green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 3×
7.1 score
“the test is whether the accused work is so similar to the plaintiffs work that an ordinary reasonable person would conclude that the defendant unlawfully appropriated the plaintiffs protec- 291 tibie expression by taking material of substance and value”
Treatment trajectory · 1982 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1982
2004
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 46 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
discussed
Cited "but see"
Lake v. First Nationwide Bank
But see Welch v. Board of Directors of Wildwood Golf Club, 146 F.R.D. 131, 136 (W.D.Pa.1993) ("The burden is on the defendants to prove that the representation will be inadequate.”) (citing Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982)). .
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
Jarvis v. a & M RECORDS
the test is whether the accused work is so similar to the plaintiffs work that an ordinary reasonable person would conclude that the defendant unlawfully appropriated the plaintiffs protec- 291 tibie expression by taking material of substance and value
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
MOZES ON BEHALF OF GENERAL ELEC. CO. v. Welch
... mere conclusory allegations of director wrongdoing will not suffice to excuse demand.
discussed
Cited as authority (quoted)
Kaster v. Modification Systems, Inc.
certainly, there is no presumption that a director is controlled. rather, the issue is an intensely factual one.
cited
Cited "see"
Daventree Ltd. v. Republic of Azerbaijan
See Johns v. Rozet, 141 F.R.D. 211, 217 (D.D.C.1992) (citing Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982)).
discussed
Cited "see"
Fields v. Biomatrix, Inc.
Wetzel v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 508 F.2d 239, 247 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 421 U.S. 1011 , 95 S.Ct. 2415 (1975); see Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Walco Investments, Inc. v. Thenen
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 789 (3rd Cir.1982) (class representatives are not required to have a detailed knowledge of the litigation), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
CMM Cable Rep., Inc. v. Keymarket Communications, Inc.
Accord, Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 619 (7th Cir.1982), cert. denied, North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. v. Atari, Inc., 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Neely ex rel. Neely v. Rutherford County Schools
See Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 620 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Helene Curtis Indus., Inc. v. Church & Dwight Co., 560 F.2d 1325, 1333-34 (7th Cir.1977), ce rt. denied, 434 U.S. 1070 , 98 S.Ct. 1252 , 55 L.Ed.2d 772 (1978). 18.
discussed
Cited "see"
In Re ML-Lee Acquisition Fund II, L.P. & ML-Lee Acquisition Fund (Retirement Accounts) II, L.P. Securities Litigation
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 789 (3d Cir.) (class representative adequate even where he “displayed a complete ignorance of the facts concerning the transaction that he was challenging), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); In re Data Access, 103 F.R.D. 130, 141 (D.N.J.1984); Peil v. Speiser, 97 F.R.D. 657, 660 (E.D.Pa.1983).
discussed
Cited "see"
Pride Communications Ltd. Partnership v. WCKG, INC.
See Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 *904 F.2d 607, 620 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Helene Curtis Indus., Inc. v. Church & Dwight Co., 560 F.2d 1325, 1333-34 (7th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1070 , 98 S.Ct. 1252 , 55 L.Ed.2d 772 (1978). 18.
cited
Cited "see"
Autoskill, Inc. v. National Educational Support Systems Inc.
See Atari Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 614 (7th Cir.1982), cert. den. 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Joy Manufacturing Corp. v. Pullman-Peabody Co.
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982), where the court stated that in “determining whether a demand is necessary, [the court] should consider whether a demand on the directors would be likely to prod them to correct a wrong.” Berger’s suit sought to have the stock rights and pension plans, the poison pills, declared invalid as the products of a breach of fiduciary duty by the Joy board of directors.
cited
Cited "see"
Granada Investments, Inc. v. DWG Corp.
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788 (3rd Cir.) cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); see also Baron v. Strawbridge & Clothier, 646 F.Supp. 690 (E.D.Pa.1986).
discussed
Cited "see"
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Westinghouse Electric Corporation
(2×)
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 783 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Heyl & Patterson Int’l, Inc. v. F.D.
discussed
Cited "see"
Shelton v. Thompson
If, as alleged, this deflated value was the product of illegal or fraudulent conduct on the part of Lexington's directors, then Colonial would presumably deem it desirable and appropriate to seek redress for a loss occasioned by persons who, at the time of the loss, were outside the Colonial corporate structure. [2] If that presumption is correct, and I believe that it is, then for the plaintiffs to give notice to Colonial's directors before bringing a derivative action would not be futileit would be imperative, given that "the demand requirement of Rule 23.1 should be rigorously enforced." …
discussed
Cited "see"
Samuel M. Feinberg Testamentary Trust v. Carter
(2×)
also: Cited "see, e.g."
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
In re Consumers Power Co. Derivative Litigation
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779 (3d Cir.), cert denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Tabas v. Mullane, 608 F.Supp. 759, 767 (D.N.J. 1985); Reilly Mortgage Group, Inc. v. Mount Vernon Savings & Loan Ass’n, 568 F.Supp. 1067 (E.D.Va.1983).
cited
Cited "see"
Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co. Ltd.
