Anderson v. Barasa, 439 U.S. 1003 (1978). · Go Syfert
Anderson v. Barasa, 439 U.S. 1003 (1978). Cases Citing This Book View Copy Cite
“it is well settled that a plaintiff has no vested right in any tort claim for damages under state law”
201 citation events (19 in the last 25 years) across 65 distinct courts.
Strongest positive: Clausell v. Hobart Corp. (fla, 1987-12-03) · Strongest negative: Michael J. Sutton and John Wiley Mitchell v. United States (ca5, 1987-06-25)
Treatment trajectory · 1978 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1978 2002 2026
Top citers, strongest first. 48 distinct citers. How cited ↗
discussed Cited "but see" Michael J. Sutton and John Wiley Mitchell v. United States (2×)
5th Cir. · 1987 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see Norton v. United States, 581 F.2d 390 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978); Caban v. United States, 728 F.2d 68, 72 (2d Cir.1984).
discussed Cited "but see" Robert L. Arnsberg, and Cross-Appellant v. United States of America, and Cross-Appellee (2×) also: Cited "see, e.g."
unknown court · 1985 · signal: but see · confidence high
But see Norton v. United States, 581 F.2d 390, 392-93 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978). 5 .
discussed Cited as authority (quoted) Clausell v. Hobart Corp.
Fla. · 1987 · quote attribution · 1 verbatim quote · confidence low
it is well settled that a plaintiff has no vested right in any tort claim for damages under state law
discussed Cited "see" Alamia v. Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance
S.D.N.Y. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 , 455 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Anti-Monopoly, Inc. v. Hasbro, Inc., 958 F.Supp. 895 , 907 n. 11 (S.D.N.Y.), aff'd, 130 F.3d 1101 (2d Cir.1997).
discussed Cited "see" Cotz v. Mastroeni
S.D.N.Y. · 2007 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 455 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Anti-Monopoly, Inc. v. Hasbro, Inc., 958 F.Supp. 895 , 907 n. 11 (S.D.N.Y.), aff'd, 130 F.3d 1101 (2d Cir.1997).
cited Cited "see" Hayut v. State University of New York
2d Cir. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 455 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Inbal Hayut v. State University Of New York
2d Cir. · 2003 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 455 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Robert's Hawaii School Bus, Inc. v. Laupahoehoe Transportation Co.
Haw. · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 459 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Nelson Radio & Supply Co. v. Motorola, Inc., 200 F.2d 911, 914 (5th Cir.1952), cert. denied, 345 U.S. 925 , 73 S.Ct. 783 , 97 L.Ed. 1356 (1953).
cited Cited "see" Quinn v. Nassau County Police Department
E.D.N.Y · 1999 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Philippeaux v. North Central Bronx Hospital
S.D.N.Y. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
See Hermann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 , 459 (2d Cir.) (Section 1985 does not reach alleged conspiracy among law school, trustee, and faculty members), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Girard v. 94th Street and Fifth Avenue Corp., 530 F.2d 66, 70 (2d Cir.) (Section 1985 does not reach alleged conspiracy among corporation and its board of directors), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 974 , 96 S.Ct. 2173 , 48 L.Ed.2d 798 (1976); Philippeaux v. Fashion Institute of Technology, No. 93 Civ. 4438 (MBM), 1994 WL 263447 , *2 (S.D.N.Y.
discussed Cited "see" Shakka v. Smith
4th Cir. · 1994 · signal: see · confidence high
Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574 (1986); see Atkinson v. Bass, 579 F.2d 865 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 (1978); Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). 8 "[T]he court is obliged to credit the factual asseverations contained in the material before it which favor the party resisting summary judgment and to draw inferences favorable to that party if the inferences are reasonable (however improbable they may seem)." Cole v. Cole, 633 F.2d 1083, 1092 (4th Cir.1980); see Ross v. Communications Satellite Corp., 759 F.2d 355, 364 (4th Cir.1985); Scott v. Greenville County, 716 F.2d 1409, 1411 (4th Cir.…
cited Cited "see" Riley v. Murdock
E.D.N.C. · 1993 · signal: see · confidence high
See Atkinson v. Bass, 579 F.2d 865, 866 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 615 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Clay v. Yates
E.D. Va. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248-49 , 106 S.Ct. at 2510-11 ; see Atkinson v. Bass, 579 F.2d 865 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 615 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Nugget Hydroelectric, L.P. v. Pacific Gas and Electric Company
9th Cir. · 1992 · signal: see · confidence high
See Highway & City Freight Drivers v. Gordon Transps., Inc., 576 F.2d 1285, 1289 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978); American Fed’n of Television & Radio Artists v. NLRB, 462 F.2d 887 , 889-90 (D.C.Cir.1972); United States v. Gertz, 249 F.2d 662, 666 (9th Cir.1957).
cited Cited "see" Federal Deposit Insurance v. British-American Corp.
