green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 2×
13.0 score
G Cite
cited 4× by 2 distinct cases, last quoted 1989 · 2 courts ·
…when examining , we must assume that congress used the words of the statute as they are commonly and ordinarily understood.
⚠ not in text
Treatment trajectory · 1988 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1988
2007
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Bruce S. Andes, Louis S. Aronica v. Ford Motor Company
(2×)
See Daughtrey v. Honeywell, Inc., 3 F.3d 1488 (11th Cir.1993); Unida v. Levi Strauss & Co., 986 F.2d 970 (5th Cir.1993); Varhola v. Doe, 820 F.2d 809 (6th Cir.1987) (alleged § 510 discrimination between groups of employees); West v. Greyhound Corp., 813 F.2d 951 (9th Cir.1987); Aronson v. Servus Rubber, Div. of Chromalloy, 730 F.2d 12 (1st Cir.) (alleged § 510 discrimination between groups of employees), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1017 , 105 S.Ct. 431 , 83 L.Ed.2d 357 (1984); but see Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 4…
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Gridley
(2×)
when examining , we must assume that congress used the words of the statute as they are commonly and ordinarily understood.
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
United States v. Luis Rosado and Carmelo Sanchez
(2×)
when examining , we must assume that congress used the words of the statute as they are commonly and ordinarily understood.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
United States v. Conner
See, e.g., Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293, 301 , 87 S.Ct. 408, 413 , 17 L.Ed.2d 374 (1966) (holding that “[a] hotel room can be the object of Fourth Amendment protection as much as a home or an office.”); Stoner v. California, 376 U.S. 483, 490 , 84 S.Ct. 889, 893-94 , 11 L.Ed.2d 856 (1964) (holding that the constitutional protections against unreasonable searches and seizures of homes extend to guest rooms in commercial establishments); United States v. Hardy, 52 F.3d 147, 149 (7th Cir.) (holding that a motel room occupied as a temporary residence receives the same constitutional pr…
discussed
Cited "see"
Huske v. Honeywell International Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Cont’l Can Co., 812 F.2d 834 , 852 (3d Cir.) cert. denied 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
examined
Cited "see"
United States v. Barrera-Martinez
(3×)
See United States v. Rivera, 825 F.2d 152, 157 (7th Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 494 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
Leroy Buhl v. Mr. Cooksey, Warden Attorney General of the State of New Jersey
See McDowell v. United States, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987) (White, J., dissenting from denial of certiorari).
discussed
Cited "see"
Alderdice v. American Health Holding, Inc.
(2×)
See Humphreys v. Bellaire, Corp., 966 F.2d 1037, 1043 (6th Cir.1992)(citing Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852 (3rd Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Mayberry v. United States
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834 , 838 (3rd Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); McLendon v. Continental Group, Inc., 749 F.Supp. 582, 583 (D.N.J. 1989), aff'd sub nom., McLendon v. Continental Can Co., 908 F.2d 1171 (3rd Cir.1990).
discussed
Cited "see"
Silvestre v. Bell Atlantic Corp.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. James L. Keen
See United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245, 249-52 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Kurz v. Philadelphia Electric Co.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834 (3d Cir.) (applying to § 510 six year statute of limitations applicable to analogous Pennsylvania employment discrimination claims), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. James L. KEEN, Defendant-Appellant
See United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245, 249-52 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
cited
Cited "see"
People v. Adkins
See United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245 (C.A.6, 1987), cert. den. 484 U.S. 980 [ 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 ] (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Maez v. Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph, Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852 (3d Cir.) (holding that in order to establish a “prima facie case” under section 510 of ERISA, a plaintiff must show “(1) prohibited employer conduct (2) taken for the purpose of interfering (3) with the attainment of any right to which the employee may become entitled”) cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987). 10 b.
discussed
Cited "see"
19 Employee Benefits Cas. 1283, Pens. Plan Guide P 23912x Reuben A. Maez, Linnea K. Maestas, Janet M. Cowdrey, Paul Spieker, Individually and as Representatives of a Class v. Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph, Inc. D/B/A U.S. West Communications, Inc., a Colorado Corporation Enhanced Management Transition Program Enhanced Management Transition Program Review Committee Neal Greenhalgh Fred L. Cook A. Gary Ames U.S. West, Inc., a Colorado Corporation U.S. West Management Pension Plan Employee Benefit Committee John G. Shea
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852 (3d Cir.) (holding that in order to establish a "prima facie case" under section 510 of ERISA, a plaintiff must show "(1) prohibited employer conduct (2) taken for the purpose of interfering (3) with the attainment of any right to which the employee may become entitled") cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987). 10 97 b.
discussed
Cited "see"
Zschunke v. Bell Atlantic Corp.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987). 15.
examined
Cited "see"
DeWitt v. Penn-Del Directory Corp.
