --- U.S. ---, 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
cited
Cited "see"
Walter J. Slaughter v. National Labor Relations Board, E.I. Dupont Denemours & Company, Intervenor
See Prill v. N.L.R.B., 755 F.2d 941, 942 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied sub nom., Meyers Industries v. Prill, — U.S. —, 106 S.Ct. 313, 352 , 188 L.Ed.2d 294 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see"
Reiss v. Brotherhood of Railway & Airline Clerks
See Peterson v. Air Line Pilots Association, International, 759 F.2d 1161, 1168-71 (4th Cir.) (holding that Railway Labor Act preempts plaintiff’s state law claims), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Fields v. State
(2×)
See also Allen v. City of Kinloch, 763 F.2d 335, 336-37 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985) wherein the Eighth Circuit noted that "where a random and unauthorized act by a state employee results in a tortious taking of private property, due process is satisfied if state tort law provides a meaningful post-deprivation remedy." CONCLUSION The judgment of the trial court is reversed.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Ortiz v. San Miguel County
See also Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 *1345 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985) (affirming Nekolny standard).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Waskovich v. Morgano
(2×)
Id. at 343; see also Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.) (holding that Director First Deputy Commissioner of Chicago’s Water Department could be dismissed on the basis of his political affiliation and stating that “[e]lections often turn on the success or failure of the incumbent to provide [public] services”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Waskovich v. Morgano
(2×)
When elected, the commissioner has every reason to believe that the only way to fulfill these promises is to appoint a VSO with a similar ideology. 53 Id. at 343 ; see also Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 641 (7th Cir.) (holding that Director First Deputy Commissioner of Chicago's Water Department could be dismissed on the basis of his political affiliation and stating that "[e]lections often turn on the success or failure of the incumbent to provide [public] services"), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985). 54 Although the VSO in Pounds possessed substa…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Nellis v. Air Line Pilots Ass'n
See, e.g., Peterson v. Air Line Pilots Ass’n, International, 759 F.2d 1161, 1169 (4th Cir.) (“The scheme of remedies and procedures carefully crafted in the RLA has long been interpreted as evidence of congressional intent significantly to limit an aggrieved employee’s right to resort to state law as an alternative remedy for a wrongful discharge_ Unlike preemption under the NLRA, the preemption of state law claims under the RLA has been more complete.”), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Gard Corp.
Id.; see also EEOC v. Prudential Federal Savings & Loan Ass’n, 763 F.2d 1166, 1169 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985) (when employer rejected EEOC’s proposal and refused to offer serious counter-proposals, district court properly refused to dismiss action for alleged failure of EEOC to conciliate).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
John H. Lewis v. Federal Prison Industries, Inc., a Corporation Chartered Under the Laws of the United States
(2×)
See also E.E.O.C. v. Prudential Federal Savings and Loan Ass’n, 763 F.2d 1166, 1172 (10th Cir.1985), cert. den. 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Dickerson v.. Deluxe Check Printers, Inc., 703 F.2d 276, 281 (8th Cir.1983).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Norma J. Ware v. Unified School District No. 492
See also EEOC v. Prudential Federal Savings and Loan Association, 763 F.2d 1166 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Ware v. Unified School District No. 492
See also EEOC v. Prudential Federal Savings and Loan Association, 763 F.2d 1166 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Gunther Graefenhain and Philip Miller, Cross-Appellees v. Pabst Brewing Company, Cross-Appellant
Blum v. Witco Chemical Corp., 829 F.2d 367, 374 (3d Cir.1987) (citation and footnotes omitted); see also, EEOC v. Prudential Sav. & Loan Ass ’n, 763 F.2d 1166, 1173 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 946 , 106 S.Ct. 312 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Syvock v. Milwaukee Boiler Mfg.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Murtaugh v. City of Chicago
(2×)
See also Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633, 635-36 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985). .
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Luisa A. De Abadia v. Hon. Luis Izquierdo Mora
(2×)
See, e.g., Tomczak v. City of Chicago, 765 F.2d 633 (7th Cir.) (party affiliation was an appropriate prerequisite for position of First Deputy Commissioner of the Department of Water for the City of Chicago), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 289 (1985); Shakman v. Democratic Organization of Cook County, 722 F.2d 1307, 1310 (7th Cir.) (per curiam) (party affiliation was an appropriate prerequisite for position of Superintendent of Employment for the Chicago Park District), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 916 , 104 S.Ct. 279 , 78 L.Ed.2d 258 (1983); Mummau v. Ranck, 687 F.2d 9 (3d Cir.…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Phillips Petroleum Company v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Id. at 33,852. 10 FERC Order No. 391-A, Production Under the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978; Order Denying Rehearing and Clarifying Final Rule, 50 Fed.Reg. 14,374 (1985) [hereinafter cited as Order No. 391-A] 11 Id. at 14,378 12 Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 498-99 , 95 S.Ct. 2197, 2204-05 , 45 L.Ed.2d 243 (1975) (quoting Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, 204 , 82 S.Ct. 691, 703 , 7 L.Ed.2d 663 (1962)) 13 467 U.S. 837 , 104 S.Ct. 2778 , 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984) 14 Id. at 845 , 104 S.Ct. at 2783 (quoting United States v. Shimer, 367 U.S. 374, 383 , 81 S.Ct. 1554, 1560 , 6 L.Ed.2d 908 (1961)) 15 Chemic…
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Id. at 94 ; 63 S.Ct. at 462 ; see also Prill v. NLRB, 755 F.2d 941, 947-48 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 106 S.Ct. 313 , 88 L.Ed.2d 294 (1985); White v. United States Dep't of the Army, 720 F.2d 209, 210-11 (D.C.Cir.1983); Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. v. Heckler, 712 F.2d 650, 666 (D.C.Cir.1983) (Bork, J., concurring in part, dissenting in part); Diplomat Lakewood Inc. v. Harris, 613 F.2d 1009, 1018-19 (D.C.Cir.1979). .
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Tomczak
v.
City of Chicago
v.
City of Chicago
No. 85-349.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 4, 1985.
Published
Citer courts: N.D. Illinois (2) · S.D. New York (1)
C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.