E.D.N.C. · 1991 · signal: see · confidence high
See Atkinson v. Bass, 579 F.2d 865, 866 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 615 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Hawaiian Telephone Co. v. Public Utilities Commission of State of Hawaii
9th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Highway & City Freight Drivers v. Gordon Transps., Inc., 576 F.2d 1285, 1289 (8th Cir.) (when statute describes what term "includes," "the fact that the statute does not specifically mention a particular entity ... does not imply that the entity falls outside of the definition”) (citing Pfizer, Inc. v. India, 434 U.S. 308 , 312 n. 9, 98 S.Ct. 584 , 587 n. 9, 54 L.Ed.2d 563 (1978)), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978). .
discussed Cited "see" In Re Consolidated United States Atmospheric Testing Litigation, Christina Konizeski v. Livermore Labs, Alice P. Broudy v. United States
9th Cir. · 1987 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ducharme v. Merill-National [sic] Laboratories, 574 F.2d 1307 (5th Cir.), cert, denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 677 (1978) (Swine Flu Act); Carr v. United States, 422 F.2d 1007 (4th Cir.1970) (Federal Drivers Act).
discussed Cited "see" Gorman v. University of Rhode Island
D.R.I. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See, Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 458-59 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Davidson v. Yeshiva University, 555 F.Supp. 75, 79-80 (S.D.N.Y.1982); Lieberman v. Grant, 474 F.Supp. 848, 875 (D.Conn.1979).
cited Cited "see" Crow v. United States
D. Kan. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Norton v. United States, 581 F.2d 390, 392-95 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Guerra v. Sutton
9th Cir. · 1986 · signal: see · confidence high
See Norton v. United States, 581 F.2d 390, 393-96 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978); cf. also Gray v. Bell, 712 F.2d 490, 507 (D.C.Cir.1983) (finding "discretionary function" immunity applicable to FTCA intentional torts), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1100 , 104 S.Ct. 1593 , 80 L.Ed.2d 125 (1984).
discussed Cited "see" In Re Consolidated United States Atmospheric Testing Litigation
N.D. Cal. · 1985 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ducharme v. Merill-National Laboratories, 574 F.2d 1307 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 677 (1978) (Swine Flu Act); Carr v. United States, 422 F.2d 1007 (4th Cir.1970) (Federal Drivers Act).
discussed Cited "see" Stella STATHOS, Et Al., Plaintiffs, Appellees, v. Russell E. BOWDEN, Et Al., Defendants, Appellants
1st Cir. · 1984 · signal: accord · confidence high
Defendants note, however, that several circuits have held that “if the challenged conduct is essentially a single act of discrimination by a single business entity, the fact that two or more agents participated in the decision or in the act itself will normally not constitute the conspiracy contemplated by [§ 1985(3) ].” Dombrowski v. Dowling, 459 F.2d 190, 196 (7th Cir.1972); accord Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 459 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Girard v. 94th Street & Fifth Avenue Corp., 530 F.2d 66, 70-72 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 425 …
cited Cited "see" Holly v. Pennysaver Corp.
N.Y. App. Div. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
Co., 532 F2d 69, 74, cert den 429 US 855 ; see Herrmann v Moore, 576 F2d 453,457, cert den 439 US 1003 ; Dombrowski v Dowling, 459 F2d 190, 196; Hops v New York Tel.
discussed Cited "see" Kent Winterrowd v. David Freedman And Company, Inc.
9th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Highway & City Freight Drivers v. Gordon Transports, Inc., 576 F.2d 1285, 1289 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978) (when a statute uses the word "includes" rather than "means" in defining a term, it does not imply that items not listed fall outside the definition). 9 The statutory phrase "and includes" is intended to extend statutory coverage to the limit of congressional jurisdiction under the commerce clause.
discussed Cited "see" Winterrowd v. David Freedman & Co.