(4×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 847 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); see also, McLendon v. Continental Group, Inc., No. 83-1340, 1987 WL 19100 at *2 (D.N.J.
discussed
Cited "see"
Torre v. Federated Mutual Insurance
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852-53 (3rd Cir.1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sperling v. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 850 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); Chrysler Credit Corp. v. First Nat'l Bank & Trust Co., 746 F.2d 200 , 202 (3d Cir.1984) (per curiam).
discussed
Cited "see"
Sperling v. Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 850 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); Chrysler Credit Corp. v. First Nat’l Bank & Trust Co., 746 F.2d 200 , 202 (3d Cir.1984) (per curiam).
cited
Cited "see"
State v. Howard
See State v. Guzy, 139 Wis. 2d 663, 671 , 407 N.W.2d 548, 552 (1987), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Byrd v. MacPapers, Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 851 (3d Cir.) (Congress enacted § 510 primarily to protect employees from unscrupulous employers), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); West v. Butler, 621 F.2d 240, 245 (6th Cir.1980) (“Congress designed § 510 primarily to protect the employment relationship that gives rise to an individual’s pension rights”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Byrd v. Macpapers, Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 851 (3d Cir.) (Congress enacted § 510 primarily to protect employees from unscrupulous employers), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); West v. Butler, 621 F.2d 240, 245 (6th Cir.1980) ("Congress designed § 510 primarily to protect the employment relationship that gives rise to an individual's pension rights").
examined
Cited "see"
United States v. Thomas Lee Deal
(3×)
See, United States v. Rawlings, 821 F.2d 1543, 1545 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 494 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); United States v. Hamblin, 911 F.2d 551, 555 (11th Cir.1990), cert. denied sub. nom., Jones v. United States, — U.S. —, 111 S.Ct. 2241 , 114 L.Ed.2d 482 (1991); United States v. Foote, 898 F.2d 659, 668-69 (8th Cir.), cert. denied sub. nom., Thompson v. United States, — U.S. —, 111 S.Ct. 112 , 112 L.Ed.2d 81 and Williams v. United States, — U.S. —, 111 S.Ct. 342 , 112 L.Ed.2d 307 (1990); United States v. Nabors, 901 F.2d 1351, 1358-59 (6th Cir.), cert.…
discussed
Cited "see"
Bryant v. Food Lion, Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 851-52 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
examined
Cited "see"
William L. McClure Jr. v. Zoecon, Inc., F/k/a Zoecon Industries, Inc.
(4×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 843-46 (3rd Cir.), cert. den., 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); Held v. Manufacturers Hanover Leasing Corporation, 912 F.2d 1197 (10th Cir.1990); Young v. Martin Marietta Corp., 701 F.Supp. 567, 569 (E.D.La.1988); Gladich v. Navistar Int'l Transp.
discussed
Cited "see"
Owens v. Storehouse, Inc.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 851 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987). 1 The statutory language, legislative history and case law all make clear that § 510 was designed to protect the “employment relationship,” not the integrity of specific plans.
discussed
Cited "see"
Jim L. Woolsey v. Marion Laboratories, Inc. Marion Laboratories, Inc., Profit Sharing Plan
(2×)
West v. Greyhound Corp., 813 F.2d 951, 955 (9th Cir.1987) (no violation of Sec. 1140 where employees not denied vested benefits); see Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852 (3d Cir.) (employer must interfere with attainment of right to which employee may become entitled), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Woolsey v. Marion Laboratories, Inc.
(2×)
West v. Greyhound Corp., 813 F.2d 951, 955 (9th Cir.1987) (no violation of § 1140 where employees not denied vested benefits); see Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852 (3d Cir.) (employer must interfere with attainment of right to which employee may become entitled), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
examined
Cited "see"
United States v. Godwin
(3×)
See United States v. Rawlings, 821 F.2d 1543 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 494 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
54 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1078, 55 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 40,462, 31 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1379 Lal R. Bhaya, and Richard Carner, and William J. Haessler, and Henry A. Parzick, and Earle Williams v. Westinghouse Electric Corporation
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 853 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987) (proof of discrimination under ERISA employs Burdine burden-shifting mechanism where direct "smoking gun" evidence is unavailable). 39 I would hold the excluded testimony of Henry Parzick to be both highly relevant and admissible as an admission of a party opponent.
examined
Cited "see"
United States v. Jeffrey David Howard, Ricky Leroy Stanley, Derrick Smith, Samuel J. Cooper, Jr.
