green
Positive treatment
Quoted verbatim 3×
11.7 score
G Cite
cited 3× by 1 distinct case ·
"If there is not some interaction between those conspirators who form the spokes of the wheel as to at least one common illegal object, the `wheel' is incomplete, and two conspiracies rather than one are charged."
Treatment trajectory · 1924 → 2026 · click a year to view as-of
1924
1975
2026
Top citers, strongest first. 50 distinct citers.
How cited ↗
cited
Cited "but see"
United States v. Richard Finucan and Dee Rocca
But see United States v. Choate, 576 F.2d 165 (9th Cir.) (Hufstedler, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "but see"
In Re Fine Paper Antitrust Litigation, Kimberly-Clark Corporation
(2×)
also: Cited "see"
But see e. g., In Re Grand Jury Proceedings, 576 F.2d 1071 (3d Cir. 1978) (en banc), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978); Levin v. Ripple Twist Mills, Inc., 549 F.2d 795 (3d Cir. 1977) (Appeal from denial of disqualification motion dismissed without published opinion).
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
State v. Waz
it is settled that the fjourth ajmendment's protection against 'unreasonable searches and seizures' protects a citizen against the warrantless opening of sealed letters and packages addressed to him in order to examine the contents
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
J. P., M. R., Cross-Appellees v. Andrew J. Desanti, Cross-Appellants
rights under the ninth amendment are only those 'so basic and fundamental and so deeprooted in our society' to be truly 'essential rights,' and which nevertheless, cannot find direct support elsewhere in the constitution
examined
Cited as authority (quoted)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. WILLIE HUGH MORRIS, BRENDA PEARL OWENS, ERNEST MUNOZ, A/K/A ERNESTO, KENNETH LEON MORRIS
if there is not some interaction between those conspirators who form the spokes of the wheel as to at least one common illegal object, the wheel' is incomplete, and two conspiracies rather than one are charged.
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Choice Advisors, LLC
While there is “[n]o 27 per se rule requiring the issuance of an injunction upon the showing of [a] past violation,” 28 SEC v. Koracorp Indus., Inc., 575 F.2d 692, 701 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 1 (1978), “[t]he existence of past violations may give rise to an inference that there will be 2 future violations[.]” Murphy I, 626 F.2d at 655 . “[T]he fact that the defendant is currently 3 complying with the securities laws does not preclude an injunction.” Id.; Fehn, 97 F.3d at 4 1295. 5 The Court acknowledges the violations here concerned only two clients and occurred 6 at…
discussed
Cited as authority (rule)
Battle v. Willcox
In Gallishaw v. Jackson , 99 S.C. at page 348; 83 S.E., 454 ; 456, this Court said: "A township is a body politic under the Constitution (Article 7, § 11); it is a division of the county, made for governmental purposes." In the same language that counties are erected into bodies "politic and corporate" (Article 7, § 9), townships are also constituted bodies "politic and corporate" (Article 7, § 11).
discussed
Cited "see"
Marshall v. City of Atlanta (In re Air Terminal Enterprises, Inc.)
Dairymen, supra, 813 F.Supp. at 1584 ; accord Carter, supra, 721 F.2d at 1530 , citing United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , reh’g denied, 575 F.2d 300 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Marshall v. City of Atlanta
Dairymen, supra, 813 F.Supp. at 1584 ; accord Carter, supra, 721 F.2d at 1530 , citing United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , reh'g denied, 575 F.2d 300 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Zeller v. the Florida Bar
(2×)
Federal Election Comm’n v. National Conservative Political Action Comm., 470 U.S. 480, 497 , 105 S.Ct. 1459, 1468 , 84 L.Ed.2d 455 (1985) (“[t]he hallmark of corruption is the financial quid pro quo: dollars for political favors”); Buckley, 424 U.S. at 26-29, 96 S.Ct. at 638-40 (same); accord Richman v. Shevin, 354 So.2d 1200, 1203 (Fla.1977) (same), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 348 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978). 9 The only remaining questions are whether the Canon’s prohibitions employ means designed to achieve the State’s compelling interest, and whether those means are narrowly…
discussed
Cited "see"
Securities and Exchange Commission v. Paul A. Bilzerian
(2×)
See SEC v. Koracorp Indus., 575 F.2d 692 (9th Cir.) (changing occupations so that opportunity for securities laws violations is not readily available does not necessarily defeat injunctive relief), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 348 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. David Lamar Faulkner, Spencer H. Blain, Jr., James L. Toler and Arthur Formann
See United States v. Elliot, 571 F.2d 880 , 902 (5th Cir.) (“[T]he object of RICO conspiracy is to violate a substantive RICO conviction — here, to conduct or participate in the affairs of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity — and not merely to commit each of the predicate crimes necessary to demonstrate a pattern of racketeering activity.”), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Faulkner
See United 62 States v. Elliot, 571 F.2d 880 , 902 (5th Cir.) ("[T]he object of RICO conspiracy is to violate a substantive RICO conviction -- here, to conduct or participate in the affairs of an enterprise through a pattern of racketeering activity -- and not merely to commit each of the predicate crimes necessary to demonstrate a pattern of racketeering activity."), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Superior Growers Supply, Incorporated Jeffrey A. Gibson Christopher D. Schneider Derick Hall
(2×)
See United States v. Fruehauf Corp., 577 F.2d 1038, 1071 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) (citations omitted).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Beale
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) 15 ("Under [RICO], it is irrelevant that each defendant participated in the enterprise's affairs through different, even unrelated crimes, so long as we reasonably may infer that each crime was intended to further the enterprise's affairs.").