9th Cir. · 1984 · signal: see · confidence high
See Highway & City Freight Drivers v. Gordon Transports, Inc., 576 F.2d 1285, 1289 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978) (when a statute uses the word “includes” rather than “means” in defining a term, it does not imply that items not listed fall outside the definition).
cited Cited "see" Trace X Chemical, Inc. v. Gulf Oil Chemical Co.
8th Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Russ v. Ratliff, 578 F.2d 221, 224 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 614 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978).
cited Cited "see" Holdiness v. Louisiana
W.D. La. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Ducharme v. Merrill National Laboratories, 574 F.2d 1307 (5th Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 677 .
discussed Cited "see" L. Patrick Gray, III v. Griffin Bell
D.C. Cir. · 1983 · signal: see · confidence high
See Norton v. United States, 581 F.2d 390, 395 (4th Cir.) (“[T]he legislative history [of the 1974 proviso] makes clear that the federal government may be sued for Bivens torts committed by its agents ....”), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" Tate v. Alexander
M.D. Tenn. · 1981 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Girard v. 94th Street & Fifth Avenue Corp., 530 F.2d 66 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 974 , 96 S.Ct. 2173 , 48 L.Ed.2d 798 (1976); Dombrowski v. Dowling, 459 F.2d 190 (7th Cir. 1972); Lieberman v. Gant, 474 F.Supp. 848 (D.Conn. 1979).
cited Cited "see" Nelson Hernandez v. C. Lattimore, Nathaniel Mitchell, Hugh Herbert, N. Avignone, and R. Brown, Correctional Officers, Metropolitan Correctional Center
2d Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Norton v. United States, 581 F.2d 390, 395 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978).
discussed Cited "see" United States v. City of Philadelphia
E.D. Pa. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 , 458 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Jones v. United States, 536 F.2d 269, 271 (8th Cir. 1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1039 , 97 S.Ct. 735 , 50 L.Ed.2d 750 (1977).
discussed Cited "see" Lead Industries Association, Inc. v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
2d Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 455 (2 Cir.), Cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978) 2 Although the statute speaks of action by the Secretary of Labor, the pertinent regulations have delegated this authority to the Assistant Secretary for Occupational Safety and Health, 29 C.F.R. § 1911 , who is also the chief executive officer of OSHA.
cited Cited "see" Lead Industries Ass'n v. Occupational Safety & Health Administration
2d Cir. · 1979 · signal: see · confidence high
See Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 455 (2 Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978). .
discussed Cited "see, e.g." CASTANZA v. Town of Brookhaven
E.D.N.Y · 2010 · signal: see also · confidence low
“Under the intracorporate conspiracy doctrine, officers, agents and employees of a single corporate entity are legally incapable of conspiring together.” Quinn v. Nassau County Police Dep’t, 53 *292 F.Supp.2d 347, 359 (E.D.N.Y.1999); see also Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 459 (2d Cir.1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Girard v. 94th and Fifth Avenue Corp., 530 F.2d 66, 71 (2d Cir.1976), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 974 , 96 S.Ct. 2173 , 48 L.Ed.2d 798 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Nassau County Employee \L\" v. County of Nassau"
E.D.N.Y · 2004 · signal: see also · confidence low
“Under the intracorporate conspiracy doctrine, officers, agents and employees of a single corporate entity are legally incapable of conspiring together.” Quinn v. Nassau County Police Dep’t, 53 F.Supp.2d 347, 359 (E.D.N.Y.1999); see also Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 459 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Girard v. 94th and 5th Avenue Corp., 530 F.2d 66, 71 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 425 U.S. 974 , 96 S.Ct. 2173 , 48 L.Ed.2d 798 (1976).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Smith v. City of New York
E.D.N.Y · 2003 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Hermann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 459 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978) (applying corporate conspiracy doctrine to conspiracy alleged to have occurred between a law school, its trustees and members of the faculty); Linder v. City of New York, 263 F.Supp.2d 585, 591 (E.D.N.Y.2003) (following Hermann, held no § 1985 claim where conspirators were all employees of the Board of Education); Salgado v. City of New York, 2001 WL 290051 , at *9 (S.D.N.Y.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Johnson v. Nyack Hospital