See Atari, Inc. v. North American, 672 F.2d 607 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Roper Corporation v. Litton Systems, Inc.
See generally Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 620 , 214 USPQ 33, 43-44 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders, Inc. v. Scoreboard Posters, Inc., 600 F.2d 1184, 1187-88 , 203 USPQ 321, 323-24 (5th Cir.1979) (substantial likelihood of success); Wainwright Securities, Inc. v. Wall Street Transcript Corp., 558 F.2d 91, 94 , 194 USPQ 401, 402 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1014 , 98 S.Ct. 730 , 54 L.Ed.2d 759 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Belushi v. Woodward
See Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 620 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982).
cited
Cited "see"
Century Air Freight, Inc. v. American Airlines, Inc.
See Moore Drug Exchange v. Eli Lilly & Co., 662 F.2d 935, 941 (2d Cir.1981), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see"
Nissho-Iwai Co., Ltd. v. M/T Stolt Lion
See, in accord, Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 614 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Lydle v. United States, 635 F.2d 763 , 765 n. 1 (6th Cir.1981); Swanson v. Baker Indus., Inc., 615 F.2d 479 , 483 (8th Cir.1980); Taylor v. Lombard, 606 F.2d 371, 372 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 946 , 100 S.Ct. 1346 , 63 L.Ed.2d 781 (1980); cf. Marcum v. United States, 621 F.2d 142, 144-45 (5th Cir.1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
Nissho-Iwai Co. v. M/T Stolt Lion
See, in accord, Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 614 (7th Cir.), cert. denied,U.S. -, 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Lydle v. United States, 635 F.2d 763 , 765 n. 1 (6th Cir.1981); Swanson v. Baker Indus., Inc., 615 F.2d 479, 483 (8th Cir.1980); Taylor v. Lombard, 606 F.2d 371, 372 (2d Cir.1979), cert. denied, 445 U.S. 946 , 100 S.Ct. 1346 , 63 L.Ed.2d 781 (1980); cf. Marcum v. United States, 621 F.2d 142, 144-45 (5th Cir.1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
Clark Enterprises, Inc. v. Holywell Corp.
(2×)
See Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779 (3rd Cir.1982), cert. denied — U.S. -, 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 ; In re Kauffman Mutual Fund' Action, supra at 263 n. 4.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
FMC Corp. v. Control Solutions, Inc.
Apple Computer, 714 F.2d at 1254 (emphasis added); See also, e.g., Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 620 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Wainwright Securities Inc. v. Wall Street Transcript Corp., 558 F.2d 91, 94 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1014 , 98 S.Ct. 730 , 54 L.Ed.2d 759 (1978); Klitzner Industries, Inc. v. H.K James & Co., 535 F.Supp. 1249, 1259 (E.D.Pa.1982); Custom Decor, Inc. v. Nautical Crafts Inc., 502 F.Supp. 154, 157 (E.D.Pa.1980).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Segrets, Inc. v. Gillman Knitwear Co., Inc.
Furthermore, in applying the ordinary observer test, it is important to “consider the uses for which the design is intended, especially the scrutiny that observers will give to it as used.” Peter Pan Fabrics, Inc. v. Martin Weiner Corporation, 274 F.2d at 489 ; In Design v. Lynch Knitting Mills, Inc., 689 F.Supp. at 179 (quoting Peter Pan Fabrics, Inc. v. Martin Weiner Corporation, 274 F.2d at 489 ); see, e.g., Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corporation, 672 F.2d 607 , 619 (7th Cir.) (noting that video games, unlike an artist’s painting, “appeal to an audien…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
COR Marketing & Sales, Inc. v. Greyhawk Corp.