(3×)
See United States v. Rawlings, 821 F.2d 1543, 1545-46 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 494 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see"
Bhaya v. Westinghouse Electric Corp.
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 853 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987) (proof of discrimination under ERISA employs Burdine burden-shifting mechanism where direct “smoking gun” evidence is unavailable).
discussed
Cited "see"
Seor, Inc. v. Textron Oil Corp. (In re Frederick Petroleum Corp.)
See United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245, 249-50 (6th Cir.) (recognizing the supervisory power of appellate courts), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); United States v. Bailey, 675 F.2d 1292, 1297 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 853 , 103 S.Ct. 119 , 74 L.Ed.2d 104 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
In Re Frederick Petroleum Corporation
See United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245, 249-50 (6th Cir.) (recognizing the supervisory power of appellate courts), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); United States v. Bailey, 675 F.2d 1292, 1297 (D.C.Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 853 , 103 S.Ct. 119 , 74 L.Ed.2d 104 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
State v. Grandberry
(2×)
See State v. Guzy, 139 Wis. 2d 663, 671 , 407 N.W.2d 548, 552 (1987), cert. denied, 108 S. Ct. 494 .
discussed
Cited "see"
Phillip N. Lockhart, Charles B. Wilson, James Lowery, James P. Durham and Thomas Bradley v. Westinghouse Credit Corporation
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 852-53 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987). 10 Consequently, the Supreme Court has developed a method of indirect proof involving presumptions and shifting burdens of production in order that the "plaintiff [can have] his [or her] day in court despite the unavailability of direct evidence." Loeb v. Textron, Inc., 600 F.2d 1003, 1014 (1st Cir.1979).
discussed
Cited "see"
In Re Komet
(2×)
See Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 851 (3rd Cir.), cert. denied 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987); Ferrante v. International Salt Co., 687 F.Supp. 309 (E.D.Mich.1988).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Akins v. Easterling
“A trial court evaluating a defendant’s request to represent himself must traverse a thin line between improperly allowing the defendant to proceed pro se, thereby violating his right to counsel, and improperly having the defendant proceed with counsel, thereby violating his right to self-representation.” Fields v. Murray, 49 F.3d 1024, 1029 (4th Cir.) (alteration omitted) (internal quotation marks omitted), cert. denied, 516 U.S. 884 , 116 S.Ct. 224 , 133 L.Ed.2d 154 (1995); see also United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245, 248-49 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 ,…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Jackson
See also discussion of the conflict of authorities in McDowell v. United States, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987) (White, J. dissenting from denial of petition for certiorari).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
State v. Jackson
See also discussion of the conflict of authorities in McDowell v. United States, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987) (White, J. dissenting from denial of petition for certiorari).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
James v. Brigano
See also, United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
287 Corp Ctr Assoc v. Bridgewater Twp.
See also Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 843 (3d Cir.) ("[A] uniform time limit for all § 1983 actions -- regardless of the nature of the precise claim -- must be applied . . . ."), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
287 Corporate Center Associates v. The Township of Bridgewater, a Municipal Corporation of the State of New Jersey
(2×)
See also Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 843 (3d Cir.) (“[A] uniform time limit for all § 1983 actions — regardless of the nature of the precise claim — must be applied_”), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Torre v. Federated Mutual Insurance
(2×)
See also Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834, 851 (3d Cir.1987)(explaining that “[section [1140] ... is designed to prevent injury to employees’ protected rights, not simply to redress the injury after the goals of a discriminatory plan have been effectuated”), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Cuff v. International Business Machine Co.
(2×)
See also Turner v. Schering-Plough Corp., 901 F.2d 335, 347 (3d Cir.1990) (quoting Gavalik v. Continental Can Co., 812 F.2d 834 , cert. denied 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 495 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987). 2.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. George Arch
(2×)
United States v. Napue, 834 F.2d 1311, 1326 (7th Cir.1987); see also United States v. Rivera, 825 F.2d 152, 156 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 979 , 108 S.Ct. 494 , 98 L.Ed.2d. 492 (1987).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Mix
See, e.g., United States v. McDowell, 814 F.2d 245 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 980 , 108 S.Ct. 478 , 98 L.Ed.2d 492 (1987).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Rawlings
v.
United States
v.
United States
No. 87-5778.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Dec 7, 1987.
Published
Citer courts: Seventh Circuit (2) · N.D. Indiana (2)
C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.