S.D.N.Y. · 1997 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 459 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978) (law school faculty and trustees incapable of conspiring to discharge professor). 12 Plaintiff seizes on this latter comment to argue that his claim comes within Girard because the requisite independent personal motive is supplied by personal racial bias.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." United States v. Oscar Quiroz
2d Cir. · 1994 · signal: see also · confidence low
DISCUSSION It is well established that “an argument not raised on appeal is deemed abandoned,” United States v. Babwah, 972 F.2d 30, 34 (2d Cir.1992); see also Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 455 (2d Cir.), cert. *491 denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 68 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978), and we will not ordinarily consider such an argument unless “manifest injustice otherwise would result,” United States v. Babwah, 972 F.2d at 35 ; see also Fed.R.App.P. 2.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Wahad v. Federal Bureau of Investigation
S.D.N.Y. · 1993 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 459 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978) (law school, trustee, and faculty members incapable of conspiring); Ritzie v. City Univ. of New York, 703 F.Supp. 271, 277-78 (S.D.N.Y.1989) (university and employees); McPartland v. American Broadcasting *232 Companies, Inc., 623 F.Supp. 1334, 1340 (S.D.N.Y.1985) (corporation, directors, officers, and employees); Gilliard v. New York Pub.
discussed Cited "see, e.g." County of Seneca v. Cheney
W.D.N.Y. · 1992 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also Highway & City Freight Drivers, Etc. v. Gordon Transports, Inc., 576 F.2d 1285, 1289 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 678 (1978) (When a statute uses the word “includes” rather than “means,” the fact that the statute does not specifically mention a particular condition does not imply that the condition falls outside the definition.); Winterrowd v. David Freedman and Co., Inc., 724 F.2d 823, 825 (9th Cir.1984) (phrase “and includes” is expansive and not limiting); United States v. City of New York, 481 F.Supp. 4, 6 (S.D.N.Y.) (word “incl…
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Ritzie v. City University of New York
S.D.N.Y. · 1989 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453, 457 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978) (discrimination suit by tenured professor against law school, its dean, and faculty members); Gilliard v. New York Public Library, 597 F.Supp. 1069, 1075 (S.D.N.Y.1984) (discrimination suit against public library and certain of its individual officers and employees).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Lutheran Social Service of Minn. v. United States
D. Minnesota · 1984 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Ducharme v. Merrill-National Laboratories, 574 F.2d 1307, 1310 (5th Cir.) (per curiam), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1002 , 99 S.Ct. 612 , 58 L.Ed.2d 677 (1978) (equal protection principles apply to United States through fifth amendment due process clause).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Brown v. Fairleigh Dickinson University
D.N.J. · 1983 · signal: see, e.g. · confidence low
See, e.g., Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Baker v. Stuart Broadcasting Co., 505 F.2d 181 (8th Cir.1974); Dombrowski v. Dowling, 459 F.2d 190 (7th Cir. 1972).
discussed Cited "see, e.g." Hampton v. Hanrahan
N.D. Ill. · 1981 · signal: compare · confidence low
Compare Russ v. Ratliff, 578 F.2d 221, 224 (8th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 614 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 . “[I]n cases where . .. there is some doubt as to whether the cause is clearly barred, the rule should be liberally construed [. .. ] and especially is this so where the defendant is put to no disadvantage.” Humphries v. Going, 59 F.R.D. 583, 587 (E.D.N.C.1973), DeMalherbe, 449 F.Supp. at 1353 , and cases cited therein.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Rivas v. State Board for Community Colleges & Occupational Education
D. Colo. · 1981 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also, Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 (2nd Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Girard v. 94th St. & Fifth Ave.
cited Cited "see, e.g." Rivas v. STATE BD. FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGES, ETC.
D. Colo. · 1981 · signal: see also · confidence low
See also, Herrmann v. Moore, 576 F.2d 453 (2nd Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1003 , 99 S.Ct. 613 , 58 L.Ed.2d 679 (1978); Girard v. 94th St. & Fifth Ave.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Anderson, Director, Department of Registration and Education of Illinois
v.
Barasa
No. 78-445.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Dec 4, 1978.
439 U.S. 1003

C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.