See, e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Landa
To establish liability for copyright infringement, plaintiff must prove “(1) ownership of a valid copyright and (2) copying by the defendant.” Wildlife, 18 F.3d at 507 (citing Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340, 361 , 111 S.Ct. 1282, 1295-96 , 113 L.Ed.2d 358 (1991)); see also Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607 , 614 (7th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Zakarian, No. 90-4057, 1991 WL 93889 , at *4 (N.D.Ill.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Alfred Blasband v. Steven M. Rales Mitchell P. Rales John Doe 1-10 Danaher Corporation, Alfred Blasband, Derivatively on Behalf of Danaher Corporation
See also Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 783 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Larson v. Dumke
See e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788-89 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Owen v. Modern Diversified Industries, Inc., 643 F.2d 441, 443-44 (6th Cir.1981) (no antagonistic interests); GA Enterprises, Inc. v. Leisure Living Communities, Inc., 66 F.R.D. 123, 125-27 (D.Mass.1974), aff'd, 517 F.2d 24, 26-27 (1st Cir.1975).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Larson v. Dumke
See e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788-89 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Owen v. Modern Diversified Industries, Inc., 643 F.2d 441, 443-44 (6th Cir.1981) (no antagonistic interests); GA Enterprises, Inc. v. Leisure Living Communities, Inc., 66 F.R.D. 123, 125-27 (D.Mass.1974), aff'd, 517 F.2d 24, 26-27 (1st Cir.1975).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Alcan Aluminium Limited v. Franchise Tax Board of the State of California, Imperial Chemical Industries Plc v. Franchise Tax Board of the State of California
See, e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Brink v. Dalesio, 667 F.2d 420, 428 (4th Cir.1981); Note, Trust Beneficiary Standing in Shareholder Derivative Actions, 39 Stan.L.Rev. 267, 273-74 (1986). 14 In a number of more recent cases, federal courts have denied individual standing to shareholders notwithstanding that these shareholders controlled a majority of voting shares and that subject matter jurisdiction did not depend on the individual plaintiff's residence.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Longden v. Sunderman
See Wolgin v. Magic Marker Corp., 82 F.R.D. 168, 175 (E.D.Pa.1979); see also Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779 (3d Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Weinberger v. Jackson, 102 F.R.D. 839, 845 (N.D.Cal.1984).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Alcan Aluminium Ltd. v. Franchise Tax Board
See, e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Brink v. Dalesio, 667 F.2d 420, 428 (4th Cir.1981); Note, Trust Beneficiary Standing in Shareholder Derivative Actions, 39 Stan.L.Rev. 267, 273-74 (1986).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Chuck Blore & Don Richman, Inc. v. 20/20 Advertising Inc.
See, e.g., Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 617 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982) (expressive aspects of video game included audio component and concrete details of visual presentation).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Rodriguez Ex Rel. Rodriguez v. Berrybrook Farms, Inc.
See e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 788 (3d Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Allright Missouri, Inc. v. Billeter
See, e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 784-87 (3d Cir.), cert, denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Allright Missouri, Inc. v. Billeter
See, e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 784-87 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982). 25 Defendants also assert that pursuant to Rule 23.1 Allright should have requested prior to filing this action or the Second Amended Complaint that the other limited partners, who by majority vote approved the conveyance, join in its efforts to rescind the sale.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Lewis v. Hilton
See, e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 786 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Allison, 604 F.Supp. at 1122 .
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Kaufman ex rel. Bankamerica Corp. v. Armacost
Compare Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982) (applying state law) with Greenspun v. Del E.
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
In Re Bankamerica Securities Litigation
Compare Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779, 785 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982) (applying state law) with Greenspun v. Del E.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Dothan Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Inc., a Corporation, Montgomery Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Inc., a Corporation v. United States
(2×)
Compare, Maxwell v. Sumner, 673 F.2d 1031, 1036 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 976 , 103 S.Ct. 313 , 74 L.Ed.2d 291 (1982) and Constructora Maza, Inc. v. Banco de Ponce, 616 F.2d 573, 576 (1st Cir.1980) ("clearly erroneous" rule applies even when findings are based solely on documentary evidence or on inferences from undisputed facts) with Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 614 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 800 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982) and Lydle v. United States, 635 F.2d 763 , 765 n. 1 (6th Cir.1981) (holding the "clearly er…
cited
Cited "see, e.g."
Sanford v. CBS, INC.
See, e.g., Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 618 (7th Cir.1982), ce rt. denied, 459 U.S. 880 , 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982).
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
Apple Computer, Inc., a California Corporation v. Franklin Computer Corporation, a Pennsylvania Corporation
See, e.g., Atari, Inc. v. North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 620 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, -U.S. -, 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 145 (1982); Wainwright Securities Inc. v. Wall Street Transcript Corp., 558 F.2d 91, 94 (2d Cir.1977), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 1014 , 98 S.Ct. 730 , 54 L.Ed.2d 759 (1978); Klitzner Industries, Inc. v. H.K.
discussed
Cited "see, e.g."
United States v. Herbert Baylin
(2×)
See, e.g., Lewis v. Curtis, 671 F.2d 779 (3d Cir.1982), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 103 S.Ct. 176 , 74 L.Ed.2d 144 (1982); Johnson v. Trueblood, 629 F.2d 302 (3d Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 999 , 101 S.Ct. 1704 , 68 L.Ed.2d 200 (1981); Poteet v. Fauver, 517 F.2d 393 (3d Cir.1975) 31 The Ninth Circuit adopted the Robin test in United States v. Arnett, 628 F.2d 1162, 1165 (9th Cir.1979), and reaffirmed its adherence to the test in United States v. Larios, 640 F.2d 938, 943 (9th Cir.1981), and United States v. Doe, 655 F.2d 920, 929 (9th Cir.1980).
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Curtis
v.
Lewis
v.
Lewis
No. 81-2224.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Oct 4, 1982.
Certiorari.
Cited by 5 opinions | Published
C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.
Justice Powell would grant certiorari.