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Beale
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) 15 (“Under [RICO], it is irrelevant that each defendant participated in the enterprise’s affairs through different, even unrelated crimes, so long as we reasonably may infer that each crime was intended to further the enterprise’s affairs.”).
discussed
Cited "see"
Mortgage Guarantee & Title Co. v. Commonwealth Mortgage Co.
(2×)
See SEC v. Koracorp Indus., 575 F.2d 692, 695 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 348 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Aguilar
See United States v. Choate, 576 F.2d 165, 175 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978), aff’d after remand, 619 F.2d 21 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 951 , 101 S.Ct. 354 , 66 L.Ed.2d 214 (1980).
discussed
Cited "see"
Vickery v. State
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, Hawkins v. United States, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Field, 432 F. Supp. 55 (S.D.N.Y. 1977), affirmed, 578 F.2d 1371 (2d Cir.), cert. dismissed, 439 U.S. 801 , 99 S.Ct. 43 , 58 L.Ed.2d 94 (1978); and State v. Johnson, 105 N.M. 63 , 728 P.2d 473 (N.M.Ct.
discussed
Cited "see"
Lochhead v. Alacano
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902 , cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) (the central element in a RICO conspiracy is not an agreement to commit the underlying predicate acts but, rather, to commit a statutorily defined RICO violation). 7 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Roberto Valera
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902-05 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Tillett, 763 F.2d 628 (4th Cir.1985) (evidence sufficient to show a single, ongoing conspiracy, organized to profit from marijuana importation, rather than separate and distinct conspiracies, even where financiers changed during course of conspiracy).
cited
Cited "see"
Shared Network Technologies, Inc. v. Taylor
See U.S. v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); U.S. v. Altomare, 625 F.2d 5 , 7 n. 7 (4th Cir.1980) and cases cited therein. 3 .
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Leonard Finestone
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 911 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Alvin Swimmer v. Internal Revenue Service
See Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., 570 F.2d 1202 , 1206 & n. 5 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 334 (1978); Seshachalam v. Creighton University School of Medicine, 545 F.2d 1147, 1148 (8th Cir.1976).
cited
Cited "see"
Torwest DBC, Inc. v. Dick
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 , 899 n. 23 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. George W. Schell John B. Cain, Jr., A/K/A John Boy Thomas R. Stevens, A/K/A Hyper and Freda Virginia Gallo Wilson
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 901 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Angelo Pepe and Thomas Miglionico, United States of America v. Albert Joseph Facchiano, Francis Santo, Paul Santo
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
Securities & Exchange Commission v. Wall Street Publishing Institute, Inc.
(2×)
See SEC v. Koracorp Industries, Inc., 575 F.2d 692, 697 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 348 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
13 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 365, 14 Fed. R. Evid. Serv. 1362 United States of America v. Manuel Frank Rubio, United States of America v. Ronald Harrison Elledge, United States of America v. Donald Duane Smith, United States of America v. John Palomar, United States of America v. Alan David Passaro, United States of America v. Bert Samuel Stefanson
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 380 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (quoting United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978)).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Daniel Michael Daly, Harold Dean Klemp, Joseph Diaz, Gene Floyd Criswell, and Michael Richard Ryan
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 908 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Dickson, 462 F.2d 184 (4th Cir.), cert. denied, 409 U.S. 876 , 93 S.Ct. 126 , 34 L.Ed.2d 129 (1972); see also United States v. Zwego, 657 F.2d 248, 250 (10th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 455 U.S. 919 , 102 S.Ct. 1275 , 71 L.Ed.2d 460 (1982) (application for certificate of title constitutes security).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Rubio
See United States v. Martino, 648 F.2d 367, 380 (5th Cir.1981), cert. denied, 456 U.S. 949 , 102 S.Ct. 2020 , 72 L.Ed.2d 474 (1982) (quoting United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir.) cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978)).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Robert Hawkins
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 911 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
State Farm Fire & Casualty Co. v. Estate of Caton
See, United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 898, n.18 , (5th Cir.) (“The number of persons making up an enterprise is irrelevant. .. ”) cert. den., 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Agosto
See In re Grand Jury Investigation, 436 F.Supp. 818, 821 (W.D.Pa.1977), aff’d by an evenly divided court, 576 F.2d 1071 (3d Cir.) (en banc) (per curiam), ce rt. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978); United States v. Garafola, 428 F.Supp. at 624 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Mulherin
See United States v. Elliot, 571 F.2d 880 , 887 n.5 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978) (acquittal on a substantive offense does not preclude a verdict of guilty on count charging conspiracy to commit such substantive offense).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Charles Tashjian, United States of America v. James Campbell
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902-03 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
Sun-Fun Products, Inc. v. Suntan Research & Development Inc.
See Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., 570 F.2d 1202, 1208 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); Wallin v. Fuller, 476 F.2d 1204 (5th Cir. 1973). 8 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Harry O. Stratton, William D. Riggs and Loy Z. Harrell, United States of America v. Samuel S. Smith
“To be convicted of conspiracy to violate RICO there must be proof that the individual, by his words or actions, objectively manifested *1073 an agreement to participate, directly or indirectly, in the affairs of the enterprise, through the commission of two or more predicate crimes.” United States v. Bright, 630 F.2d 804, 834 (5th Cir. 1980); accord, United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 903 (5th Cir. 1978), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1979). 8 .
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. William Barton, Anthony Chirico, Rosario Chirico, Dominic \Sonny\" Celestino
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978), upholding use of § 1962(d) to reach “a my-riopod criminal network, loosely connected but connected nonetheless,” id. at 899, that involved arson, theft, fencing goods stolen from interstate commerce, murder, and narcotics activity, while observing that such a prosecution probably would not have been possible under § 371 because it linked “highly diverse crimes by apparently unrelated individuals,” id. at 902.
discussed
Cited "see"
Mineral Industries & Heavy Construction Group v. Occupational Safety And Health Review Commission
To effectuate the policy underlying Rule 15(b), and in recognition of the spirit of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, this Circuit has pursued "a course of strong liberality * * * in allowing amendments." United States v. Stephen Brothers Line, supra, 384 F.2d at 124 -125 (quoting Hall v. National Supply Co., 270 F.2d 379, 383 (5th Cir. 1959)); see Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., Inc., 570 F.2d 1202, 1208 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978). 8 More importantly for the present case, it is well settled that administrative pleadings are "liberally cons…
discussed
Cited "see"
Mineral Industries & Heavy Construction Group v. Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission
To effectuate the policy underlying Rule 15(b), and in recognition of the spirit of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, this Circuit has pursued “a course of strong liberality * * * in allowing amendments.” United States v. Stephen Brothers Line, supra, 384 F.2d at 124 -125 (quoting Hall v. National Supply Co., 270 F.2d 379, 383 (5th Cir. 1959)); see Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., Inc., 570 F.2d 1202, 1208 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Richard Devincent, United States of America v. Charles Tashjian
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 902-03 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Clemones, 577 F.2d at 1255.
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Palmeri
(2×)
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 898-99 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Palmeri, Ernest P., Sr., in No. 79-2147. United States of America v. Campisano, Joseph, in No. 79-2148. United States of America v. Cariello, Vito, in No. 79-2149. United States of America v. Smith, Frank, in No. 79-2150. United States of America v. Chestnut, Flen, in No. 79-2424
(2×)
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 898-99 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. James Ray McDonald
See United States v. Eliiott, 571 F.2d 880 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Brunson, 549 F.2d 348 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 842 , 98 S.Ct. 140 , 54 L.Ed.2d 107 (1977).
cited
Cited "see"
United States v. Giresi
See generally United States v. Elliot, 571 F.2d 880 , 887-90 (5th Cir.), cert, denied sub nom., Delph v. United States, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978).
discussed
Cited "see"
United States v. Walter Metz and Ronald D. Schiller
(2×)
See United States v. Elliott, 571 F.2d 880, 905-06 (5th Cir.), Cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 349 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); United States v. Ashley, 555 F.2d 462, 467-68 (5th Cir.), Cert. denied, 434 U.S. 869 , 98 S.Ct. 210 , 54 L.Ed.2d 147 (1977).
cited
Cited "see"
Marshall v. Lancarte
Gann v. Smith, 443 F.2d 352 (5th Cir. 1971); accord Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., Inc., 570 F.2d 1202, 1206 (5th Cir. 1978), cert. denied 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 .
discussed
Cited "see"
S. John Chipser v. Kohlmeyer & Co., a Partnership, and Thomson & McKinnon Auchincloss Kohlmeyer, Inc., a Corporation
See Wansor v. George Hantscho Co., 570 F.2d 1202, 1206-07 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 953 , 99 S.Ct. 350 , 58 L.Ed.2d 344 (1978); Lowry v. Long Island Rail Road, 370 F.2d 911, 912 (2d Cir. 1966); 16 C.
discussed
Cited "see"
Edward J. Rich v. United States Lines, Inc.
(2×)
See Edmonds v. Compagnie Generale Transatlantique, 577 F.2d 1153 (4th Cir. 1978) (En banc ), Cert. granted, --- U.S. ----, 99 S.Ct. 348 , 58 L.Ed.2d 343 (1978); Samuels v. Empresa Lineas Maritimas Argentinas, 573 F.2d 884 (5th Cir. 1978); Dodge v. Mitsui Shintaku Ginko K.K.
Retrieving the full opinion text from the archive…
Richman
v.
Shevin, Attorney General of Florida
v.
Shevin, Attorney General of Florida
No. 77-1677.
Supreme Court of the United States.
Nov 6, 1978.
Published
Citer courts: Sixth Circuit (1) · Supreme Court of Connecticut (1)
Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.